Amaphilisi Cephalosporins: uhlu. Incazelo zonke izizukulwane cephalosporins kusukela 1st 5

Elinye iqembu kwamaphilisi ephumelela kakhulu - cephalosporins ke. Babona babesalokhu phakathi nekhulu lama-20, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva wathola eziningi imikhiqizo emisha. Sekuvele kukhona ezinhlanu izizukulwane kwama-antibiotic. Okuvame kakhulu cephalosporins amaphilisi. Bayaphumelela impela ezifeni eziningi futhi kahle ibekezelelwe ngisho izingane ezincane. Bayise kahle, futhi ngokuvamile kuba odokotela abazikhethele ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwanayo.

I zomlando ukuthuthukiswa leli qembu kwamaphilisi

Ngisho ku 40s of Italian usosayensi Broads kwekhulu lama-20 lapho sitadisha-typhoid ukhunta wathola banezimfanelo umsebenzi elwa namagciwane. Yena afakazelwe ngempumelelo kokubili ngokumelene igremu-HIV futhi igremu-negative amagciwane. Kamuva usosayensi behlukene yalolu ketshezi isikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi cephalosporin C. On osekelwe kuyo zadalwa namagciwane ezihlanganiswe cephalosporin iqembu. Kwakumelwe amelana penicillins futhi waqala zisetshenziswe ezimweni lapho penicillin akuzange kusize kwaba ayizwakali. Umuthi wokuqala baleli qembu "tsefaloridinom".

Manje kukhona izizukulwane ezinhlanu cephalosporins, ekuhlanganiseni izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-50. amalungiselelo Eminye esekelwe fungal osungulwe futhi semi zokwenziwa ejenti okuyizinto uzinze futhi babe spectrum ezibanzi yesenzo.

Asebenza kanjani la elwa namagciwane?

Cephalosporin umphumela elwa namagciwane kusekelwe ikhono lazo ukubhubhisa enzyme ukuthi zakha isisekelo ulwelwesi cell kwamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ziyasebenza kuphela ngokumelene zikhula futhi ezifanelekayo ukufuya nezilwanyana ezincane. Amalungiselelo wokuqala ezimbili izizukulwane baphumelela staphylococcal futhi streptococcal ukutheleleka, kodwa libhujiswa beta-lactamases ezivezwa Gram-negative amagciwane. Kwakamuva izizukulwane izidakamizwa lapho main asebenzayo izidakamizwa ezikhishwe ukhunta, neyaseNtshonalanga ukuba zokwenziwa izinto, baba omdala ophumelelayo. Zisetshenziswa eziningi izifo, kodwa afakazelwe ayizwakali ngokumelene stafilokkok futhi streptococci.

Ukwahlukaniswa cephalosporins

Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi izidakamizwa ngemacembu ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ezahlukene: ku nomkhakha we isinyathelo lempumelelo noma Imodi yokuphathwa. Kodwa ngezigaba evamile iningi iinzala zabo:

- isizukulwane sokuqala imithi elwa namagciwane eyatholakala ku-60 ekhulwini 20. Lokhu "Cephalexin", "Cefazolin", "cefadroxil" nabanye. Manje kufanele izinhlobo eziningi analogue yokukhululwa: ngesimo imijovo, amaphilisi, amaphilisi noma ukumiswa;

- isizukulwane kwamaphilisi yesibili livikela kakhulu beta-lactamase. Cephalosporins avame ukusetshenziswa amaphilisi ezinjalo, "Cefuroxime axetil" futhi "Cefaclor";

- kwesizukulwane sesithathu kukhona "Cefixime", "ceftibuten", "cefotaxime" nabanye;

- esizukulwaneni sesine njengoba kukhona imijovo kuphela. Ziyakwazi kakade amelana beta-lactamases futhi babe spectrum ezibanzi umsebenzi ngokumelene amagciwane Gram-HIV. Lokhu "Tsefipim" futhi "cefpirome";

- usanda kuthola cephalosporins 5 izizukulwane. Ngo amaphilisi, nazo okwamanje, kodwa umjovo le mithi abhekwa kakhulu ngempumelelo ezifweni eziningi.

Ububanzi cephalosporins

Le mithi ziyasebenza ngempela, kodwa hhayi wonke amagciwane ukungenwa umthelela wabo. Cephalosporins zingase zingabi usizo ngokumelene enterococci, pneumococci, Listeria, Pseudomonas, i-chlamydia kanye mycoplasma. Kodwa kulula zokwelapha lezi zifo:

- cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, nezinye izifo we nezinso;

- Strep emphinjeni;

- ezithathelwanayo engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula isifo;

- abezindaba otitis;

- sinusitis;

- oyingozi futhi ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini;

- isipatsholo;

- Shigellosis;

- imihuzuko;

Ziyakwazi ngempumelelo nokuvimbela izifo nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Imiphumela emibi le mithi

amaphilisi Cephalosporins ibekezelelwe ngempela kalula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela besisu ubuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa yisisu. Lapho umjovo amalungiselelo zingasebenzisa esivuthayo ukusabela ukuvuvukala endaweni yokukhuleka umjovo. Ngokuvamile cephalosporins ziphansi esinobuthi ibekezelelwe kahle ngisho izingane ezincane. Njengazo zonke namagciwane, bangakwazi baxabane nomzimba, iziyaluyalu kwesibindi nezinso. Kungenzeka futhi ukushintsha isithombe igazi. Ngokuvamile, parenteral ukwelashwa cephalosporin uqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela endaweni isikhungo sokwelapha. Imithelela eseceleni ezimweni ezinjalo zingagwenywa. Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa okufanayo sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya, ezisetshenziswa amaphilisi cephalosporins, kubalulekile ukuba ngokuqinile ukugcina imiyalelo nokudla izidakamizwa ezengeziwe ukuze kuvikelwe dysbiosis. Yingakho le mithi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuzimela ngaphandle udokotela.

Kungani ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa amaphilisi cephalosporins

Inani le nkinga linendima ebalulekile. Phela, awudingi ukuthenga imijovo eyengeziwe kanye nezixazululo, ukukhokhela izinsiza yezisebenzi zokwelapha. Tablets Inkambo yokwelashwa ngalinye angathengwa ruble angu-50 kuya ku-250, kuyinto ukumiswa ezibizayo - mayelana 500.

Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi umphumela ngokwengqondo. Iziguli eziningi, ikakhulukazi izingane, kakhulu sensitive yokuthi lomjovo ukuphi.

Lapho imijovo zingenzeka ukusabela ukuvuvukala wendawo. Yingakho abaningi ngokuvamile indlela yokwelapha ezilandelanayo isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, uma ushintshela umzila ngemlomo ngaloko lokusandza kwenteka ekuphathweni ekuthuthukiseni isimo lesiguli. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi umkhuba ezingane. Futhi ngokuvamile ekwelapheni izingane zivama ukusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile zifana nokuthela cephalosporins amaphilisi. Lokhu kuyafaneleka kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo omnene. Kodwa noma kunjalo kubalulekile ancike iseluleko udokotela. Kuphela onguchwepheshe angakwazi ukubona ukuthi unayo esisiza kuleli cala, i-cephalosporin.

Yokusetshenziswa

Tablets noma amaphilisi, okuyinto zikhishwa, alama-antibiotic kufanele odakiwe ngokuqinile ngesiphakamiso udokotela.

Ngokuvamile uqoke umuntu omdala 1 igremu zomuthi njalo ngemva kwamahora 6-12. Izingane umthamo ofanayo ibalwa ngokuvumelana isisindo futhi uyinike umuthi akuyona izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngosuku. Ukuze kube lula amaphilisi nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa ekhiqizwa nge strip kuhlukane, futhi usulubha nojamu ukumiswa ukuthi abe ukunambitheka emnandi. Kuleli fomu le cephalosporins ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinganeni. Ungayisebenzisi le mithi kuphela izinsana ezingaphansi kuka izinyanga 3. Ngokuvamile, Yiqiniso nqubo yokwelapha ithatha izinsuku 7-10, kodwa kuncike isimo lesiguli. Ngokuvamile, ngemva ngcono kuyadingeka ukuze uqhubeke ukuthatha izidakamizwa izinsuku 2-3. Kungcono ukuba isiphuzo imithi emva kokudla, kungcono ugxile cephalosporin amaphilisi. Imiyalelo libuye lixwayise ngokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingeka bathathe antifungals nezidakamizwa ngokumelene dysbiosis.

Cephalosporins izizukulwane ezintathu zokuqala

Kuye wafunda, eside uye wasebenzisa futhi basakaza nemithi. Abaningi babo khona ngeendlela ezihlukeneko:

- powder for isixazululo umjovo;

- e powder ukulungiselela slurry;

- Amaphilisi;

- amaphilisi equkethe ngemithamo ehlukene isithako esisebenzayo;

- isiraphu izingane.

Zonke lezi izidakamizwa bavame lomisiwe ukwelapha izifo sibi elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, ngomgudu womchamo, isikhumba kanye izicubu zomzimba ezithambile. Kusukela ngowokuqala wesithathu isizukulwane alama-antibiotic okungukuthi waphawula kakhudlwana umsebenzi ngokumelene Gram-negative bacterium, kodwa Gram-HIV amagciwane maningi amelana nabo. Eyokuqala isizukulwane alama-antibiotic, ngaphandle imithi abamagama ngokucacile zibonisa yabo sokusebenzisana zihlanganisa "Biodroksil" Kefleks "," Palitreks "," Sefrou "futhi" Soleksin. "Cephalosporin 2nd isizukulwane amaphilisi kakhulu ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa, kusukela zabo eziphakemeyo kahle elihlangene ne ezinhle tolerability. The best-aziwayo izidakamizwa ezifana "Zinnat", "Supraks", "Aksosef" Zinoksimor "futhi" Tseklor ". Esanda kutholakala eseqala ukuveza amaphilisi antibiotic-cephalosporins isizukulwane 3rd. Bona kungatholakala ngaphansi amagama anjalo: "Oreloks", "Tsedeks" nabanye. Bekuyaye yabo kakhulu elisetshenziswa umkhuba ezingane.

cephalosporins yesimanje

Imithi elwa namagciwane yaleli qembu eziphathelene izizukulwane 4th futhi 5, esanda kutholakala. Ziyakwazi imithi elwa namagciwane semi zokwenziwa babe spectrum ezibanzi yesenzo.

Nakuba le mithi asetshenziswa kuphela ngomjovo, okungukuthi basebenzela indlela engcono. Ososayensi abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibhebhe cephalosporins matasa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo. "Maxipime" "Cefepime," "Izodepom", "Kite", "Ladef", "Movizar" nabanye: kwesizukulwane sesine izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivame kakhulu asetshenziswa. Zonke asetshenziswa esibhedlela ukwelapha yizifo eziyingozi. Okusanda Sekube antibiotic 5th isizukulwane - "Tseftozolan" futhi "ceftobiprole Medokaril". Babezimisele ngisho ngempumelelo ngaphezulu ngokumelene iningi nezilwanyana ezincane eyaziwa.