Ye-Brix - wukuthi enhlanganweni? Ukwakheka kanye injongo ye-Brix

-BRICS - inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ochwepheshe yesimanje njengabaphansi ethembisa kakhulu ngokuya nokubambisana kwezomnotho kanye mhlawumbe zezombusazwe phakathi kwamazwe yayo ilungu. Lapho nokuxhumana uthi kohlaka kwalesi sibopho iyona esebenzayo kakhulu? Ayini amathemba for edonsa amazwe angeziwe?

-BRICS: ezicashile igama

-BRICS - kuhlanganise owaziwa futhi onethonya kakhulu, ngokusho kongoti eziningi, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe. Kunesinye isici ezithakazelisayo we-BRICS - emagama. Okujabulisayo futhi umlando nomsuka walo isifinyezo. Elikumelelayo, yebo, ilula. Kodwa okokuqala kudingeka lihunyushelwe olimini lendabuko. Isifushaniso esithi yasekuqaleni kuzwakala lo-BRICS. Incwadi ngayinye - ngowokuqala esihlokweni ezweni ngalinye-BRICS. Uhlu uthi okuqondene Union, njengoba kulandela:

- Brazil (Brazil);

- IsiRashiya (Russia);

- India (India) ;

- China (China);

- Republic of South Africa (South African Republic).

Ngakho, inhlangano okukhulunywa ngakho, yakha ezifundazwe ezinhlanu.

Kodwa ekuqaleni kwakukhona 4. isifinyezo e version yayo yokuqala kusungulwe Jim O'Neill - Economist Melika Goldman Sachs. Ukushicilela omunye imibhalo ye yasebhange 2001, wasebenzisa emelela Bric esisho izizwe eziphambili asathuthuka, ezazihilela okukhulunywa yithi ngenhla, ngaphandle yaseNingizimu Afrika. Jim esabiwe, ngakho-Brazil, Russia, India neChina njengezwe, okungaba inzuzo ukutshala ngenxa ukukhula yabo okusheshayo kwezomnotho.

Uhulumeni emazweni akhethiwe, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi abaningi, ngokwezinga elithile, wancoma umbono uchwepheshe we Goldman Sachs futhi baba njalo ukuxhumana ngendaba yokuthola maqiniso ababevumelana ngawo ukuze intuthuko yomnotho. Kusukela 2006, ngokusho version enwetshiwe ngokusuka uVladimir Putin sika, umhlangano phakathi izinhloko isimo Bric, kanye ne iqhaza izikhulu eziphezulu lala mazwe yayiqhutshwa njalo. Ngo-2011, kanye Bric emelela (ngokuqondene tekuhlangana amandla ukuthi zakha inhlangano, ne-Republic of South Africa) emaphephandabeni izwe libe khona ngokuvamile babonakala izwi ezahlukene --BRICS. Sokuqonda izwe, imakwe Jim O'Neill ke iNingizimu Afrika futhi wahlela ngokuphelele. Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe izinhlamvu akusho lutho ngokuya kwethonya elilodwa noma kwelinye izwe - it is okhethiweyo sisekelwe eenkambisweni ka euphony.

lezisekelo yenhlangano

-BRICS - yinhlangano phakathi kwemibuso, kodwa akuyona ngokusemthethweni isakhiwo besimanje, njengama-NATO noma UN. Akanayo iphuzu elilodwa ebalulekile, indlunkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibizwa ngokuthi njalo "inhlangano." Phakathi ngokubambisana izenzakalo ezivelele, ezihilela wonke amazwe ayengawabantwana zakha inhlangano, - BRICS lelibukene esiqongweni. Imihlangano iqhutshwa emazweni angefani. Ukuhlanganisa ngesisekelo imisebenzi kulesi sakhiwo ngamazwe, njengoba sibonile ngenhla - ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho. Omunye umgomo oyinhloko ibhekene-BRICS - ukukhuthaza sesimanje amasistimu kwezomnotho emazweni asathuthuka. Ngakho-ke, izazi zikholelwa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo ngamazwe kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuze ujoyine entsha emazweni iminotho iyaguquka.

Ngakho, e-BRICS - yinhlangano, obadalwa ngenhloso yesixazululo ahlangene izinkinga i imvelo kwezomnotho. Ubukhulu zezombusazwe wokubambisana phakathi uthi kuleli qembu, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi abakukholelwayo, lubonakaliswa buthaka kakhulu. Nokho, kunamathuba sokulifunda nakakhulu nokubambisana esemazweni okuhambisanayo. Cabangela lokhu ehilelekile kabanzi.

Ubukhulu zezombusazwe wokubambisana

Empeleni, izimiso yokunquma indlela ukuze uzwakale-BRICS emelela, sokuqonda ukuthi amazwe amalungu enyunyana, ngokuyinhloko libhekene isisekelo somnotho. ukuhlanganisa State waqinisa olucutshungulwayo esekelwe yokuthi izinhlelo zabo commercial babe lezivakashi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo ithuthuka ngokushesha. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, makhulu amathemba ukuguqulwa Union ibe zezombusazwe eside lizwakalise cishe awekho abaholi balezi amandla. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isikhundla oluphethwe amakhanda emazweni e-BRICS namuhla.

Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi yokuthi Russia nase China ngandlela-thile kuphazamise isimo sezombusazwe ezweni, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi eze njalo ku-UN Security Council. Futhi yingakho - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuze nezindaba ezithinta wokubambisana ku-BRICS uzwakalise hhayi kakhulu - izazi zisanda kuhlola bezikhali Union ngokomongo zezombusazwe kuphezulu kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi ngisho namanje, isimo samanje esiteji emhlabeni amazwe we-BRICS ukwabelana izimiso ezivamile nendlela yekusombulula inkinga. Ngakho esikhathini esizayo, ochwepheshe bathi, ukubambisana phakathi uthi likasoseshini indiza zezombusazwe kungenzeka ngokwanele asebenzayo.

-BRICS umnotho

Ngamagama esikalini izinhlelo zikazwelonke nomnotho emazweni ezakha-BRICS, inhlangano - phakathi ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho, cishe u-27% womkhiqizo okhandwe yiNingizimu izwe emazweni amahlanu wafunda. Dynamics ukukhula komnotho emazweni e-BRICS, ikakhulukazi eChina, ivumela ezinye osomnotho ukuthi ingxenye ezifanele iqembu international ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe bayoqhubeka bekhula.

It may kuqashelwe ukuthi emazweni e-BRICS bakhethe amanye kwezomnotho lunye ukuthi kunomthelela yokuncintisana inzuzo eyodwa noma kwelinye izwe. Kuyinto kunalokho ezivamile, kodwa ngokuyinhloko ibonisa isakhiwo eqondile indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho kazwelonke. Ikakhulukazi, emnothweni Russian sinamandla ngezithukuthuku ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, amaShayina - ngezithukuthuku umkhakha, India - sibonga izinsiza bokusungula, Brazil - ngenxa ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo, South Africa - njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-WaseRussia, esenziwa imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile.

Nokho, zonke amazwe we-BRICS abe isimiso sezomnotho ngokwanele okuhlukahlukene. Ngakho, cishe bonke of them, hhayi kuphela e-China, ukuthuthukiswa isiqoqi sama-softwe. Brazil - omunye emhlabeni abaholi emkhakheni civil izindiza, i-Russia - omunye Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni izingalo abathuthi, inani elikhulu iphesenti okuyinto ekhiqizwa zisekelwe yakamuva ubuchwepheshe.

Amazwe okuqondene Association kubhekwe, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi abakukholelwayo, ongamelana ngokuphumelelayo nesimo esibucayi. Ngokwesibonelo, komnotho ngowezi-2008-2009, okuyinto ethintekile eziningi zomhlaba, hhayi kakhulu evelele nomthelela, njengoba ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi emnothweni we ezinhlanu emazweni e-BRICS. Ngamunye kuyo, ikakhulukazi, maduze ngokwanele ukubuyisela GDP yayo, okuyinto ngesikhathi kunezinkinga, kanye esimweni emazweni asethuthukile kunqatshelwe.

Phakathi kwezinto enhle kakhulu ukuthi bangaba abalulekile kakhulu ukuba umnotho wezwe, ochwepheshe ukhombe inhloso amazwe we-BRICS ukudala ebhange elisha international, okuyinto ngaphansi kwesandla sayo ngokuqondile kwamazwe e inyunyana.

Ngamagama kwezomnotho, kwalolu mbimbi manje, abahlaziyi bathi, ukwenze ezweni lanamuhla multipolar. Kukhona umholi-aspect ukwenaba isimo sezomnotho --United States. Nokho, amathuma kwezomnotho akuzona ephakeme kakhulu kunalabo iningi lamazwe babhekwa inhlangano. -BRICS - izwe nge GDP izigidigidi zama-dollar. Isibalo esiphelele sabo bonke uthi - cishe njengendlu iyona umnotho US. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi nakwentiwa silinganiso isimiso sezomnotho ngokuhlanganisa izwe elilodwa - China - akuyona kunabayeni US.

Cabanga imininingwane Positioning indima yayo ithi obumba-BRICS. Ukwakheka lokhu kuhambisana ludaluliwe ngenhla. It okungukuthi-Brazil, Russia, India, China neNingizimu Afrika. Izici ngayinye uthi ethize ukuze indlela labahlanganyela ngayo imisebenzi ye wafunda isakhiwo ngamazwe.

Amathemba India

Ngokusho abanye abahlaziyi, India wangena union ngenhloso wesimanje uhlelo lwayo kazwelonke kwezomnotho. Njengoba azi, e-90 eminyakeni uhulumeni kwalowo State bamukela inqubomgomo ye kwezomnotho kabusha, ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza, ukuqaliswa elwisana nenkohlakalo izinyathelo. esikalini, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, azimele kwenziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, India manje - kwezinkulu kunazo iminotho izwe ngokwalo GDP. Ngenxa ngokubambisana neNhlangano ye-BRICS, izwe likwazi ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi okuhlangenwe nakho emazweni umlingani.

izithakazelo China

Inhlangano ye-BRICS, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi abakukholelwayo, ungumholi osobala isici umnotho. Sikhuluma China. Ngempela, China namuhla - wesibili emva United States umnotho emhlabeni. Liqhubeka likhula ngokushesha. Nokho, yize uhulumeni waseChina ifinyelele impumelelo undoubted ekuthuthukisweni komnotho isimo, izwe uku njalo zifunana abalingani okunokwethenjelwa enkundleni yomhlaba. Omunye amathuluzi ukusungula oxhumana esithembisayo China kungenzeka nje inhlangano efanayo-BRICS. Ngebhayisikili zokuxhumana ezifanele, China, abahlaziyi bathi, ithola izimakethe ezintsha zemikhiqizo izimpahla, nabaphakeli Esinokwethenjelwa of izinto zokusetshenziswa, ikhono zimali.

Indima South Africa

South Africa - ezweni njengelinye lamazwe kwezomnotho ezinethonya kunazo ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Nokho, ukuze isimo ezweni elithuthukile kulinganiselwa ngochwepheshe abaningi njengoba nedotyagivaet kancane. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi iqhaza-BRICS yezwe kungenzeka omunye iziteshi kungenzeka ngcono ukukhula komnotho ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza sici eziphambili kakhulu kule isici ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho States. Ukuxoxa emazweni e-BRICS, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe, isivele iphethwe ukudlala indima eqakathekileko ekwakheni Dynamics omuhle ukuthuthukisa izindawo eziningi komnotho wase Ningizimu Afrika, abatshali zimali nokuthola ukulinganisela kahle kule namanye amazwe.

ERussia kanye-BRICS

Russia linothile ngezinto zemvelo, kanye abalulekile, ochwepheshe njengoba abaningi becabanga kanjalo, ezingaba zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwenza izwe lethu zikhanga esikhathini isici imali emikhakheni ehlukene. Ikakhulukazi manje, lapho, ngenxa falling amanani kawoyela kanye amathemba engaqinisekile mayelana Dynamics yabo esizayo, kubalulekile kute kuhlukaniswe umnotho. Futhi,-BRICS - kuyinto emakethe enkulu Russian Federation (kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ukhiye ukuthekelisa). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ithuluzi ukuheha utshalomali, ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela ukuthi kunezinto unswinyo kungenzeka sisebenza ngokubambisana phakathi eRussia kanye namazwe aseNtshonalanga.

EBrazil-BRICS

NeBrazil, ngokusho kongoti eziningi, omunye olinganiselayo kakhulu nomkhakha we izinhlelo zikazwelonke nomnotho emazweni e-BRICS. Ukwakheka umnotho kuleli zwe sika angabhekwa ngokwanele okuhlukahlukene. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, kanye ne-engineering. Ngenxa ukuxhumana namanye amalungu e-BRICS, Brazil bangalindela ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali entsha, kanye ukuthola ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe ezimbonini yakamuva. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isipiliyoni Brazilian ekwakheni kwezomnotho imodeli nokubusa balinganisela ochwepheshe abaningi njengoba omuhle kakhulu. It bengahlala amandla, babhekana nobunzima ekuthuthukiseni kanye sesimanje ye indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho kazwelonke.

Amathemba e-BRICS

Uyini-BRICS - ngokulotshiweyo kumaphi amazwe afakiwe inhlangano - sifundile. Angakanani amathuba okuba kwenzeke lokho inkampani lifaka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzobuyekezwa nge abadlali abasha? Yini amazwe we-BRICS kungathatha? Ukuze labo ochwepheshe zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, eMexico, Indonesia ne-Iran. Emazweni e-BRICS, uhlu okuyinto sikunikeze Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ngaleyo ndlela, kungase kube khona ngamanani amakhulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyoba isimo, osomnotho ezibangelwa isigaba zasemazweni asathuthuka. Kubo ukungena kwalolu mbimbi wezizwe nje isuke ibangelwa izizathu inhloso ehlangene sesimanje emnothweni kazwelonke. Ikakhulukazi, emnothweni yesimanje Iran, njengoba izazi zikholelwa ihlangabezana nobunzima kule isici nokuxhumana amazwe. -Kuya amazwe we-BRICS ongayiqala zaso kazwelonke kwezomnotho ithuba elikhulu.

Nokho, ochwepheshe, ekuhloleni amathemba ukuqhubeka inhlangano, bavame ukugxila yokuthi ngayinye emazweni ukwakha inombolo yayo langempela nezinkinga ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, eChina, engomunye wabayishumi iminotho esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni angase asibhekene nesimo esibucayi yentuthuko zezombusazwe. Uhlelo lamakhomanisi, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, ungabhekana obuthile nokudluliswa umnotho umnotho agcwele emakethe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Brazil akuyona ixazululwe ngokugcwele lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana uhlelo zokuphatha, abanezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo. ENingizimu Afrika namanje abukwamukelanga imiphumela kobandlululo. India nayo ivikelwe kahle kakhulu kungenzeka njengzinxushunxushu zenhlalakahle (ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuphila of iningi lezakhamuzi akuzona eliphezulu kakhulu). Inkinga eyinhloko Russia, njengoba ochwepheshe bathi - nengxenye enkulu kakhulu ye wemboni eyinhloko emnothweni. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho amanani kawoyela bawile nengxenye, ruble yehliswa liqhathaniswa ne-dollar ngo-cishe ingxenye efanayo. Kabusha uhlelo Russian kazwelonke zomnotho ezinzima ngempela. Nokho, lokhu kungase kube ngokufanayo nje ukukhuthaza okwengeziwe ukuhlanganiswa komnotho yethu ezweni ne-BRICS.

Ukuthuthukiswa lesi sibopho somshado ngamazwe, ochwepheshe abaningi elihlobene ne-ukwanda zezombusazwe wokuxhumana uthi. Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi izici ezifanele nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kuze kube manje hhayi uzwakalise kakhulu. Nokho, abahlaziyi bakholelwa, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyodingeka izithakazelo kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Lokhu kungenzeka kubangelwa, ngokukhethekile, yokuthi wezwe "Big Seven" bangase babe izimbangi kule-BRICS isici ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ikakhulukazi, ngokuya ihogela ezezimali ngamazwe. Iqiniso ukuthi amazwe we-BRICS bazoya ukwakha ibhange lalo, sibonile ngenhla. It ihlose, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi abaningi, elinye ithuba izakhiwo samanje amazwe, njenge, isibonelo, iBhange Lomhlaba.