Kuyini yokwelapha adjuvant?

ukwelashwa Adjuvant izimila abulalayo kuyindlela yesimanje ukwelapha izimila nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu. Emzimbeni womuntu, nezidakamizwa ezithile iqondiswa izidakamizwa - ejenti antineoplastic okuyinto abonise umsebenzi antitumor.

izidakamizwa Chemotherapeutic nethonya elilimazayo elikhula ngokushesha amaseli ebulalayo. On yokuzalanisa omzimba ephilile womuntu ukukhiqiza kancane imithi elimazayo umphumela.

Ukwahlukana kusuka pharmacotherapy

Umehluko eliyisisekelo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ekwelapheni ejenti zokwelapha waphawula ezimbili umhlanganyeli - umuthi kanye komzimba womuntu bokuthi idinga ukuphulukiswa. yokwelapha Adjuvant kuhilela ukuphathwa yi-ejenti chemotherapeutic, ephilayo isimila aphethe libhujiswe Clone lamaseli abulalayo, alinganiselwa ezintathu izinhlangothi ingxabano.

Ukuba nobuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi izingxenye ezintathu enqubeni ukwelashwa sinenai onohlonze. Lapho ekhetha indlela yokwelapha, udokotela ngeke icabange isimo umzimba wesiguli, ubudala, degree of yangaphakathi isitho ukuzibandakanya etholwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Isazi uyazinaka izici begazi isimila, uhlobo mzimba yayo cytogenetics kanye nokunyakaza kinetic yokwanda metastases.

Ukuqhathanisa idatha inhlolovo, le oncologist yenza isinqumo ikhono ukudlulisa yokumelapha nesineke. Adjuvant yokwelapha i-chemistry iziguli babelwe bathole ithuba ukulwa isimila izindlela inoperable, noma isetshenziswe njengekhubalo indlela nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa ezengeziwe.

Imisebenzi eyabelwe ukwelashwa

yokwelapha Adjuvant indlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele aqede, kumbe ekuhlabela umdlavuza kakhulu kuvimbela Ukudlulela nolaka Clone amaseli ngenkathi esikhiqiza umphumela kancane elimazayo emzimbeni womuntu.

Ngo umdlavuza ngamakhemikhali okwamenza asishintshi pathogenesis ka umdlavuza, isib, kwamangqamuzana amaseli nolaka futhi kokuwaguqulela zibuyele kokujwayelekile ingekho. yodokotela eyaziwa ikhambi izinguquko kwamakhemikhali futhi ulungise ukugeleza yabo.

Kutfutfukiswa zemvelo sanogenesis indlela futhi kukusiza ukuba adjuvant yokwelapha. Kusho ukuthini lokhu kusho ukuthini? Yemvelo uhlelo zokuzivikela isimila ukuthuthukiswa amaseli kakhulu abathintekayo ngesikhathi nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kuthiwa eziwohlokayo izindlela mzimba omunye umuntu. Isenzo kungenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha amaseli zokuzivikela, okuyizinto umthamo eziyingozi ngezinga kancane ongaphansi leli koloni ebulalayo.

Ukusebenza evamile umzimba kanye nokwenza ngcono ubungqabavu yayo kwenzeka njengoba kubonisa yesibili ngemva isimila ukubhujiswa noma abalulekile okwehlisa ekukhuleni kwayo, uma ine- nethonya elilimaza kakhulu omunye izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukuchayeka amakhemikhali okwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izifo

Amakhemikhali isetshenziswe kuphela ukubhujiswa izimila, kodwa futhi uzolandela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izifo, ezifana isikhunta, amagciwane, isifo sofuba, kucabanga yisinanakazana, helminths. ukwelashwa Adjuvant ka yisinanakazana ekhetha ekubhujisweni lemsebenti: alien ku ukubonakaliswa bokuphila kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni womuntu ukuze igciwane, emi isitebhisi engezansi kwemvelo.

Ukukhululeka kucabanga enjalo kwenzeka ephephile kubantu, njengoba ukubhujiswa amagciwane isebenzisa izici umzimba umenzeli ezithathelwanayo, futhi abantu cell amalungiselelo abe cishe awukho umphumela. Isibonelo salokhu ukuvaleka kwemisipha izicubu impethu anthelmintics izidakamizwa: amagciwane is alinamathiselwe odongeni emathunjini bese uyaphuma ne indle. On the imisipha emathunjini nemithi ungenayo i umphumela asebenzayo.

Lapho antineoplastic amakhemikhali ukwelashwa akhethiwe into umthelela nolaka isimila cells eziye wakwazi ukubaleka mzimba ukulawula umzimba. Ziba anomdlavuza, kodwa ekuqaleni namangqamuzana umzimba womuntu siqu.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi yokwelapha isimila

Ngomqondo onabile, akunakwenzeka ukwenza kuphela omdlavuza ngaphandle ezithinta ngokushesha sokuhlukanisa izicubu zomzimba eziphilile zomzimba. Lezi zihlanganisa amasosha omzimba isikhumba epithelium, izinwele nezinzipho. Liwela ngaphasi emiphumeleni elimazayo we esiswini mucosa, amathumbu, iphaphu, kuqhoqhoqho, bronchi, uhlelo urinary. Kwezinye izimo, umthamo ezinobuthi, kukhona yezinkinga side effects, ziyabulala.

On emiphumeleni elimazayo emzimbeni njengoba kuqhathaniswa izidakamizwa anthelmintic kuholela yokwelapha adjuvant. Kusho ukuthini ukuba umuntu? Izimbangela isimila okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ubuthi isiguli akusho ukuvumela kwakuthiwa kugomela uma yayo umthamo ngempumelelo izidakamizwa. Isibalo amaseshini-chemistry okungabazekayo kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yezinkinga ngesimo engamukeleki ubuthi futhi side effects ziyabulala.

Uma kucatshangelwa eduze 100% ingozi ebulalayo izifo bemvelo oncological, ngenxa ukungabikho izixazululo ehlukile yokwelapha amakhemikhali, namuhla labetibambile imihlangano nge ingozi Ukuwohloka impilo lesiguli, okuhloswe ngaso wokusinda kwalo.

Kuyini adjuvant ukwelashwa ngemisebe is iziguli eziningi umdlavuza eyaziwa, kodwa afeze ukuhlinzwa noma ngemisebe kwezinye izimo engenakwenzeka ngenxa ukunganakwa isimila ukubukeka metastases ngokucebile athuthukile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izwi lokugcina oba kuphela nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Izinkomba kanye contraindications ukusetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali e umdlavuza webele

ukwelashwa Adjuvant umdlavuza wamabele ukusetshenziswa anticancer izidakamizwa cytostatics. Isiguli is ebekiwe ngesimo weThrojani, imijovo emthanjeni noma amaphilisi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa libhekisela zokwelapha letindzala, njengoba cytostatics, kokungena ngaphakathi, kufe zamangqamuzana omdlavuza hhayi kuphela isitho ethintekile, kodwa futhi wonke umzimba.

Chemistry kuyinkomba ukuvela izimila abulalayo esifundeni thoracic. Isinqumo kukhethwa ukwelashwa abesifazane ehlaselwe izifundo eziningi. Izici amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ezinye ezithinta kukhethwa izidakamizwa isigaba zawo zentuthuko, ubukhulu kanye izinga lokukhula. Ukuze umzimba wesiguli unendima ubudala, indawo imfundo neziyaluyalu hormone.

Adjuvant yokwelapha umdlavuza webele enezinto eziningi Izimo:

• I-hormone okuthiwa i-engaphansi isimila izifo zabesifazane ngemva kweminyaka engu-menopause;
• ngokwanele kwabesifazane abasebasha amafomu ama-hormone engaphansi umdlavuza, uma une amazinga aphansi progesterone futhi estrogen.

Inkambo amakhemikhali ukwelashwa

imithi yokwelapha Yiqiniso zisendaweni ebalulekile enqubeni ye ukususa yesimila. Kuye eyinkimbinkimbi ebekiwe ukuhlinzwa noma ngemisebe. Imijikelezo Esekela wenziwa ukwelashwa adjuvant. Kuyini lokhu? Umjikeleto Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi izidakamizwa. Isibalo imijikelezo kuncike isimo umzimba, nezinye izinto. Yiqiniso Standard iqukethe kusukela ezinikezwa 4 kuya ku-7.

Ngemva ukususwa kuhlinzwa yesimila sisetshenziswa prophylactic amakhemikhali ukwelashwa ukuvimbela kabusha okwenziwe umdlavuza, futhi ukuvimbela kokushelela. Thina overestimate ukubaluleka yokwelapha isimila kunzima - ngempumelelo yalo waphawula engaphambi nangemva kwako.

Kanjani ngekhemikhali isikimu webele? Ngenxa yalokho yokuphathwa ebhubhisa zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana omdlavuza endaweni webele. Umthelela aphoyintimenti izidakamizwa eziningana Umele ukukhula yena, kodwa izinga ukuchayeka kangangokuthi umuntu ongasusa ngaphandle usongo lwezempilo abalulekile iyagula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka sihlole izici begazi izimila, udokotela ekunika lezi izidakamizwa, abangenalo nolaka amaseli umlutha.

izidakamizwa Alkaliruyuschie kungokwalabo uhlu izidakamizwa ekhuthaza yokutakula. Emzimbeni, ziyafana ngemisebe. Izidakamizwa ukubhubhisa amaprotheni ezilawula izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ekwandeni ejenti zamakhemikhali kulolu chungechunge kuyinto "cyclophosphamide".

Antimetabolites lithathwa zofuzo nolaka iseli uhlelo. Isenzo sabo elimazayo iqala inqubo cell division eholela ekufeni yayo. Abamele kukhona gemzer futhi 5-fluorouracil. Ngakho futhi kusetshenziswe indlela yokwelapha adjuvant. Lapho ubuhlungu syndrome ebekiwe ejenti analgesic "Seduxen", "Carbamazepine", "Phenytoin".

Imithi elwa namagciwane ukwelapha izimila abulalayo musa ngifane izidakamizwa ejwayelekile zokwelapha. Isenzo sabo kusekelwe okusithiyayo ephelele ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana. "Adriamycin" lihambisana "Cytoxan" nethonya elihle.

ukwelashwa Adjuvant melanoma

Melanoma kuyinto umdlavuza evamile ibonisa umphumela ebonakalayo isikhumba. Metastases kusukela melanoma kutholwa esebenzisa x-ray MRI, ama-PET, ultrasound futhi wathola fotoakkustikoy. Asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ngokushisa zamakhemikhali, immunotherapy, sebenzisa interferon, zemicimbi ahlukahlukene selashwe perfusion wendawo.

Melanoma kunzima ukuyelapha, ososayensi njalo sisebenzela ukuthuthukisa imithi emisha. Ngezikhathi ezithile embonini eyenza imithi ayakhuthaza okutholakele. Ngezinye izikhathi abalubonisayo impumelelo ukwelashwa, kodwa alinganiselwe. Omunye le mithi emisha kuyinto "IL-2". Ngalo izuzwe okuqhubekayo futhi wasekela ukuthethelelwa, kukhona nesenzakalo ezingavamile ngangibuye ngihluleke.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo kuyinto olukhulu OncoVEX GM-CSF - yesimanje zokuhlola izindlela emithini yokuselapha. Lesi sidakamizwa uku Isigaba sesithathu zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa lomdlavuza ingemuva

Eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo emkhakheni ukwelashwa of colorectal umdlavuza injabulo ngempumelelo evulekile. Isibalo ukwehluleka uma usebenzisa amasu kuhlinzwa ukususa izimila ngezinyathelo 2 no-3 kuyoholela kulokhu ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelashwa adjuvant umdlavuza kapopopo. Ucwaningo kufanele sibonise ukuphumelela inhlanganisela radiotherapy usebenzisa ejenti kumakhemikhali 5-fluorouracil.

Isicelo practice udokotela izindlela eqondile uzingela izimila kanye aphenya ukuthi yayiyini, ivumela ukwelashwa preoperative ngaphandle ukuchayeka kokuqala, ukuthola ukwakheka at esigabeni sokuqala lesi sifo. amakhemikhali Ukubulala amagciwane kakhulu anda kwesifo nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa sphincter ukulondolozwa kanye nezinkinga encishisiwe.

Zokunciphisa Ukuphinda nelaphe ngaphandle okwandisa amacala nokufa athuthukile yokwelapha nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngaphambili izindlela amakhemikhali. Ekwelapheni ngqo esigabeni maphakathi ikholoni adenocarcinoma phansi ikhadi, sisebenzise ejwayelekile ngemisebe iphethini lihambisana 5-fluorouracil.

ukwelashwa postoperative wabonakaliswa ngempumelelo ngaphezulu ngemva kokusebenzisa indlela sonographic okuvumela ukuhlonza amaphutha okuzobe kudlalelwa. Izinga lokubuya kwesifo elashwe nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuyehla kube 20-50% emva kokuhlinzwa. Ubukhulu umonakalo empilweni kunqunywa kuye ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo lwesimila.

ukwelashwa sinusitis

isigaba Khanyisa lesi sifo iphathwa ngaphandle nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi - esetshenziswa yokwelapha adjuvant ekwelapheni sinusitis. Ukupholisa isimo kuza ngemuva kokusebenzisa esihleliwe imithi oluhlelwe ngezihloko futhi ukuze athole ukwelashwa komzimba. umphumela ukwelashwa kubangelwa vasoconstrictor izidakamizwa, antiseptics, nemithi ukuthuthukisa nokuvikeleka.

Yokuvula amakhala babe izindlela ezahlukene isinyathelo ukuqeda izimpawu sinusitis, kodwa yonke imithi kuholele ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo lesi sifo. The best nomphumela oqabulayo babe aerosol ukwakhiwa, njengekhambi lokwelapha basakaza ngokushesha mucosa. Sinusitis nge ubovu ukubonakaliswa iphathwa amathonsi isinqandakuvunda, kodwa kunalokho into aid ukuphathwa eyisisekelo.

Ngokuhamba kuyinkimbinkimbi ezinzima futhi lesi sifo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi amaphilisi. Inkinga elandelayo isikhathi sibi iphathwa ngomjovo.

Izindlela adjuvant ekwelapheni lesizalo fibroids

Lolu hlobo imfundo ngokuvamile neoplasm ingozi ka izitho zangasese zesifazane yangaphakathi. Ezinye iziguli abawazi ukubukeka fibroids, njengoba isikhathi aluphumeleli luhlolo, futhi lesi sifo asymptomatic.

izimpawu ezivamile, kubangela nesineke ukuya kudokotela, ukopha lesizalo. Ubuhlungu ebonwe zonke nesineke wesine, elikhula ngokushesha isimila esikhathini nekutala 60% eziguli phambi menopause - 44% abesifazane.

Ukuze ekwelapheni ingozi izimpawu fibroid esetshenziswa yokwelapha adjuvant. Lona umsebenzi onzima futhi imiphumela emihle kuxhomeke kakhulu isipiliyoni, nesizinda semfundo nemibandela lobuchwepheshe kudokotela. Umkhawulo kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngoludala, kodwa akukho isikhathi esincane esibalulekile sokwenza isinqumo mayelana nokususwa kuhlinzwa ka fibroids.

Indlela yokuqala ukwelashwa kufanele kube ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwama-hormone wesibeletho ube sezingeni kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe lizinga wendawo gormenomii kwesibeletho. Eyesibili indlela ukudala ukuvinjelwa esishintshashintshayo ezingasadingeki ukwanda kwezindawo. Ngenxa yalesi iqondiswa kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi progestins ukunciphisa hormone ekusakazeni igazi ekunciphiseni isimila nezicubu kuvelana isenzo estrogens.

Ngo inqubo yokwelapha yesimanje, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha fibroids progestogens, anti-estrogens, antigonadotropiny, antigestagens. Ukwelashwa kuyinto hormone nezidakamizwa ezingekho hormone. ukuphathwa okulondoloza kuhlanganisa Antistress, immnokorregiruyuschie, izidakamizwa nootropic, amavithamini, kanye Antioxidants.

Esebenzisa ekwelapheni periodontitis

Periodontitis kwenzeka kwezinye izimo, ezifana ukuvuvukala ugingqe e rhinitis, osteomyelitis, sinusitis noma otitis. Lesi sifo livezwa ukuvuvukala impande izinyo kanye eduze kwezicubu kanzima. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izinyo pulpitis, ukulimala gingival. Ngaphandle bendabuko indlela mechanical ukwelashwa isetshenziswa yokwelapha periodontitis adjuvant.

Imbangela iba sikashukela, umthamo wemvula abampofu amavithamini namaminerali umzimba, impendulo iguliswa ukusetshenziswa kunemithi noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo. ukukhucululwa kwendle Late futhi kuholela sifo, ukwelapha periodontitis esetshenziswa yokwelapha adjuvant. Kusho ukuthini? Indlela kusekelwe ngokucophelela isinqandakuvunda izinyo nesiteshi isabelo owangaphakathi calcium amalungiselelo. Le ndlela kubhekwa ngempumelelo uma kukhona kungenzeka yi abantu abaningi abalindile. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ingozi exacerbation.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa adjuvant udlala indima ebalulekile wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kusiza esigabeni wokulungiselela we ukusebenza, futhi ngemva ukususwa umdlavuza kunciphisa kungenzeka ukuphinda futhi isimila reappearance.