Dementia - kuyini? Ubuchopho obudala

Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingqondweni. Enye into enjalo yi-dementia. Kuyini, yiziphi izinhlobo zayo, sizobe sitshele kulesi sihloko.

I-Dementia

NgesiLatini, igama elithi dementia lisho ukungena. Leli gama ngokwayo libhekisela ekudemeni komqondo, okutholakala noma ngenxa yobudala, noma ngokuphathelene nezinto ezithile zangaphakathi nezangaphakathi. Ukunciphisa okuncane noma okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ebuchosheni, ukuwohloka komsebenzi wokucabangela, okwenza kube khona ukubuyisela (ukukhumbula) ulwazi nolwazi olutholakale ngaphambili, kanye nokuwohloka kwenqubo yokuthola idatha entsha - konke lokhu kubangela ukucindezeleka komqondo. Sisazi ukuthi siyini, kodwa sidinga ukufunda ukuthi singayahlukanisa kanjani nezinye izifo ezingqondweni. Isibonelo, ungangqubuzani ne-dementia nge-oligophrenia (ukuphuza kwengqondo). I-Oligophrenia yi-under-development of processes, futhi ukuwohloka komqondo kuyindlela yokwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo ngokuphathelene nokulimala kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphakathi kobuchopho. Kubantu lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "senile sensility".

Idatha ye-WHO

Kuze kube manje, umhlaba unabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-35.6 ezixilongwa. Ngokwezibikezelo ze-WHO, ngo-2030 inani labo lizokhula libe yizigidi ezingu-65.7, futhi ngo-2050 - kuya kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-115.4.

Ukuxilongwa

I-dementia akuyona isifo esilandela eminyakeni yobudala. Izimpawu zakhe zingabonakalisa ngezikhathi ezahlukene - kokubili kwasebusana, nasebusheni, ekukhuleni nasekugugeni. Konke lokhu kuncike lapho ukulimala kwendawo yobuchopho kwamukelwa khona.

Izinhlobo zengqondo ye-dementia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo: i-syndromic kanye nesisekelo. Ngamunye wabo, naye, uhlukaniswe waba yizinhlobo eziningana, ngaleyo ndlela echaza ngokucacile igama elithi "u-dementia". Kuyini, sizokutshela ngezansi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo

Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zengqondo ye-dementia - i-lacunar nephelele. Owokuqala ubonisa izinguquko ezincane ezingokwengqondo, yingakho izinga lokuzithiba linciphisa futhi inkumbulo ingahle ibonakale. Isibonelo salokhu yi- Alzheimer's. Owesibini unomlingiswa onzima ngezinguquko ezingathí sina, hhayi kuphela ngokomzwelo, kodwa nasezingeni lomuntu siqu. Isibonelo sohlobo lwesibili yisifo sika Pick.

Ukuhlelwa okuyinhloko

Izinhlobo zesifo zihlukaniswe ngokwezizathu ezamukelwe zona. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukanisa luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-vascular (isibonelo sesifo - isifo sokuqina kwamathambo e-cerebral atherosclerosis), i-atrophic (isibonelo - i-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Pick's disease) nokuxilongwa komqondo okuxubile.

I-dementia ye-Vascular

Isizathu sakhe ukuphula ukujikelezwa kwegazi kobuchopho. Izimpawu zithembele kulowo mnyango wengqondo owonakele. Izinyathelo zokuqala zibonakala ngezibonakaliso ze-neurosis, kanye nezinguquko zemizwelo njalo. Ukuthukuthela, ukucasula nokunganakwa kube izibonakaliso eziningi. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, ukuphazamiseka kwememori kuphawulwe, ukuhlaselwa kwe-delirium kuhambisane nemigomo.

I-Atrophic dementia

Lezi zinhlobo zijwayele kuphela abantu besizukulwane esidala, okungukuthi, kulabo abaneminyaka engama-60-65 ubudala. Izimpawu ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, izinkinga zokucabanga, kanye nezinguquko ezivamile emlandweni wezimzwelo. I-atrophic dementia inezinyathelo ezintathu:

• Okokuqala - kubhekene nezinkinga ngokucabanga, aphasia, agnosia, ukwephula ukuhambelana kokunyakaza kanye nokuqondisa ngesikhathi nesikhala;
• Ukucatshangelwa - okucatshangelwayo kuhlanganisiwe, futhi izidingo ezibalulekile zinciphisa, okungenani umuntu akakwazi ukuzinakekela;
• Okukhulu - ukulahlekelwa kokugcina kwememori kanye nokukwazi ukuhlukanisa izwe elizungezile.

I-Dementia ehlanganisiwe

Lezi zinhlobo imbangela yezilonda zamasondo ngesikhathi esisodwa nezinguquko ze-atrophic, kuyilapho zigcina izimpawu zohlobo zombili lezi zinhlobo.

Umphumela

Manje uyazi kabanzi ngegama elithi "u-dementia" - yikuphi, yiziphi izinhlobo zalo nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, awudingi izimpawu zakhe ukuze uzibheke, uma ungabaza, kufanele ubone udokotela.