Queen uTamara umlando uhulumeni. Isithonjana, Nethempeli Queen uTamara

Queen Engaqondakali uTamara libhekisela abesifazane esiyingqayizivele emlandweni wezwe, okuyinto kunqunywa ukuqhubeka esingokomoya sabantu zabo. Ngemva kokubusa kwakhe uhlala okungcono nemagugu emasiko kanye izikhumbuzo. Fair, ethembekile futhi ohlakaniphile, ke umise isikhundla okuqinile sezombusazwe ezweni lethu lakhe e-Asia Minor, unqoba ezindaweni ezakho zanamuhla Georgia. Isikhathi kokubusa kwakhe kuze kube sekugcineni emlandweni ngokuthi "i-Golden Age." ukuchuma kwezomnotho, yezobuciko nezombangazwe zangaleso Georgia ngaleso sikhathi ngokuphelele ukweleta indlovukazi yayo.

ifa

Ezinye amaqiniso ezivela empilweni uTamara namuhla ihlale ivuliwe kuze kube sekupheleni. Iminyaka yokuphila namanje uphikise-mlando, kodwa mhlawumbe ozalwa Tsarina uTamara e 1166. Abazali wentombazane zazinjengethusi kusukela emndenini yizicukuthwane: unina eyindodakazi inkosi Alan, futhi uyise ayengowesifazane bohlobo eyaziwa Bagration futhi kwaba ngesikhathi sokuzalwa inkosi eyayibusa.

Lapho uTamara wayeneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, Georgia izibhelu waqala, okuhloswe ngaso lokushintsha uhulumeni kayise George III. Kwaholela kuvukela indodana ka omunye wabazalwane George - Demeter futhi umukhwe Orbeli bakhe, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi owayeyinhloko kwezinhloko zamaviyo Georgian. Lapho ukuvukela ukuyiveza kwenkosi wamanje, kwaba ukusula isidingo emcimbini wokugcotshwa.

Njengoba intombazane emkhayeni ekhula ngaphandle zakubo, George zanquma ukulishiya sobukhosi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, uTamara. Kwakungemva amasiko Georgian yesihlalo sobukhosi aphethwe owesifazane. Kusukela 1178 indodakazi yami baba co-umbusi kayise George III. Yisinqumo sabo kuqala ngokuhlanganyela kwaba ukwamukelwa nesijeziso sokufa ngenxa izigebengu, amasela, ukudalwa i okukhethekile iqembu kusesho yabo.

emva ukungena uTamara ezindabeni zezombusazwe zombuso wakhe iminyaka 6 iza kokufa George III futhi umphakathi nelungelo iba umbuzo kabusha wokugcotshwa futhi abheke ukuthi kungenzeka wokukhushulwa le nkosazana esencane. Esivuna amantombazane Wayedlala yokuthi izwe Georgian esake akhethiwe ngenkatho abaphostoli Virgin ukusakaza owesifazane yakhe yobuKristu wathumela - St UNina. Ngakho blagovernaya Queen uTamara ekugcineni matasa sobukhosi.

Eyokuqala kabusha isimo

Ukubusa Queen uTamara waqala kukhululeka yesonto kwezintela kanye izinkokhelo. abantu abanamakhono abangu abaqokelwe ezikhundleni zokuba izikhonzi futhi ngabaholi bezempi. Omunye mlando baphawule ukuthi phakathi abalimi yokubusa kwakhe wasukuma ukuze isigaba nelungelo, nabakhulu baba amakhosi futhi amakhosi esidlule waphenduka.

Inani labantu eduze uTamara yethulwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Antonio Chkondid abake pha Samtavisskuyu bhishobhi futhi edolobheni Kisiskhevi. UMbusi, ngikutholile omunye wabazalwane abakithi abadumile Armenia Mkhargrdzeli - Zakariya. nomfowabo omncane Ivane ephethwe esigodlweni umnotho. Izikhulu neyaziwayo ubuKristu ababethi by esontweni Armenia, ngokuthi ukholo Armenia, futhi yenkolelo ohlonishwayo. I mlando bathi Ivane Kamuva ngathola ugobile ukholo kodwa Armenia bamukela ubuKristu.

Zezombusazwe owesifazane ovelele e ukukhokhela umbuzo ekushintsheni isimo sezombusazwe ezweni laseGeorgia. Othile Kutlu Arslan wahlela iqembu efuna ukudalwa lotimele esigodlweni. ubuso ekhethiwe uyimbudane, izinhlangano kuye kwadingeka zibekezelele nazo zonke izinto zombuso ngaphandle kobukhona emihlanganweni uTamara kakhulu. Queen wahlala kuphela umsebenzi executive. Ababoshwe Kutlu Arslan wavusa abalandeli bakhe, khona-ke nezingxoxo zokubonisana kwabozungu linqotshiwe uTamara zokugcina. Uhlelo zokwakha kabusha isimo ukwenza izinto, kwaholela Kutlu Arslan kuhlulekile.

izindaba yesihle

I eqala umsebenzi wakhe, uTamara wathi ukubiza omkhandlu wesonto. Nangesenzo esisodwa kule minyaka wokubusa kwakhe kwaphawulwa umkhulu wakhe, noDavide Builder. senkosikazi Unokuqonda nikwenzile ubunye obungokomoya bezizwe nabantu. Esekhokha wonke umuntu ulalela izwi likaNkulunkulu: ababhishobhi, izindela, abapristi, ababemenywe eJerusalema Gulaberisdze Mudrogo Nikolaya, ngubani, kanye-Archbishop Anthony kwaholela sesonto.

ONgcwele Queen uTamara phambi lombhishobhi wanikeza inkulumo lapho ucele zonke ukuphila obumbene mayelana nokuchazwa iBhayibheli. Nanguya endaweni Monologue esibhekiswe nobaba ongcwele ucela ukusiza isandla kubo bonke labo abaye balahlekelana indlela ezingokomoya. Kucelwe yi ababusi izimfundiso Isonto Ongcwele, amazwi nezimfundiso, ezithembisa isinqumo, ibhizinisi nokufundisa.

Waba Nesihe Kwaze Kwaba abampofu, uyephana, hramozdatelya umvikeli, Georgia, amasosha, abanomusa - kwakuyi-Queen uTamara. Isithonjana nge ubuso intombazane namanje kusiza abathembekile ukuvikela umndeni, endlini kusukela usizi, engakholwa ethi, ephulukisa izifo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Isonto Council yayiphawuleka futhi kukhethwa umakoti. Ngakho, inkantolo waphenduka kobaba iseluleko abheke kuphi unkosikazi uTamara. Abeluleki belulekwa ukuya ku uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu, okuyinto eRussia.

umshado

Hhayi ubuhle nengqondo, kodwa ngokomzimba kuphela, yanikwa Queen uTamara. Photo ntombazane, Lutho neze, kodwa izinkumbulo ababephila ngesikhathi zisikisela ukuthi yakhiwe kahle umzimba, amehlo namahloni, izihlathi kamnandi namehlo amnyama.

Uma kukhona umbuzo mayelana nesidingo ukuvela owalandela nomyali, yena waba ngokushesha akhethiwe ezikhulu umyeni. Ngangingakwazi ukumelana ubuhle intombazanyana Russian Prince Yuri Andreyevich. Wayevela a yenkolelo yizicukuthwane umndeni Bogoliubsky ahlonishwe futhi ngokusobala eseyinsizwa ekhangayo. Esefikile Tbilisi nenkosikazi yesikhulu umakoti esizayo, wanquma ukudlala lomshado ngokushesha. Nokho, uTamara bahlakaniphe sasimelene ekubalekeni ezinjalo. Yizikhonzi futhi ababhishobhi, nabanye bayayeka umshado indlovukazi ezenzeka kusukela imicabango emibi. Ngaphansi kobuholi Yuri yize babethatha impi onqobayo Georgia, kodwa Esedabulile iminyaka emibili nobuhlungu engqondweni, yena banquma ukudivosa. umyeni uMbumbi Queen uTamara wathunyelwa eConstantinople nge ucezu ingcebo. Wabe waphinda wabonakala empilweni yentombazane uma Yuri wafika Georgia impi ngesiGreki ukuze ubuyele sobukhosi ezingabanjwanga, kodwa, njengoba ezikhathini ezidlule, anqotshwa, bese yanyamalala unomphela.

Njengoba ngakhulela imiqondo levangeli, indlovukazi kwesehlukaniso kuye besibhekene kanzima. Futhi ke umcabango wokuthi kukhona umshado, okuyinto yafuna isimo salo, ngokuvamile eyamukelekayo.

umshado ojabulisayo

ubuhle bemvelo nento kwadingeka Queen uTamara (isithombe-sketchings zomlando - ubufakazi), ngakho izikhulu eziningi wayefuna ukuthatha indawo singenamuntu eceleni komyeni wakhe nge wesifazane ongavamile. inkosi Ossetic kuphela uDavide Soslan, waba nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba abe yesibili womshado uTamara. Inkantolo ukubeka phambili candidacy yakhe umyeni ngengozi, wakhulela e Rudusan, owayeneminyaka anti sendlovukazi. Izazi-mlando nazo baye basikisela ukuthi umshado wasebukhosini neqhinga yezikhulu Georgian. Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo ezidingekayo obambisene nabo, futhi umbuso Ossetic sibonisa ezingaba lempi elinamandla. Yingakho kwezakhi elibusisekile umphakathi ngokushesha bavumelana neyaziwayo Soslan kaDavide co-umbusi laseGeorgia.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo baletha ndawonye, hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi wenza isimo oqinile futhi lichume. Ayavumelana okubusa. Ngokuba uNkulunkulu wathumela kubo ingane. Lapho abantu bafunda ukuthi Queen uTamara noDavide Soslan elinde izibulo, bonke bathandaza ukuzalwa umfana. Kwathi kuzalwa indodana yabo, njengo kumkhulu wakhe. Futhi igama bamnika okufanayo - George. Ngemva konyaka, owazalwa ngo-asebukhosini uvele Rusudan intombazane.

Ekulweni Islam: impi Shamkhor

Political Yiqiniso senkosikazi wathunyelwa ukulwa ne emazweni amaSulumane ukuthi ukusekela ababengaphambi yesihlalo sobukhosi: George III noDavide Vozobnovitel. Amabili uthi Islamic eMpumalanga Ephakathi wazama nokunqoba amazwe Georgian, futhi zombili izikhathi amasosha lala mazwe eziye zabhekana ukuhlulwa.

Lo mkhankaso wokuqala okuhlaselayo eyayihlelwe Umbusi wamaSulumane yeBaghdad, e kabani izandla abangu bagxila kanye zenkolo, futhi emandleni obukhosi wonke amaSulumane. Yena zixhaswe inhlangano sokusebenzisana aqondiswe isimo yobuKristu ethuthukisiwe. Amabutho ephethwe atabag Abubakr, futhi ingqondo isidlulile buthule ukuze kuphela uma amaSulumane zisekujuleni e Southern Azerbaijan, Queen uTamara wafunda ngalokhu kuhlasela.

amabutho Georgian kunabayeni emandleni ayo isitha. Kodwa ukholo kuNkulunkulu futhi emandleni omthandazo isisindisile isizwe. Ngesikhathi ibutho elinamandla wathutha maqondana amabutho Abubakr Georgian, indlovukazi nabahlali abayekanga ngomthandazo. umbusi oda lalinabashumayeli i litanies engapheli, bevuma izono futhi okufunwa ocebile ukunikeza isipho abampofu. UJehova alilalele emthandazweni impi Shamkhor 1195 Georgians babe onqobayo.

Ngenxa indondo, uDavide wayilahla nonkosikazi wakhe, banner sompristi, okwakunginika inkosikazi wezindela for isithonjana Our Lady Hahulskoy.

Battle of Basiani

Nge ukunqoba kuleli zwe Shamkhor anda ukuthembeka enkundleni yomhlaba. Omunye Ruknadin Sultan ye-Asia Minor akakwazanga ukubona amandla Georgia. Wayenamadodana izinhlelo izoziphindiselela abantu waseGeorgia ukunqotshwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo Turkish, okuyinto inqotshwe phakathi nokubusa zikaDavide Builder.

Ruknadin indlovukazi Uthumele incwadi nokuthuka, okuyinto yafuna uTamari ukushintsha ukholo lobuKristu Islam. senkosikazi Angry kweso saqoqa ibutho lempi futhi, othembela Ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu, ukuba amphelezele Isigodlo eziyinkimbinkimbi Vardzia lapho Eguqa phambi isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, wathandaza yebutho lakhe lempi.

Abanolwazi izimpi lempi rumsky Sultan, Angikholwanga ukuthi Georgian Queen uTamara iqala ukuhlasela. Phela, inani lempi namaSulumane izikhathi ibutho Georgian. Ukunqoba futhi saya kumlawuli futhi umyeni Tamara - ababedingisiwe-David. Kwathatha omunye impi ukushaya ibutho Turkish.

Ukunqoba Basiani wasiza lelisu izinhlelo zamasu zasebukhosini ukudala isimo esisha, endaweni ngasentshonalanga Georgia. Ngakho-ke sidalwe umbuso Trebizond nenkolo yobuKristu. Ekhulwini le-13 izakhamuzi Georgia yezwe cishe yonke North eCaucasus State.

Isiko phakathi nokubusa Queen

Usesimeni esethembisayo nezomnotho kuleli zwe liye laba backbone sokuthuthukiswa isiko. Igama Queen uTamara elihlobene ne-Golden Age ka-Georgia. Wayengumngane umxhasi izincwadi kanye nemisebenti yekubhala. zamasiko kanye zemfundo babe zezindela: Iversky, Petritsoni, ku Black Intaba nabanye. Bona kwenziwe inguqulo, umsebenzi wokubhala nefilosofi. EGeorgia, ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona Ikalto futhi Gelati Academy, ophela ukuthi abantu ephethwe Arabic, ulimi Persian, ulwazi wefilosofi lasendulo.

Inkondlo "The Knight in the Panther Skin sika", eziphathelene ifa izincwadi zezwe, kwalotshwa ngesikhathi kubusa uThamari futhi anikezelwe wakhe. Shota Rustaveli wanikela ngokuphila endalweni yakhe abantu Georgian. Le nganekwane iqala ngokuthi wahlala inkosi owayenendodana nendlalifa, futhi, ukuzizwa ekusondeleni kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, yena oziphakamisa intombi sobukhosi. Lokho isimo, oyedwa umcimbi owenzeka esikhathini lapho isihlalo sobukhosi wayiswa uTamara.

Indlovukazi eyasungulwa Vardzia emhumeni sezindela liyalondolozwa ukuze izinsuku zethu, kanye Christmas-Bogorodnichny sezindela.

Kuphumelele okuhlaselayo sezempi, inkokhiso evela emazweni yanqoba ziye zasiza ubuyise kwesabelomali Georgia, yayihloselwe ukwakhiwa esikhumbuzo kanye nokuthuthukiswa ubuKristu.

Vardzia

Isonto, namangqamuzana aphilayo, amasonto, izindlu zokugeza, igumbi Refectory - wonke amagumbi aqoshiwe edwaleni ukwenza eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela kuya eningizimu Georgia ngokuthi Vardzia, noma ethempelini Queen uTamara. Ekwakheni isakhiwo emhumeni sase siqalile phakathi nokubusa George III. Okukhulu kakhulu ebekiwe target ukuzivikela kusukela Iran nabaseTurkey.

izakhiwo Fortress ube amamitha angu-50 ukujula nobude nesakhiwo esinezitezi ezingu-. Namuhla igcinwe amavesi imfihlo, izinsalela izinhlelo ngenkasa kanye namanzi.

Maphakathi emhumeni ifakwe indlovukazi Bandla Assumption iNcasakazi eCwebileyo. Izindonga zayo ehlotshiswe imidwebo amahle, phakathi okuyinto umfanekiso uTamara noyise. Inani Ngokomlando-kwezobuciko Uyi Umfanekiso we Ascension weNkosi uJesu Kristu kanye uNina kaNkulunkulu.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba, bamba namaPheresiya eziyinkimbinkimbi, abaseTurkey, nenkathi yamaSoviet zashiya izibazi ngokuba khona yesigodlo. Manje-ke ingaphezu Museum, yize-ke kuholele ekuphileni kwabo ezincisha injabulo ezinye izindela.

Queen uTamara: umlando wokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina

IziKronike kuhlehlela emuva ukufa kaDavide-Soslan ngonyaka 1206. Khona-ke indlovukazi wacabanga mayelana edlulisa sobukhosi kungene indodana yakhe, futhi wenza George yakhe co-ibamba. Waphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho kaNkulunkulu, wazizwa ukufa kuyeza. Queen uTamara babulawa yizifo ezingaziwa. Eminyakeni yokugcina ekuleso Vardzia. Idethi yokushona isalokhu imfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki, kodwa mhlawumbe kungcono iminyaka 1212-1213.

Lapho wangcwatshwa senkosikazi, akwaziwa. Emibhalweni yaminyaka wabonisa Gelati Monastery njengendawo lapho umzimba zendlovukazi kuhlala egumbini umndeni. Ngokusho kwenye legend, uTamara, uzizwa ukunganeliseki amaSulumane abangakwazi desecrate ethuneni, bacela nemingcwabo imfihlo. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi umzimba uphumule in the Holy Cross Monastery (Palestine). It kuvela ukuthi uJehova walizwa isifiso sakhe, ukufihla izinto okuthiwa zingcwele.

ESontweni Lobu-Orthodox, Queen uTamara chasiselwe saint. Day of Remembrance we isitayela esisha ewela Meyi 14.

Kukholakala ukuthi lapho ukuhlupheka, usizi likhula emhlabeni, yena evuswa futhi iza ukusiza abantu ukuze bathole induduzo yabo.

Ukukholelwa KuNkulunkulu, ukuhlakanipha, ukuthobeka - kulezo zici lapho uTamara idale isimiso sezomnotho nezombangazwe Georgia. Yiqiniso wayo ukuthuthukiswa kusekelwe abanye abantu, kanye nokulingana ubudlova. Akekho isigwebo sokufa engakaze eyenziwa phakathi neminyaka kokubusa kwakhe. Weshumi kahulumeni izimali uTamara wanika abampofu. usizo kwalo ukhishwa Orthodox amasonto ezweni zezindela.

Amazwi okugcina wathi kuNkulunkulu, okungekho ukuphathisa Georgia, abantu, izingane zabo futhi ngokwabo kuKristu.