Isiko Ancient Egypt: Isifinyezo izakhiwo kanye nezincwadi

IGibhithe lalinamandla, mhlawumbe, izwe amaningi esikhathini yezimpucuko kuqala. Iningi yaqhakaza isiko lasendulo Egypt. Kafushane ukwethula kunzima ngempela, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ilingana iminyaka 2000 nangaphezulu, uyahlukaniswa abe imibuso emithathu (Ancient, Ephakathi, New), ukuthuthukiswa ngayinye eyayintula izici zayo siqu.

Isiko Ancient Egypt: kafushane mayelana yombuso wasendulo

Le nkathi iyona nkathi eGibhithe balokhu kuchuma - inkathi yokuchuma sokuthuthukiswa isiko. It ifinyelela ukuthuthukiswa bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo enkulu, esibonakala by izici monumentalism. Iningi izakhiwo exhunywe ihlelo emngcwabeni. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo inqatshelwe ukufa. Babekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu uzobuyela ke. Ngakho-ke, thina usethe ethuneni, wamuka - mummified. Kanye izakhiwo e yombuso wasendulo savela ebaziwe. Ubethula libhekene ezithile ezikhethekile "isitayela waseGibhithe", okuyinto izici eziyinhloko isiko eGibhithe lasendulo. Ngakho, isici esiphawula leli ukubaza kwaba kutsi babedalelwe ku tile, okuyinto lihambisana nhlangothi zombili impumuzo izithombe zabantu. Kulokhu, ubuso namahlombe bachazwa kusukela ngaphambili, kanye nasemilenzeni ikhanda kwiphrofayli. Famous faro Narmer Plate. ukuphakama Its 64 amamitha. On ke, ngaphezu ngempumuzo izithombe, kukhona imibhalo eqoshiwe hieroglyphic ekhuluma ubuntu lowo isithombe ulotshwe plate. By the way, ngenkathi Old Kingdom ekugcineni ulimi kwakhiwa ebhaliwe yasungulwa papyrus sheet kanye nama-akhawundi uhlelo yadalwa. Ukubhala eGibhithe abaqeqeshwe ikakhulukazi bapristi nababhali owashaya igoli emnothweni, kanye Okugweda. Esinye isici iyona wesimethri esiphelele izibalo ukuboniswa.

Umbuso Ephakathi

Isiko Ancient Egypt kafushane mayelana Ephakathi Kingdom ongasitshela esilandelayo. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela iqala ukwakhiwa amathempeli ngoba onkulunkulu baseGibhithe kukhona kuvezwa kungaba njengoba abantu noma isigamu-isilwane yabantu. Amathempeli kungukuthi luzokhishwa ezenkolo kuphela, kodwa futhi wacabangela izinhlaka zokuphatha, okuyinto ukufinyelela abefundisi kuphela - abapristi. Kuthathwa unkulunkulu ophakeme Ra - nonkulunkulu welanga, futhi uFaro kubhekwe indodana ilanga. Uma nalokhu ikakhulukazi eyakhelwe omngcwabo izakhiwo Ephakathi zoMbuso kanye nabo wadala emathempelini engcwele ehlotshiswe amakholomu giant, namatshe amade abaziwe, lokubhalela Chic. Emangalisa kakhulu kwaba ithempeli Amenemhat III, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi amaGreki embileni. Ngu izakhiwo nkathi zihlanganisa edume Umbhoshongo Cheops, le Sphinx, nabanye. Ubuciko namasiko waseGibhithe lasendulo kule nkathi savela kwezinye iziqondiso. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izimbali ezincwadi. Wawuthi, mhlawumbe kuqala inoveli emhlabeni - "The History of Sinuhe," futhi inoveli "Ingxoxo eyayidumazekile umphefumulo wakhe" - indatshana yangempela zefilosofi ku yokungabaza, ukudumazeka ukholo. Lokho sinjalo isiko ongaqondakali futhi emangalisayo yaseGibithe lasendulo.

Kafushane mayelana okusha Kingdom

Phakathi nale nkathi, ephelelisiwe ubuciko impumuzo. On ezindongeni amathempeli, wonke umlando Egypt uvezwa ngosizo le ndlela. Ngaphambi ngasinda Nethempeli Hatshepsut, elise Deir El-Bahri. izithombe Relief ukuthi kuhlobisa izindonga zethempeli, enengqondo ukuze yezimo abhekene iza ungqumukela phakathi esidlule. behlele zezinhlobo Sculpture ubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ukuze nathi, kucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi lo umqophi Tuthmosis - ekumeni we faro Akhenaten nomkakhe Nefertiti edume. Njengoba izincwadi balo Mbuso Omusha iba multi-uhlobo. "Incwadi Abafileyo" elingelakwaJuda lesi sikhathi, kubhekwa encyclopedia benkolo sikhathi. Phakathi "yobuciko" kwezincwadi zezwe kungenziwa ngokuthi inganekwane "mayelana amabili abazalwane", kanye nemisebenzi ephathelene uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo - ". Iculo ukuze kujabule izinhliziyo"