Amacala omvelo njengenye yemigomo yomthetho wezemvelo

Namuhla, enye yezinkinga eziphuthumayo ezidinga isisombululo esheshayo ukulondolozwa kokuvikeleka kwemvelo yezwe. Amacala ezenzakale, inqubekelaphambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwanda komthelela we-anthropogenic akugcini nje ekuhoxiseni izinsiza. Impilo yabantu (ekuziphatheni nasemzimbeni) iyawohloka, izindinganiso zobuhle zilahlekile, umzabalazo wezindawo zokuhlala uphuthumayo.

ERussia, ukungcola kwemvelo yemvelo kuyisezingeni eliphezulu elivumelekile. Ngokwezibalo zezibalo, isilinganiso seminyaka yabantu siyancipha minyaka yonke. Insana ngayinye yeshumi ihlushwa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo noma ngokomzimba okwenzeka ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo. Kuzo zonke izifunda zezimboni, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu ibhekene nezifo zomzimba ezizimele nezizimele ezihambisana nezimo zokuphila ezingenelisekile.

Ngokuphathelene nalesi simo, umthwalo wemvelo nezomthetho wezakhamuzi kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho kuqala. Leli gama lisho umthwalo wempahla wangempela wokungcola kwemvelo, umonakalo empilweni, ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo, ukubhujiswa noma ukulimala kwemithombo yemvelo, ukubhujiswa kwemvelo.

Ikhodi yeRussia yemithetho iqukethe incazelo ecacile kakhulu yomqondo "weziphambeko zemvelo". Leli gama lenye imisebenzi engekho emthethweni ephula imithetho yemvelo eyenza ukulimaza noma ukulimaza imvelo, impilo, izithakazelo zemvelo noma amalungelo ezakhamuzi noma jur. Abantu.

Ngokusungula umthwalo wokuhlukumeza ukulingana kwemvelo, izenzo ezehlukene zomthetho zisebenzisa amagama ahlukene, okusho "ukwephulwa kwemvelo". Isibonelo, uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo ukhuluma ngenxephezelo yengozi ebangelwa izenzo ezingekho emthethweni. UMthethosisekelo ubeka ilungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwa imisebenzi enjalo.

Izingxenye zegama elithi "ukwephulwa kwemvelo" yizi:

• ukuwohloka kwemvelo okubangelwa imisebenzi engekho emthethweni;

• ukuhlekisa okulungile komthetho, okubonakalayo noma okungaqondakali, kubandakanya. Impahla yabakhamuzi, impilo yabo;

• Ukungcoliswa, ukuchithwa, ukuqothulwa noma ukungaqondisi, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezinsiza;

• Ukungabi nzuzo okungatholakala. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu kubalimi abavame ukuqoqa isitshalo esihleliwe ngenxa yokuwohloka kwesimo semvelo somhlabathi, amanzi, umoya.

Umthetho wakamuva waseRussia wethula umqondo wokulimala kokuziphatha kokuhlukunyezwa kwemvelo. Kungabandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha mayelana nokuhluleka ukuqhubeka nendlela yokuphila yokuphila, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, noma ukuveza umuzwa wokuhlupheka ngokomzimba ngenxa yesifo esiye sabangelwa ukuphazamiseka esimweni semvelo. Izimangalo ezinjalo manje zibhekwa njengokuphulwa kwesokudla endaweni enempilo.

Ukuze kulungiswe umthwalo wabantu ngokuhlukumeza kwemvelo, umthetho weRussian Federation ufaka umqondo "wezifundo zomthetho wezemvelo". Ziqondakala njengabantu bonke (ngokomzimba nangokomthetho) abahilelekile ekuhlotsheni kwezemvelo. Umthetho ubeka amalungelo kanye nemisebenzi yawo.

Kukhona nomqondo "wezinto zomthetho wezemvelo". Lokhu kufaka hlangana ne-subsoil, inhlabathi, umoya, umkhathi, imithombo yamanzi, izitshalo, imfuyo.

Umthetho unikeza ukuthi umqondo "wezinto zomthetho wezemvelo" usebenza nasezinqolobaneni, izikhumbuzo zemvelo, amapaki, izindawo zokulondolozwa, izindawo ezingcwele, njll.

Izici zobudlelwane bomthetho wezemvelo, ngakho-ke, incazelo yombono "weziphambeko zemvelo" incike ezintweni zemvelo ezivela kuzo.