American Indian-Mohawk. Umlando namasiko wesizwe

Iroquois - abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezimaphakathi-United States nase-Canada. Leli qembu ezinhlanga ezithile kuwubulungisa odumile kungasho neze kuphela ukubonakala kwawo engavamile, kodwa futhi umlando ezithakazelisayo nasesikweni lamaJuda. Namhlanje ukukunikeza ohambweni oluthakazelisayo ezibilinini kwangempela le Lakes Omkhulu , futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana indlela yokuphila lwendabuko American Indian mohawk.

Uyini INhlangano Iroquois?

Kucatshangwa e 1570, kwakubikwa amadlelandawonye Iroquois ngokuthi iNhlangano Haudenosaunee. Ekuqaleni, le mfundo kuhlanganisiwe izizwe amahlanu Oneida, mohawk, cayuga, Onondaga noSeneca. Kamuva, ngo-1770, ukuze ujoyine iNhlangano Haudenosaunee isizwe Tuscarora axoshwe ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-United States (manje Eastern Carolina).

Ngenxa eduze oxhumana ubuzwe, amasiko kanye nomphakathi wabo bonke laba amaqembu, futhi kwakukhona amaNdiya Iroquois. incazelo yobuhlanga ngeke kwenziwe ngaphandle izici izizwana bajoyine Haudenosaunee League. Ngakho-ke, sibuka esizweni ngasinye ngaphezulu.

Oneida Tribe

Oneida - lesizwe sabantwana Iroquois League. Ekuqaleni, abayinzalo yakhe wahlala enkabeni yeNew York, futhi ngalesosikhathi zijwayeza ezweni e Wisconsin enyakatho-mpumalanga (eduze Green Bay). "Muntu itshe kulungisiwe" - ngakho bazibiza ngamunye baphuma Oneida isizwe Indian, le Iroquois. Umlando igama ihlobene isiko lendawo. Ngokusho yetinsita in the maphakathi nalesi sigodi main Oneida njalo wabeka imbokodo esikhulu esibomvu. Leli tshe waba uphawu ebalulekile yesizwe.

mohawk Tribe

Mohawk (mohawk noma) - North American Indian isizwe eziphilayo ezindaweni esempumalanga eNew York State. I Haudenosaunee League leli qembu libizwa ngokuthi "abagcini umnyango empumalanga." Namuhla magavki - lena isizwe eziningi kunazo zonke ezinye izincwadi Iroquois umbimbi. Manje bahlala ezifundazweni Ontario futhi Quebec (Canada).

Oxhumana nabo kuqala esizweni baseYurophu mohawk senzeka ngo 1634, lapho wagibela phansi American Dutch. Mohawk Iroquois phambi kwezinye baqala ukuhweba nge baseYurophu.

Owesizwe mohawk babe ezifana Ubuntu adumile njengoba Dzhozef Brant (isikhulu kwi-British Army, owayevelele ngesikhathi American Revolutionary War), Kateri Tekakwitha (Holy LamaRoma Katolika) kanye Polin Dzhonson (abadumile actress Canadian futhi umbhali).

cayuga Tribe

Cayuga isizwe ekuqaleni wayehlala endaweni cayuga Lake phakathi kwezizwe zala uSeneca futhi Onondaga. Namuhla inzalo yabo bahlala esifundeni sase-Ontario (Canada) futhi Perrysburg (eNew York, eU.SA).

Ongowokuzalwa cayuga isizwe kuyinto Harry Farmer - ". Dead Man" nomdlali odumile Canadian, owaba sibonga elidume movie "Amaphoyisa Academy" futhi

Onondaga isizwe

North American abameleli tribal Onondaga bazibiza "abantu wezintaba." Ekuqaleni, abantu babebahlonipha endaweni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-State of New York. Kodwa ngemva Olusheshayo besizwe United States zaxoshwa kula mazwe futhi sahlala izingxenye Ontario (Canada).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iNhlangano Onondaga Haudenosaunee isizwe bekhonza 'njengobupristi obungcwele abazalwane enkulu ", ie. E. Labetibambile izikhundla ehamba phambili eSoviet Union.

Seneca Tribe

Natives besizwe uSeneca bazibiza "abantu entabeni." Manje lokhu abantu ophila ogwini uSeneca Lake, etholakala eningizimu Ontario noMfula Genese enkabeni yeNew York. Ekuqaleni, uSeneca usesikhundleni nsimu enkulu esuka eNew York elibangise Pennsylvania.

Kusukela umlando wesizwe

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XI Iroquois matasa insimu enkulu phakathi komfula St Lawrence River kanye Lake Ontario. Kwaphela isikhathi eside babehlala imvelo algonkinoyazychnyh izizwe (Ojibwa, ziphepho, Algonquins) futhi elwa njalo ngoba izwe labo.

Oxhumana abaseduze INhlangano Iroquois zigcinwe ne-Dutch. abathengisi European wathenga ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala maffin izikhumba futhi esikhundleni enikeziwe nabo nezibhamu. Uma wonke ama-beaver endaweni ephakathi komfula St Lawrence River neLake Ontario uchitheke, Dutch babegwedla Iroquois ukuze uthwebule ezweni elisha. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ekuqaleni okuthiwa Beaver Izimpi. Ngo-1660, i-Iroquois waqala ngezindlela eziphansi ukuze ahlasele okusha France. Lo muzi uye wasekela amakoloni yayo, ukuze izizwe North American baqala ukuhlupheka ukuhlulwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabutho British athumba koloni Dutch of New Netherland, ukusika Iroquois yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo.

Ngo 1688, kwagqashuka impi phakathi ifa IsiZulu phakathi France, Britain. Kule mpi, le Iroquois babe ohlangothini leBritain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izizwe zakwa-North American ukuba babasekele French futhi Indian neMpi. Lezi zingxabano ezimbili zishintshile ngokuphelele ukulingana kwamandla kulelivekati. I Iroquois babé bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni esinazo ngokuhlinzeka izingalo zisuka eNgilandi.

I Iroquois e American Revolutionary War

Ngo 1775 waqala American Revolutionary War. Kule mpi, ubuhanjelwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, United Kingdom kanye loyalists (ie qotho uhulumeni waseBrithani ..), Futhi ngakolunye - 13 amakoloni waseBrithani. Iningi amaNdiya phakathi nempi wakhuthaza hlangothi. Omkhulu Haudenosaunee League Council futhi ekuqaleni abazange bathathe hlangothi. Nokho, ngo-1777, i-Iroquois babe ohlangothini Enkulu YaseBrithani. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi eNgilandi Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko izingalo umphakeli zakwa-North American. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaphathi baleli koloni wamenqabela ukwenza abomdabu zabo ukuze kungene entshonalanga Insimu Appalachian Izintaba ukugwema liphambana amaNdiya.

Ngemva kwempi, United Kingdom wanika ezweni Iroquois ngaphansi kolawulo US. Ngalesi sikhathi Haudenosaunee League abasekho. Ingxenye Iroquois waya enyakatho - ezweni okunikeze umqhele British ngokuseseka kwawo empini. Ezinye izizwe isigamu Haudenosaunee League wahlala endaweni New York.

Umnotho kanye lempilo American Iroquois

Ngakho, indlela aphila ngayo futhi wahola impilo elula Indian-Mohawk? Izici isiko zezizwe North American owayehlala Lakes, kwakheka ngaphansi kwethonya iziphi izici zangaphandle. Insimu eyayihlala Iroquois, ayenziwe phezu crests zezintaba. Lezi amazwe zambozwa amahlathi emvula aminyene futhi ezungezwe emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Isimo sezulu ziye zabangela wemboni ethile sezizwe zakwa-North American.

I Iroquois babehlala ezindlini ezinkulu ivulekile - ovachirah. Zazakhiwe simise elingunxande nge uphahla emgqonyeni emise.

Isivuno main kwaba izizwe ummbila. Ummbila Amasimu bahlale ezindaweni ezinkulu (kufika ku-9 km engaba). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Iroquois kutshalwa ubhontshisi ithanga.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-18-ke ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni lempi noboya ukuhweba. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukuvala oxhumana nabo kanye ukuhweba nabakhi bamakoloni. BaseYurophu izizwe North American wakha maffin befuna isikhumba, ayesetshenziselwa ukwenziwa izigqoko noboya. umsebenzi Agricultural, njengoba umthetho, wahlanganyela kuphela abesifazane.

Impilo zombusazwe Iroquois

Ngo impilo zezombusazwe zalo izizwe zakwa-North American esesikhundleni evelele Haudenosaunee League. Amalungu ayo Bekulindeleke ukuba silondoloze ukuthula phakathi kwabo. Headed League oPhethe Chiefs, ehlanganisa sachems 50. Amalungu ayo lazo likhethwa abanye omama kokubeletha. Council Regulation okuxoxwe ngokwehlukana esizweni ngasinye, bese wenza isinqumo ngazwilinye. umholi ngamunye angase Veto iyiphi sinqumo. Isinqumo wokuqala woMkhandlu waxoxa Mohawks ke - Seneca futhi Oneida, futhi yakamuva - cayuga futhi Onondaga.

Zonke imithetho namasiko zezizwe Haudenosaunee League zalotshwa "incwadi yomthetho Omkhulu." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi US uMthethosisekelo ukuthi abalingisa kule dokhumenti.

Ngokuhlelwa komphakathi zezizwe North American

Iyunithi eyinhloko kudivayisi zomphakathi Iroquois wazalwa, okwakubekelwa iholwa wesifazane. Amalungu ayo banobunikazi lilonke leli zwe futhi umhlaba wokulima. clan Bobabili lab 'igama elithile lomkhaya. Ngokuvamile, it kwakuhambisana nezinga igama isilwane. Zonke izinhlobo abesifazane abangu bahileleke ibhodi ukulethwa. Emihlanganweni esibekiwe sachems - Chiefs Council.

Ukwakheka ingase ihlanganise izizwe kusuka 10 kuya ku-3 izizukulwane. Ngakho, ngaleso uSeneca, Onondaga futhi cayuga kwakukhona 8, kuyilapho mohawk futhi Oneida - 3.

ukubukeka Iroquois

Ejwayelekile American Indian-mohawk, izithombe zazo lapha ngenzansi, okuhlukile kokuvamile namuhla, Akazange ayigqoke izinwele "mohawk". Abesilisa abaholi bendabuko, njengoba umthetho, waphucula ngokuphelele izinwele. Kwasala kuphela encane "ekhanda Ilokhi".

Nenkani umbono Iroquois wathatha phakathi nomkhankaso wempi kanye nemikhosi yenkolo enkulu kuphela. Zezinwele ukuthi kancane kuphela owawufana ethandwa namuhla ebeka amasosha ababefaka isizwe Onondaga. Basuke waziphuca ngokuphelele izinwele, kusale kuphela Esiqeshaneni kanye maphakathi ikhanda, okuyinto ke aluka ku eluka.

imibono yenkolo

Ekuqaleni, isisekelo inkolo kwaba totemism Iroquois - inkolelo izilwane kwemvelo. Izilwane ziye zakhonza njengabavangeli eponyms bohlobo Ukuvikelwa imisebenzi phakathi nempi, axhasa ezolimo nokuzingela. Ngokwesibonelo, mohawk, uya empini, ethwele nabo izingalo ne main isithombe totem isizwe.

Lezi namahlelo muva yazuza ukubaluleka kwezohwebo. I Iroquois wayekholelwa ukuthi isizwe udinga ukuzingela totem yabo isilwane. Ngokuqondene nalokhu bemthanda amaNdiya North American esetshenziswa yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi bear.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-ukuphila benkolo bangaleso Iroquois ukubaluleka atholwe namahlelo wezolimo. Izizwe bakhuleka nezwe ohlonishwayo daruyuschuyu esiqinisa inhliziyo yomuntu. Ethandwa kakhulu kwaba yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi 'abathathu nodadewethu-abahlengikazi "- Izivuno eziyinhloko (ummbila, ubhontshisi kanye Ugalonci).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Iroquois ngaphambi ezinye izizwe North American bangqubuzana nge imfundiso yobuKristu. ekugcineni inkolo yaseYurophu kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabo. Okwamanje, Iroquois Christian.

Ubuciko nempi Iroquois

Ngemva kumiswa iNhlangano Haudenosaunee amandla ezempi izizwe ngaphambilini disparate zanda kakhulu. Ngaphambi izingalo contact European Iroquois lalinabashumayeli iminsalo nemicibisholo, imikhonto nemishiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babevame izihlangu yokhuni ukuvikela umzimba, ikhanda kanye imilenze iqhawe. Qala ukuhweba matasa Dutch kwaholela ezinguqukweni empilweni lempi izizwe North American.

BaseYurophu ngibanika izibhamu imimese. Nokho, kule mikhuba kungukuthi ngokushesha esikhundleni ijwayelekile Iroquois izivikelo (khothama umcibisholo). Ukwethulwa nezibhamu kwaholela ukwenqaba amapulangwe sokhuni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi le Iroquois futhi waqala ukusebenzisa amaqhinga amasha empini - ihlakaza inqubo enkundleni yempi.

I Iroquois zazithuthuke ngaphezulu ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali kwemikhiqizo emisha kunamanye izizwe North American. Lokhu baba neqhaza elikhulu eduze ukuhweba oxhumana nabeLungu.