Basil 1: iminyaka kahulumeni, ikakhulukazi kwezepolitiki, unkosikazi wakhe kanye nezingane

Ukuphela le-13 leminyaka. nesigaba sokuqala sonyaka ka-ngekhulu le-14. I-Grand Duchy of eMoscow eziphawuleka isikhathi kunalokho quiet, ngaphandle izinxushunxushu zangaphakathi kanye kuphela ehlasela eyodwa zidlamlilo. Territory kukhuphuke ngo ukwengeza emazweni amasha, kukhuphuke izinduna ubunikazi bomhlaba. Konke lokhu kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba Inqubomgomo bahlakaniphe osemusha. Lesi yisikhathi lapho isihlalo sobukhosi kwesikhulu matasa indodana Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of eMoscow Vasily 1. Phakathi nokubusa umbusi futhi edumile kanye isifinyezo umndeni wakhe nezingane, uzothola esihlokweni.

ilebula khan sika

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 yi-mbuso onamandla ka uGenghis Khan ahlukaniswe isimo esisha - zolotaya Orda, obabukhona eduze ngokushesha we principalities Russian kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-14. Nakuba akwazi ukulondoloza wekuba sive sabo, ukuphathwa kanye isonto emahlombe abo esindayo umthwalo isibopho ukukhokha izintela. Lo myalo inikezwe isikhulu ahlukene ngokukhipha ilebula Khan, okuyinto, njengoba inikeza ilungelo isihloko Grand Duke, kanye ukusekelwa kwezombangazwe nakwezempi zidlamlilo. Ngemuva ke ekuqaleni baya Mongolia bese esibayeni.

Ngo 1832, ngemva kokubhubhisa eMoscow Dmitry Donskoy mina wathumela amanxusa ku- Khan Tokhtamysh ukuze bathole ilebula ukubusa, eholwa engu-11 ubudala, indodana endala Dmitri, Ngokuzayo Grand Duke Vasily 1, ngesikhathi okubusa kwakhe kwaqala ngo 1389

nkathi yakuqala

Igama lakho isikhulu esizayo kwaba behlonipha St. Basil waseKhesariya, kusukela wazalwa ngosuku olwandulela ekugubheni inkumbulo yakhe - Disemba 10, 1371 Umama Basil Eudoxia eMoscow babevela Suzdal ukuthi indodakazi Grand Duke Suzdalskogo Dmitriya Konstantinovicha.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngemva kokubhujiswa eMoscow ngo 1882, isikhulu abasha uhole ithimba kuya zidlamlilo. ilebula Khan yatholwa Dmitriem Donskim, kuphela indodana yakhe Tokhtamysh kwesokunxele njengoba kalowo. Vasiliy waphunyuka lapho eseneminyaka engama-14 ubudala. Indlela yakhe walala ngokusebenzisa eMoldavia uPetru Musat. ERussia ke engafinyelelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa yifa basePoland Lithuanian. UDmitry Ivanovich wathumela ukuzihlangabeza indodana boyars, okwadingeka ukuba zikhothamele ohlangothini isikhulu nabasePoland. Uma wakhe i-amanxusa kuphumelele futhi zilethwe ngokuphepha Basil eMoscow.

Vasily Dmitrievich 1: Phakathi nokubusa

Ilungelo esihlalweni sobukhosi uVladimir zidlamlilo Basil Ngithole e 1389, ngemva kokushona kukayise. Ukuze bakwazi ukuzivikela futhi ezindaweni zabo, cishe ngokushesha waqala izingxoxo izimbangi zayo ezimbi kakhulu: Yuri Dmitrievich umzalwane wakhe uVladimir le Abanesibindi. Umsuka njengefa kusukela Dmitriya Donskogo Zvenigorod Ruza, Galitch futhi Vyatka, kanti eyesibili - kwaba isikhulu Serpuhovskoy, Galicia, Borowski, futhi Dmitrovsky Uglitskikh. UMalume Basil bavumelana kucabangela esenana nenye umhlaba.

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi kubusa Basil 1 owaqala ngokuvukela phambili imizamo kayise, ikakhulukazi labo ngokuphathelene ubudlelwano obusemthethweni phakathi Grand Duke nefa ehlelekile egomela indima yayo eyinhloko, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kokushiya abangaphansi ubunikazi ngokwengxenye emazweni eMoscow. inqubomgomo beqiniso likayise noyisemkhulu, wayengumuntu esikhathini esizayo. Ukusekela nosizo ekubhekaneni nezindaba zezombusazwe umbusi osemusha enikeziwe Metropolitan Cyprian futhi izikhulu eMoscow.

Prince wafa Februwari 27, 1425, eneminyaka engu-53 kweminyaka. Ithuna itholakala Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Esikhundleni sakhe wayeyindodana enguthumbu - Vasiliy Temny (isithombe esingenhla). Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe kubabangele internecine impi e Muscovy.

Ubudlelwane kanye zidlamlilo

Nge-Golden zidlamlilo Basil ngazama ukulondoloza isimo sengqondo hlangothi. Ngo 1392 waqale ngizithengela yena ilungelo Nizhny Novgorod, ukuthumela Gorodetsky isikhulu kuhlalwe okuyimpoqo Suzdal. Khona-ke u aluthola Meschera, Gorodets, Moore futhi Tarusa. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, kwakunjalo ne kabusha Holdings wezindlalifa zomthetho ezikhona. Amalebula ubunikazi ekhishwe ngaphambi kuphela ezweni ongaceli.

Basil 1 (wokubusa - 1389-1425), umbono uzibuse kusukela zidlamlilo, futhi cishe wangaba imali zabo Khan. Kuthunyelwe inkokhiso ngemva kokuhamba noma nge lutho noma izipho ayempofu kakhulu. Nokho, ngo-1407-1408 GG. iphansi kwesandla sika-Temnik Edigei ukuhlasela izimisele ka Muscovy. Umvuthwandaba lo mkhankaso kwaba ekuvimbezeleni ezibiyele amasonto amathathu, Nokho, okuyinto, akuphumelelanga. Basil angizange ukuthumela amasosha, kodwa Uzame nezingxoxo zokubonisana, kanjalo lokuvukela empini yase-amandla ngaphakathi zidlamlilo. Njengoba yayazi ukuthi kuziwa nezinye abaphikisi Yedigei ngokuxhamazela kwesokunxele inhlokodolobha Russian, ukuthatha yibhece efanayo futhi zonakalise emadolobheni amaningi ubukhulu, kuhlanganise Ryazan, okuyinto zasha.

Ubudlelwano kanye Lithuania

Amandla zezombusazwe kanye nezingxoxo - ke ingenye izimfanelo eziyinhloko ukuthi kwadingeka Grand Duke Vasily 1. Iminyaka kahulumeni eMoscow aqala cishe ngasikhathi sinye nge umshado wakhe indodakazi Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas e 1390. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lesi sinyathelo ezazizosiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ne Novgorod. Kodwa Vytautas zazinemigomo sakhe futhi izinhlelo. Grand UMbusi Lithuania, waqala ngo 1392 futhi wayethambekele zisebenzisa ubuhlobo obusha bomkhaya kuphela izithakazelo zabo zezombusazwe.

Okufakazela lokhu ukuthunjwa Smolensk ngesikhathi ngokuxabana ngaphakathi endlini kwesikhulu. Basil ngayithatha, ucabangela enengqondo kakhudlwana kuze kube iphuzu ukuba bagcine emhlabeni, kunokuba ukuya empini nge kumbusi onegunya nabahahayo. Khona-ke Vytautas wawashaya ubukhulu Ryazan, futhi ngokuvumelana zemihla ngemihla, wayehlela ukusebenzisa ngenxa zidlamlilo ukusungula kwegunya layo kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngo 1405, ngemva kokwenza uhambo Pskov, Basil mina baqala ukubuthana ibutho, ebiza AmaTatar futhi tverichey. Abaphikisi wahlangana ntanta emfuleni oseduze Tula, kodwa impi akazange athathe indawo. Kuvele ukuxolelana kwaphethwa ngokuthi unyaka owodwa.

Ekugcineni, ohlangothini Lithuanian of Basil ngenza ezivuna enkulu ngokoMthetho indawo, avunyelwe ukuba angenele UMbusi Lithuania ezindabeni zangaphakathi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umgomo wakhe uye waba negalelo kwatheleka ngaphansi kokulawula ukhomba ngophakathi eMoscow Lithuanian Orthodox, ukuvimbela ukuchitheka kwegazi phakathi principalities ukusebenzisa igunya Vytautas angenze ukuxabana .

Umkami nezingane

Ngo 1391, ngoKhisimusi, Basil 1 (wabusa 1389-1425) washada UZandile - Lithuanian Princess and the indodakazi kuphela Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas. Wazala izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye Basil: amantombazane amane, omunye wabo esikhathini esizayo washada umbusi John VIII Palaeologus, futhi abafana abahlanu, babo omunye kuphela abasinda. Ngo 1425, Sofia (esithombeni ngenhla inkosazana nomyeni wakhe) baba ibamba isikhathi indlalifa ezincane Basil II ziyingxenye Vytautas futhi Prince UPetru No-Andrei Dmitrievich. Lapho esegugile, inkosikazi yenkosana waya Ascension Monastery, lapho aqhubeka khona ukwakha ithempeli Ascension, okuyinto lwaqala esikhathini esithile ngomfazi D. Don. Inkosazana oshone ngo-October 27, 1453 ngesikhathi ezivuthiwe ukuguga (iminyaka 82).

Lena kuphela ingxoxo emfushane echaza indlela wafika ngamandla phakathi nokubusa Basil 1. nokuthi wenza Grand UMbusi Russia - omunye izihloko ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke emlandweni. Esikhundleni sakhe wahamba sasivumela esitebeleni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zezombusazwe isimo ubukhulu, hhayi zonakale izimpi uyakhathaza, futhi ukwandisa insimu.