Emadolobheni Ugcwalise Russia nezwe

Izwe eziningi zokuhlala, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe waya kolwandle noma emfuleni embhedeni. Lokhu okuthiwa idolobha enezikhukhula. Ngamunye wabo isiphetho ayo ezithakazelisayo futhi ngokuvamile ezibuhlungu. Yikuphi idolobha lagcwala izikhukhula, futhi yiziphi izimbangela yalezi izikhukhula, manje sesiyazi ukuthi.

Izimbangela izikhukhula ezisemadolobheni

Izimbangela amadolobha izikhukhula kungaba nhlobonhlobo, kodwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ayinhloko: zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngasinye salezi zigaba wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku Ezimweni eziningi ngabanye.

Lapho abantu nokukhuluma mayelana eyayenziwe ngihlaliswa emadolobheni amanzi, it is ngokuyinhloko babe engqondweni edolobheni Ugcwalise amadamu. Ngenhloso nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi owenziwe umuntu zazihlukile. Zadalelwa for ukusebenza iziteshi amandla kagesi, inhlanzi ukulima, isitoreji amanzi ahlanzekile in inqwaba, nokunye. Ikakhulukazi eziningi amadamu phezu insimu ka-Russia kanye nezinye uthi Soviet wangaphambili sekwakhiwe phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngu uhlobo kwesigubhu okungukuthi ehlukanisiwe emfuleni echibini.

endaweni enezikhukhula nawo kwenzeka ngenxa azifele. Lokhu kungaba ukwanda kolwandle, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ngenxa yezinye izizathu. izikhukhula eziyinhlekelele Ikakhulukazi uma imvelo okungazelelwe.

emadolobheni lushone yezwe lenkaba yethu

emadolobheni Ugcwalise Russia - ingxenye ezingenakuguquleka yomlando wethu. Izimbangela izikhukhula zazihlukile. Kodwa iningi labo baya ngaphansi yamanzi 30-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, lapho benza ukwakhiwa emikhulu yamanzi amadamu nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Bangaki emadolobheni ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi ngalesi sikhathi? 9 ngokuthi imizana ezinkulu, eyisikhombisa kuyona atholiwe eMfuleni iVolga, no one - kwi OB kanye Yenisei. Yikuphi idolobha wawudla izindwali? It Mologa, Kalyazin, Korcheva, Puchezh, Vesegonsk, laseStavropol, Volzhsky, Kuibyshev, Berdsk futhi Shagonar. Ezinye zalezi nemizana ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi ngokuphelele, omunye - ngokwengxenye. Kuyini edolobheni Ugcwalise Russia nendlela isiphetho sabo, manje siyazi.

Mologa: umlando emzini

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ye-Russian wehlela phansi nemizana - Mologa, idolobha ezigcwele Rybinsk Reservoir. Kwaba kule ndawo ngesikhathi confluence emfuleni efanayo eMfuleni iVolga, ibanga elingamastadiyu ezingaphezu kuka kancane ikhulu namashumi ukusuka Yaroslavl.

Isikhathi esiqondile sokuxazulula le nsimu, lapho ikusasa uvele Mologa idolobha ayaziwa, kodwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka XIV ekhulwini khona Mologa ubukhulu njengoba engxenyeni ethile Yaroslavl ubukhulu. Ekhulwini elandelayo edolobheni sakhula futhi athuthukiswe. Yena ayedumile njengoba shopping centre kahle esikhulu. Kusukela 1777 yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko edolobheni wesifunda, futhi wathola ingubo yayo izikhali. Kwakukhona namasonto ambalwa futhi ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Nge eza emandleni edolobheni amaBolshevik muzi waba isikhungo wesifunda.

savela Ngakho Mologa. idolobha Ugcwalise ngesikhathi kucwila phansi kwesigubhu kwadingeka izindlu eziyisishiyagalolunye nabakhileyo eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa.

izikhukhula Mologi

Kodwa naphezu ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu kwezomnotho yesifunda, isinqumo ukusungulwa the Rybinsk kwesigubhu kwamenyezelwa ngo-September 1935, kwakusho ukuthini-ke i inundation izindawo ezinkulu. Ngaleso sikhathi kwase kwesigubhu ngobukhulu yokufakelwa emhlabeni.

Le phrojekthi wethulwa ngonyaka ofanayo. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo yokuqala, izinga lamanzi kufanele aluthole udumo olulinganayo 98 amamitha. Njengoba sazi ukuthi Mologa nayo esisogwini alolu, ugcwalise it is hhayi ezisengozini. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili plan yabukezwa kanye namazinga amanzi anda ifike 102 metres, okuyinto anda kakhulu endaweni ethandwa izikhukhula. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo msebenzi waba ukwenza Mologa idolobha Ugcwalise phezu iVolga.

Izindawo kweminye imizi waqala ekuqaleni kuka-1937, ikakhulukazi edolobhaneni eliseduze Slip, futhi kwathatha iminyaka 4. Ngo-1940 kwaba khona izikhukhula komuzi. Amanzi bashiya imizi, izakhiwo, amabhizinisi, amasonto kanye sezindela sika-Athanasius.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Mologa - Ugcwalise edolobheni. Kodwa ngo-2014 kwaba khona ukwehla okukhulu izinga lamanzi we Rybinsk kwesigubhu, esangenza ukufinyelela ezisebusweni bawo wonke ezitaladini walo mzana kanye nobungqabavu.

Kalyazin - idolobha iVolga

Omunye umuzi Ugcwalise phezu iVolga - Kalyazin. Ulwazi lokuqala ngomlando Kalyazin ubheke ngaphezulu kuya kweleshumi XI. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside kwaba idolobha kuhle ezincane, okuyinto kwakusala kude isihloko edolobheni. Ukuphila Kalyazin baba ukuvuseleleka emva ukwakhiwa Macarius sezindela ekhulwini xv. Lokhu sezindela yaba indawo yezimpi ukuhlangana mass pilgrim, owawungumnyaka umfutho ezinkulu sokuthuthukiswa edolobheni. By the way, phakathi kwawo kwakukhona wamazwe odumile Athanasius Nikitin e Tver. Singasho ukuthi uyilungiselelo esingokomoya siye abe uhlobo "amadolobha inkampani".

Umuzi wakwazi yehle emlandweni sibonga Battle odumile Kalyazin, lapho amabutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-Prince Skopin-Shuisky e 1609 wanqoba ibutho Polish.

Ngo 1775 Kaljazin ezinikwe isimo edolobheni futhi yaba isikhungo esifundeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube ukusungulwa kwamandla Soviet edolobheni khona yesifunda sezohwebo esibalulekile.

Kalyazin iya ngaphansi kwamanzi

Ngo-1935 Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Uglich emifula power plant waqala. Kule ndaba, e 1939-1940, amanzi yehliselwa, futhi Kalyazin. idolobha Ugcwalise waba ingxenye kuphela. Eyokuqala hit ingxenye mlando abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, washona izikhumbuzo oluvelele lathumela, ezifana Macarius futhi St Nicholas Zhabensky zezindela.

Abantu ababehlala izingxenye esidlule kwamanzi kwalesi sigodi eyayisithuthelwe izindawo uninjured, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, eqinisweni Kalyazin - Ugcwalise edolobheni.

Korcheva

City Korcheva wabelane isiphetho Mologa. Kuyinto mizi - kuphela edolobheni lushone eRussia, okuyinto wanyamalala ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Abanye baye baba ukuba phansi kancane kuphela.

Ngesinye isikhathi Korcheva futhi laliyisikhungo County. Kodwa nge ekuqaleni kwezimboni, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha Ivankovo Reservoir. Abantu esikhathini esiningi ziyiswe edolobhaneni Konakovo, futhi yena Korcheva - enezikhukhula.

Okunye idolobha lushone phezu iVolga

Ngaphezu kwalokho, baningi idolobha ezine Ugcwalise phezu iVolga. It Puchezh, Vesegonsk, laseStavropol, Volzhsky futhi Kuibyshev.

Puchezh ngakwazi ukubona kancane kwamanzi eminyakeni 1955-1957 lapho kwakhiwa le Gorky kwesigubhu. Isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi kwamanzi ushiye ingxenye endala yedolobha nge esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo.

Vesegonsk idolobha wawudla izindwali kancane ekuqaleni, ngo-1939, njengoba Mologa, lapho kwakhiwa i-Rybinsk Reservoir. Njengoba kunjalo nge Puchezh, idolobha baya phansi ingxenye.

Omunye umuzi Ugcwalise - laseStavropol - kwaba igama lolungakahleleki laseStavropol-on-iVolga, kanye iVolga-laseStavropol, ukuze lihlukaniswe North eCaucasus namesake. Ngesikhathi izikhukhula, owenzeka ngo-maphakathi nawo-50s kwekhulu elidlule, edolobheni abantu 12 000 ahlala khona. Bonke eyayisithuthelwe indawo entsha eduze zokuhlala ezindala, okuyinto wathatha phezu igama oshonile ngaphansi kwamanzi edolobheni. Ngakho, lokuqhubeka walondolozwa. Futhi kusayithi ayengaphansi emzaneni okungukuthi manje asemabhodleleni Kuibyshev kwesigubhu.

New laseStavropol ngo-1964 iqanjwe kabusha e Togliatti, behlonipha umholi odumile lamaKhomanisi Italy. Manje ingenye lamadolobha amakhulu Russian nge umkhakha athuthukile (ikakhulukazi yezimoto), anamakhulu asixhenxe labantu senkulungwane.

Ngo-50-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka liphinde Ugcwalise emzini Kuibyshev, kuze 1936. aqanjwe Spassk-Tatar. Ingabe elapha insimu ka Tatarstan yesimanje. Ngaphambi abantu uzamcolo ziyiswe endaweni entsha eduze abhubhisa umuzi mlando Bulgar, kodwa isiphetho entsha namanje wabizwa ngokuthi Kuibyshev. ngo-1991 kuphela edolobheni iqanjwe kabusha eBulgaria.

idolobha Ugcwalise eSiberia

Of ngaphezulu noma nemizana zincane Ugcwalise eSiberia, ungakhetha edolobheni Berdsk futhi Shagonar.

Berdsk yasungulwa ngo XVII ekhulwini kwenye nemingenela we OB, kodwa umuzi wawuyigolide ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kuphela. Nokho, kule isimo wahlala hhayi isikhathi eside. In the 50s kwekhulu elidlule isiqalile ukwakhiwa emikhulu we Novosibirsk kwesigubhu emfuleni ob. Berdsk kuncike izikhukhula. Ukuze indawo entsha ngaphakathi edolobheni elidala at ibanga amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili, abantu ayesebuyele ingakapheli iminyaka 1953-1957. Njengoba ubona, bekungelona inqubo besikhashana, eyathatha iminyaka emine. Ngenxa yalokho ukundlulisa endaweni entsha yomuzi omdala, waba isikhungo esiyinhloko ezimbonini. Kodwa izakhiwo ezingokomlando Berdsk baphelelwa, njengoba ayenjalo zonke ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Enye edolobheni laseSiberia, yaziwe izikhukhula ezisuke zizimbi kakhulu Shagonar. Wayengumuntu ensimini ka zaseTuva futhi isendaweni ibhange we Irtysh enza. Lo muzi wawudla izindwali emva nezinye nemizana Russia ekwakhiweni we Sayano-Shushenskoye kwesigubhu 70s kwekhulu elidlule. Wabe esethuthela kwenye indawo entsha, amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa kusukela zokuhlala ezindala. Kodwa, ngokungafani Togliatti futhi Berdsk, ukuthuthela endaweni entsha ayinayo nomthelela omuhle nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Manje leli dolobha elincane, kwakukhona kancane ezingaphezu kuka eziyishumi, ehlanganisa ngesikhathi iningi Tuvan yobuhlanga.

idolobha Ugcwalise kwamanye amazwe

idolobha Ugcwalise akuzona kuphela eRussia kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile imbangela izikhukhula ngakhonza nanjengombonisi umsebenzi womuntu kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States emadolobheni amancane angaba yikhulu basala phansi ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezihlukahlukene esikhiqiza ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile.

Izinjongo ezifana wawudla izindwali ngo-1985 edolobheni eVenezuela ngaphansi kwegama Potosi. Kodwa kusukela ezingeni amanzi lehla ngokuphawulekayo, futhi idolobha ke Ugcwalise kancane kancane iqala buvela.

Ngo-1938 e-US isimo Nevada yokufakelwa Lake Mead kwamiswa. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalesi kwesigubhu kwadingeka ukuba alethe isikhukhula edolobheni elincane St Thomas. Manje echibini bome, futhi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-Potosi, phezu kobuso amanzi avele eziqongweni zezakhiwo ezindala.

Ngo-1950, enyakatho ye-Italy, ezimbili amachibi - Rezija futhi Muto - abangu eyayenziwe benziwe eyodwa. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze kuqaliswe ukusebenza iphrojekthi ukukhiqizwa kukagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, edolobheni elincane Curon wawudla izindwali. Inkomba kuphela ukuthi kukhona kanye settlement iyona umbhoshongo insimbi kwekhulu XIV, nimkhiphela emanzini.

Eyokwakha kwekulu amandla plant eBrazil futhi kwadingeka ukuba alethe isikhukhula emzaneni Petrolândia. Leli dolobhana elisha ngokuthi Yakhiwa kancane okuthuthukile emzaneni enezikhukhula.

Futhi, ukuze sithuthukise amandla wezwe supply ngo-1972 yehliselwa ngemzini amanzi enyakatho ePortugal ngokuthi Vilarinyu das Furnas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo lapha wawusegunjini ngokwengeziwe leyo ngezikhathi zeRoma.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule ukwakha idamu phezu umfula wawudla izindwali Xi'an idolobha yamaShayina yasendulo ka Shi Cheng Qingdao kuleli chibi. Phakathi kuthuthwa yezakhamuzi zendawo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 290. Abantu abangu ezibalulwa kanjena ngokufanele. Lena Izindawo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emlandweni elihlobene ne-izikhukhula yokufakelwa komuzi.

Ngo-1988, ngenxa yale nhlekelele liye Ugcwalise edolobheni Romanian Bezidu Nou. Inhlekelele ye umcimbi kuqinisa yokuthi ngenxa yale nhlekelele wabulala bonke abantu 180, ayehlala khona.

umuzi wasendulo ngaphansi kwamanzi

Kodwa hhayi kuphela kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule iphutha ugcwalise emadolobheni. amacala afanayo ezenzeke zasendulo Ephakathi, kodwa ngokuvamile babengakholwa kubangelwa Ukungenela komuntu nezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Zonke wazi legend of Atlantis. Lobu wubufakazi lokuqala kucwila phansi ezigudle emadolobheni, kodwa mayelana kwako ngokomlando Yiqiniso, kuyinto debatable. Uma ukholwa ukuthi emibhalweni uPlato, kuyilapho ngaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa yezikhukhula ezinkulu ushiye idolobha angaphezu kwelilodwa, futhi lonke izwekazi.

Ubufakazi obengeziwe nenhlekelele enjalo likhona eBhayibhelini. Lokhu kubhujiswa imizi yaseSodoma neyaseGomora, okuyinto, ngokusho legend, waya phansi yoLwandle Olufile. Ngokungafani kucwila wase-Atlantis, umbono wokuba khona kweminye yale mizi has a eside kwezesayensi.

Futhi, ngesikhathi kade kancane noma yizikhukhula ngokuphelele Alexandria, Canopus futhi Heraklion eGibhithe, idolobha esiqhingini Japanese of Yonaguni, zibekwe phezu kokuthile eminyakeni 2000 edlule, Saeftinge eNetherlands, owabulawa ekujuleni kolwandle e 1584, Port Royal, Jamaica, kubhujiswe uzamcolo e 1692 ngonyaka, ichweba uJulius futhi Bailly e-Italy Pavlopetri futhi abaningi kwezinye izindawo emizaneni eseduze esiqhingini eGreece, Atlit Yam kwa-Israyeli, ongaziwa idolobha Mayan eGuatemala, esitholakala phansi ka Atitlan, umuzi wasendulo phezu Kekova esiqhingini eTurkey yesimanje.

Njengoba-Russia, okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe inhlokodolobha wangaphambilini we Khazar Khanate - edolobheni alukho Itil, okuyinto, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, kukhukhulwa le iVolga.

Akufani zonke Ugcwalise emadolobheni emhlabeni, kodwa sinalo edume kakhulu kubo oshiwo.

Izikhukhula inzuzo?

Sekuyisikhathi eside mpikiswano ngabe izikhukhula kwezinye ezindaweni walungisiswa futhi kufaneleka, noma imisebenzi efanayo angeke sakufanelekela cwaningo? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo, futhi abantu bakhona sisonke emva ukwakhiwa emifula iziteshi amandla noma angenasawoti kwesigubhu babe imivuzo emikhulu.

Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi yokufuduka kwabantu esuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, okubangela ezihlukahlukene nobunzima zezenhlalo nezomnotho ukujwayeza ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu oqhubeka nabuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhukhula nemizana ezihambisana ngokubhujiswa kwezindlu nezakhiwo commercial, kanye namanani ngokuvamile kwamasiko.

Futhi isiphetho nemizana, idluliselwe endaweni entsha, uye wazakhela ehlukile. Ezinye usukhulile futhi ziye zaba izikhungo ezinkulu ezimbonini, liba amahle ngaphezu kwazo ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi edolobheni, kanti abanye baye banyamalala.

Ngakho-ke inkinga ka zokuziphatha futhi kwezomnotho zibheke izikhukhula zasemizaneni okungukuthi kunalokho edidayo.