UNikolai Khmelev: Biography, empilweni yakho, isithombe, imbangela yokufa

Ngo-1939, izikrini aphume ezweni okuhleliwe yomqondisi Isidorom Annenskim ifilimu "Umuntu in a Case". Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi eside le ndaba A. P. Chehova akuyona aguqulelwe esibukweni, kodwa ngo-1965 I. isithombe Ann waphuma iwuhlelo olusha, futhi aphinde badabula izikrini yezwe. Le filimu, okuyinto inkanyezi abadlali ezinkulu Nikolay Hmelev, Mikhail Zharov, Faina Ranevskaya, kwaba brilliant ngempela, futhi zonke izakhamuzi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wayazi sokuzivocavoca uthisha ulimi Belikov ngesiGreki. cap sakhe, ochochki kancane amnyama kanye ibinzana adumile "iVolga agelezela oLwandle iCaspian, sengathi okuthize akuzange kusebenze!" Ukube ajwayelekile kubo bonke, ngaphandle ihaba. Ngakho kwenzeka ukuthi cishe indima benza yaseshashalazini umlingisi eyaziwa ezweni lonke.

Umfana liphuma emkhayeni okahle

Belikov lolungenamaphutsa kudlalwa Khmelev UNikolai Pavlovich. Wazalwa ngo-July 23, 1901 ku Sormovo, esifundeni mlando Nizhny Novgorod. Ngesikhathi Sormovo isitshalo odumile esitimela uyise wasebenza njengoba induna. Umama wanika izifundo umculo emikhayeni ekhomba ngophakathi, njengoba kungenzeka indodakazi ummeli futhi waba imfundo zomculo. INdodana eyajabula ngayo ngokuthola imfundo enhle futhi lapho ufika yobudala oyifunayo, yena waba zikhonjwe esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni yangempela Sormovo. Uma ivaliwe, umfana wayiswa 2nd Nizhny Novgorod esikoleni.

6-th sokuzivocavoca eMoscow

Ngo-1916, uNikolai Khmelev nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela e-Moscow, futhi uyaqhubeka ayiqaphele lapho isikole 6th eMoscow. Phakathi nale minyaka engu waba nesithakazelo umdwebo bese iboshelwe isiphetho sabo kuze Stroganov School. Kodwa izincwadi eduze umfana. Izinyathelo zokuqala endleleni yemidlalo, futhi, libhekisela esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni eMoscow. Ngezinye amakhonsathi ayezenza nge monologues Berendey, Osip, Miller Walsingham imikhiqizo (ngokulandelana) "Snow Maiden", "UHulumeni Inspector", "Mermaid" futhi "Idili Isikhathi Ikholera."

Ukukhetha indlela

Ngokusobala, umbono ukuba azinikezele yemidlalo, esiwavakashele ikusasa Umculi Yabantu. Ngenxa ngonyaka yokwemukela yakhe e-University of eMoscow, khono zomlando-philological YaseMoscow Art Theatre imemezela reception abaculi ku Studio 2nd (yayikhona kusuka 1916 kuya 1924), futhi UNikolai Khmelev ngokusekelwa nosizo ka umqondisi walo futhi uthisha VL Mchedelova , lapho iza. Ngaphezu kwalokho owasungula obaba lokhu ikakhulukazi studio-Massalitinova N. eMoscow Art Theatre abalingisi, H, futhi uN Aleksandrov Podgorniy eyaziwa ngokuthi ezintathu uNicholas, e-Studios 2nd waseshashalazini wafundisa eziningi ezifana E. Vakhtangov Leonidov L., V. Luzhsky.

izinyathelo kuqala

Ngo umfundi wakhe usebenza UNikolai Khmelev unaka kakhulu ukuba ukubukeka kwangaphandle futhi wenze-up. Lokhu kuye kwenza indima le firs e "I Cherry Orchard," Karp e "iZihlobo Zasehlathini", Snegirev e "Abafowethu Karamazov" evelele kangaka, ukuthi iyatuseka waphendula K. Stanislavsky futhi uVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Futhi ubuciko ukwakheka N. P. Hmelev ezifundiswa studios ezintathu - Mchedelova, ku 2 nd eMoscow Art Theatre kanye Zavadsky. Umsebenzi wakhe enkundleni esiteji Nikolay Khmelev (umlingisi) waqala Classic - ngisho ne "idina wakhonza" njengoba indima wordless ka uMphrofethi (1919).

Iqhaza lokuqala esiphawulekayo

Lezi kweminyango buthule kwakwanele, futhi kuphela ngo-1923, uH Spiegelberg Khmelev ukudlalwa "Abaphangi" FR Schiller. Lokhu indima waphawula ngenxa yokugxekwa nje okungatheni, ubelokhu eqashelwa ozakwabo, futhi indima elandelayo play "Elizaveta Petrovna" Lesi esinye sezenzakalo abethuli. UNikolai Pavlovich kudlalwa Ushakov. Ngo-1925 Nemirovich-Danchenko wamthembisa indima le Marey ongumlimi ukudlala K. Treneva "Pugachevshchina". Lokhu indima wenza N. abadumile Khmeleva.

Ukuvikelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu

Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1926, yena wadlala Alexey ophephela futhi iba umlingisi ayibonwa. Nge play "Izinsuku Turbin" M. A. Bulgakova, okuhleliwe ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre, eziningi-legends. Stalin bathandile play. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi kwakungemva kokuba kokubona umholi wezwe avunyelwe ukugubha uNcibijane, ngakho bathandile yesehlakalo ephethe isihlahla sikaKhisimusi umhlobiso. Umlingisi hop Stalin sakubona kukuhle - imiklomelo emithathu egameni ukubaluleka kwakhe okuthile. Ikakhulukazi bathandile indima Joseph Vissarionovich Alexei Karenin futhi ophephela.

umbono wakhe ngendima

indima ngayinye okwalandela waba itshe engenile a ezinyoni lokusungula - a kwamaBolshevik bokusungula Peklevanov e "Armored zemininingwane 14-69" Sun. Ivanova (1927), i-Prince e "Iphupho kaMalume 'F. M. Dostoevskogo, firs e" I Cherry Orchard "futhi Tsar Fedor Ioanovich. Lokhu indima UNikolai Pavlovich uthola ngesiphakamiso omkhulu V M. Moskvina. Inhlanhla osebenza Skorobogatov indima play "Izitha" A. M. Gorkogo. Isithombe ngasinye, kudlalwa NP Khmelev, libhekene izici zayo ezithile isici, ngayinye wathola nangezindlela eyinqaba. Prince e "Iphupho kaMalume 'wenziwa Khmeleva hhayi engasile njengoba ezibuhlungu.

Theatre. Yermolova

Ngo-1932, uNikolai Khmelev (photo enamathiselwe) luvula studio yakhe siqu, okuyinto yayikhona kuze 1937, wajoyina ethiyetha. Yermolova. UNikolai Pavlovich baba umqondisi bokubeka yemidlalo, futhi lo mbukiso yokuqala esigabeni esisha - "Hhayi penny, ngokungazelelwe Altyn" - lavuselelwa okukhulu. Kulesi isikhundla wahlala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1945. Ngo-1941, N. P. Hmelev uthola kuqala Stalin uMklomelo ezifezwayo zokudala.

Umklomelo wamukelwa kwesokudla

Ngo-1942, umlingisi ithola yesibili Stalin Prize for indima unjiniyela e Zabelin "I ezibiyele Chime" N. Pogodin. Lapho ethiyetha waxoshelwa (kusukela 1941), N. P. Hmelev waqokwa inhloko ingxenye bokubeka YaseMoscow Art Theatre, umqondisi ngo-1943 baba M. Moskvin. indima waseshashalazini akunakubangelwa impumelelo enkulu njengoba TUZENBACH emdlalweni "Three Sisters" A. P. Chehova, okuhleliwe ngo-1940. Ezinye izazi umlingisi babekholelwa futhi ukuthi ubeyisibenzi esivelele ubuciko Nikolaya Pavlovicha Hmeleva. Zonke izindima ukusebenza zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina yimpumelelo. Ukuze ukudiliva kubo eMoscow Art Theatre ngo-1944, "The Last Victim" by A. Ostrovsky ngo-1946, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, uNikolai Pavlovich waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize yesithathu.

ukufa okuzumayo

UNikolai Khmelev, ogama biography kwaba ephukile-November 1, 1945, washona umculi omkhulu - esiteji. Yena alandwa indima Ivana Groznogo emdlalweni "ngonyaka nzima" by A. N. Tolstogo. Kwakuwusuku ukubuyekeza ingubo, umlingisi wawa, wayiswa esihlalweni umugqa wokuqala nezitebele zamahhashi. udokotela Ufike waqaphela ukuthi uN P. Hmelev nontransportable ngokuthi yayifa. umlingisi Omkhulu yayiswa ekamelweni elincane avanlozhey, njengoba ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaqala ukusebenza kusihlwa (kungani uqede?). Ingabe "Imiphefumulo Dead", umculo okhalela phezulu ngesikhathi ibhola umbusi no ukuhleka izibukeli ongaqaphile washona ngo izimonyo futhi imvunulo Khmelev Tsar UNikolai Pavlovich. Imbangela yokufa - sohlangothi ukuboshwa inhliziyo.

ukuphila Siqu

Wayeneminyaka engu-44 kuphela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sithi umuntu "ngomlilo emsebenzini" - ukuzenza e yaseshashalazini lwamaGypsy kanye naye. Yermolova, YaseMoscow Art Theatre, futhi, kwadingeka omningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umka-Nikolaya Hmeleva Lala yesibili sathola omnyama enhle, bamphushela kusukela Yanshina bothando olukhulu. Kodwa umphefumulo lokhu elijabulela a lwamaGypsy, fun and freestyle - ukucula njalo nokudansa kuze kokusa efulethini embhedeni N. Khmeleva. Bathi amaRom babekhwezela imililo khona. Futhi esigcwele kuye kwaba nomthelela nezifo, ukuthi kabaze baba lakho ukuma Nikolay Hmelev. ukuphila komuntu umculi ngo-1943 kwaphawulwa iqiniso kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe Alyosha, ngubani-November 2, ngemva kosuku ukufa kukayise mibili.

amaqiniso athile

Ukuze lokhu kokuthi silayishe yokuthi indodana yomfowabo ka-N. vnuchatny Khmeleva, namesake wakhe kanye namesake (nakuba ayiphelele, E. patronymic, indodana yakhe Alyosha cha fanele ntwana) - kumdlali we the Mayakovsky Theatre. Umphakathi jikelele, lapho yaziwa ngemuva kwesibhicongo ochungechungeni oluthi "I ezibiyele amasosha". Ephetha isihloko, ungakwazi ukwengeza ukuthi UNikolai Pavlovich Khmelev waklonyeliswa Order of Red Banner Wabasebenzi kanye izindondo, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ahlonishwe nge-USSR State Prize (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Stalin) ngo-1941, 1942 no-1946 ngokulandelana. Phakathi imisebenzi ifilimu kungenziwa kuphawulwe ifilimu "Generation of abawinile", eyakhululwa ngo-1936. Buried N. P. Hmelev at Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.