Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka: incazelo kanye esiwuphawu izici

Njengoba wazi, kukhona onobuhle ababili eziyisisekelo emnothweni: umyalo futhi emakethe. Command (kuhlelwe) umnotho libhekene uhulumeni ngqo ukulawulwa izinqubo zezomnotho ukuze emakethe libhekene kwehliswa kokungenela zokulawula emisebenzini kwezomnotho kwabahlala kuwo kuthakazelise. isikhundla Intermediate elalihlala emazweni iminotho iyaguquka. On azishiye uyoboniswa okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka - yibo njengamanje endleleni esuka imodi yokuhlela kwezolimo ukuze emakethe. Eqinisweni, lithi ezwe elaliyi -Soviet Union, lapho ngemva kokuwa imodeli emakethe ekhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, zonke amazwe ezwe elaliyi-USSR, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, Belarus - ezweni iyaguquka iminotho. Basuke izimpawu ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngemva kwesikhathi uhlelo ukuhlela crisis (eqinisweni, ngenxa ngokwehluleka kukahulumeni ukuhlelela wonke ukuphila kwezomnotho umbuso, futhi kwakukhona nokuwohloka Union), ukudalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amasha, ngcono izinga lokuphila, inkokhelo, nokuqedwa lezimpahla kusilela nokunye. Umnotho kuba evulekile ngaphezulu, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle - okusho ukuthi njengoba osomabhizinisi, izakhamizi ukuthola degree inkululeko enkulu e ekudaleni nokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi abo nabezizwe nethuba ukutshala izimali zabo etholakala izindawo kanye nezinkampani kuleli zwe .

Njengomthetho, emazweni iminotho iyaguquka amehlo kakhudlwana kusuka izinhlangano angaphandle abafisa ukwenza okuthiwa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngqo emnothweni kula mazwe. Isizathu salokhu nesithakazelo esikhulayo ukuthi kungenzeka lesi sikhundla esinemali ngaphezulu capital investment, okuyinto zingachazwa ngokusebenzisa isenzo umthetho isidingo kanye supply. Capital - yilona mthombo ofanayo, kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa nabasebenzi, okusho ukuthi kukhona emakethe, futhi intengo yayo ngamaphesenti nembuyiselo ekutshaleni imali. Yiqiniso, kule izimakethe capital eenarheni ezithuthukako, zikhona kakade ezinye enaleni yayo, okusho ukuthi isivuno salo sincane kakhulu (isibonelo, ungakwazi ukukhonza zenzalo emabhange angaphandle akuvamile idlula 3-4 per cent ngonyaka). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, e ukushoda okukhulu capital kukhona amazwe inguqulelo umnotho, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinga inzuzo amaphrojekthi utshalomali kuyoba siphezulu.

Izimpawu Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka futhi kuhlanganisa ezinye izici ezingezinhle: okusheshayo babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo, lapho umehluko phakathi kwemali ngeniso ka kwabacebile nabampofu e amashumi futhi kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokuntengantenga samanje sezombangazwe nezenhlalo, awokuthi izingxabano, amazinga wobulelesi nabanye okwandisa. Futhi uzinake ukuthi kungenzeka Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka libhekene uhlelo bengaphelele futhi engazinzile komthetho kazwelonke, okungase kube nzima ukuba ngiziqonde zimali angaphandle abakhetha amazwe uzinze nge rate engezansi ukubuya.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko uhulumeni iyaguquka kufanele kube:

Esikhathini sphere nomphakathi - ukuqinisekisa ukulingana nokuzinza, ukunciphisa lungaba ukungqubuzana enhlabathini kwezenhlalo, ukunakekela izigaba sengozini sabantu (impesheni, imifundaze, izinzuzo kwemisebenzi);

Esikhathini sphere kwezomnotho - ngcono utshalomali ukukhanga isimo, ngokuletha uhlelo esemthethweni (kufaka emkhakheni intela) ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa zimali angaphandle ngokumelene izinguquko umthetho futhi uhlelo intela isikhathi eside.