Chess umdlali Gata Kamsky: Biography, umsebenzi

Gata Kamsky - inganeko esiphilayo emhlabeni chess elite. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akakwazanga ukuthola ayesifuna ngabomvu umqhele Fide, endleleni eya ezindaweni eziphakemeyo career Kamsky wathola eziningi esidumisa futhi impumelelo, futhi iningi lawo lalingabantu abasha. Elo isilinganiso futhi akukuniki kungenzeka ukudlala phansi impumelelo yakhe. Kama ithalente wayebhekwa wonke ama-republic angu-USSR, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, e-United States.

Gata Kamsky: Biography

Juni 2, 1974 ku umndeni Tatar wazalwa omunye wabadlali brilliant iningi namuhla. Manje kuzwakele kubo bonke ngaphansi kwegama Kama, futhi yendawo azalelwa kuyo - emzini Novokuznetsk. Khona-ke akekho owayazi ukuthi lomfana ngakho khazimulisa uhlanga lwakhe. Ekuzalweni kwakhe, umntwana waqanjwa Gataulla Rustemovich Sabirov. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakhono akhe okusezingeni eliphezulu engqondo wabonakaliswa zisencane - kudala njengoba iminyaka emibili umfana ukufunda ngokukhululeka, futhi ezine kahle upiyano. Kodwa wayeyisazi a wabonakaliswa ngempela okwamanje lapho kuqala wazama ukudlala chess.

Ngemva kokuba sebephumile edolobheni of Novokuznetsk, umndeni wakhe kafushane bazinza Kazan, lapho laqala ukuqonda wayeyisazi ezisencane chess art. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, bathuthela Leningrad. Isifundo esikoleni sendawo wanikezwa Gat akulula, ngoba wafundiswa nabafana abadala iminyaka emibili. Lokhu awamenzanga uwine nenhlonipho kanye nobuhlobo ithemba ofunda nabo, ngoba lo mfana onesimo nabanomusa futhi kwaba lula kakhulu ukuxhumana nontanga yabo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayesefile kakade ngaleso sikhathi waba nesikhundla okuqinile kakhulu yobudala bakhe. + Kamskiy Gata-alias Rustemovich Sabirov wathatha phezu kumkhulu wakhe, amela umsuka Drama Theatre yaseTatarstan. Waqale eyaduma ngalelogama emzini oku iNeva.

Njengoba ngiqala "Grandmaster encane" uVladimir Zak?

Ukuqala amathuba okuba umculi okhokhelwayo Gata Kamsky waqeqeshwa Palace lamaphayona umqeqeshi edume uVladimir Zak. Ukuqeqeshwa njalo ayihlala amakhulu imidlalo nge omunye wabadlali eziqine - Vladimir Shishkin. I ithalente abasha chess umdlali yayisobala ukuze uVladimir Zak esigabeni sokuqala ngokuthi Gato "inkosi yami kancane Enkulu." Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, wayengumuntu ngokuphelele kwesokudla. Gata Kamsky - junior chess umdlali kancane kancane futhi nakanjani ukunqoba zonke ezinyoni. Okokuqala wayinqoba intsha "uSpartacus" ubuqhawe ke iwine lanqoba phezu Markom Taymanovym ukuthi uyinike isihloko iqhawe eU.SSR yabafana kakade engu-12 ubudala. Futhi leli qiniso kakhulu abathintekayo esikhathini esizayo ku isilinganiso Elo.

zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama kwaba Kama ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zwe elikhulukazi. Ngokuvamile amaphephandaba kuqhathaniswa kuye nge Kasparov, okuvelayo oluqinile wazenza umphakathi. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukufuna isikhathi eside. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-Soviet Chess Federation wasingatha umdlalo odumile Kamsky futhi Alekseya Shirova.

Imeshi sasishisa kakhulu futhi eside, ngoba prodigy abaphikisi kwaba abanolwazi kakhulu, kodwa Gata Kamsky iwine bayasethemba ukuphikiswa ngaphansi kobuholi Gennady Nesis. Lokhu kunqoba wavula indlela umdlali chess Junior World Championship, lapho wayemelela USSR.

Ukuhambisa ku-United States of America

Ngemva lanqoba enkundleni yomhlaba Kamsky nomkhaya wakhe baye bathola umnikelo ovela usozigidi James Kane, okuyinto babengeke benqabe. Ngo-1989, asebenza okungazelelwe Soviet they nyakazo ukuphila e-United States. Nokho, lokhu kwaba namthelela wayeyisazi omkhulu chess umdlali, ngokuphambene nalokho, waphinda Gata Kamsky wakwazi ukufinyelela ekuphakameni efaneleyo, ngokuwina US Open. Nge isihloko esisha Enkulu, uba the best of ukukhethwa engcono pass kulo mqhudelwano interzonal. Kube sekulandela akukho ukunqoba kancane esimangalisayo: ngo-1990, Gata Kamsky won super mqhudelwano Tilburg, abahola kuye endaweni udumo phakathi kwezicukuthwane emhlabeni chess.

Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo Ghats umsebenzi eyathatha kungekho zincane. Ochwepheshe abaningi phambi umncintiswano olandelayo ngaphandle kokungabaza wencike Kama. Ngesikhathi uqhekeko zomhlaba chess ngo-1993, futhi iwine idlala ingxenye eqenjini lesizwe lase-United States. Khona-ke i-World Team Championship kwaba umhlangano zinkondlo ezimbili zasendulo - Kamsky futhi eziqine Russian chess umdlali uVladimir Kramnik. Ukunqoba Landelayo Executive Najdorf Memorial kwavula Kama indlela eqondile ku-candidate Ucondzanisa ngoba Fide futhi PCA.

umsebenzi isiqongo: Kamsky wahlulwa candidate Ukufana

Ukuphumelela esiteji PCA yaphela ukunqotshwa uVladimir Kramnik 4.5: I-1.5 Nigel iDemo 5.5: 1.5, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba Olwa yamuva for indondo. Kunengqondo ukuthi ngemva uchungechunge ngokunqoba ku Umjikelezo, wanquma ukuyeka umdlalo nge Kasparov chess umdlali Viswanathan Anand.

Ukuhlanganyela kwaba licace kakhulu Fide imincintiswano. Kama wahlala izimpi unbeaten ne-Van der Sterrenom (4.5: 2.5) kanye Valeriey Salovoy (4.5: 1.5). Umphumela ofanayo kulindeleke futhi Anand, okuyinto balwa edume chess tiebreaker.

Ngokusekelwe imiphumela Ghats kwi World Championships, kwaba ngukunqoba esithile Linares (1994), konke ngesikhathi esisodwa sabona ukuthi GM izimisele isihloko ubuqhawe, ngaleso sikhathi yayingaphansi kwe-Anatoly Karpov.

Ukunqotshwa empini sesihloko edume chess yinkosi

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1996, liba kulo mqhudelwano ngenxa Fide umqhele. Indawo ngoba impi yayingumuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke yakwa-Kalmykia - Elista. Imeshi ngokuba umqhele ne uchungechunge izigameko iphutha. Banikezwe ivela ngokushesha ngesikhathi computerization isikhathi, Karpov, usekhulile, usezuze umdlalo nge Shelving. Kama naphakathi kukayise umhleli waphula ezingqubuzana kakhulu okwaholela ukuba balwe imizuzwana kulandele Knockout Gata. Isizathu salokhu ukuziphatha Ghats uyise wayengekho izinsolo ezingenasisekelo impumuzo emakamu Karpov ngokudlulisela ulwazi oluyigugu. Imeshi iphelile nge kokunqotshwa kwe Kama nge lag nje 3 amaphuzu. uyise Ukushabisa yabonisa ukungabethembi refereeing futhi wathi ezikhulu abasha wasala ngaphandle umqhele engafanele ngokuphelele. Manje, ngokuvumelana ukulaya kukayise, Gata Kamsky kwadingeka ngiyeke chess futhi baqala izifundo zabo eNyuvesi.

Kude futhi isiphetho

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, aliveli yimuphi izindaba ezihlobene igama Kama. Cishe 10 iminyaka chess umdlali akazanga obala. Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi iziqu ekolishi ngezinga e-Chemical and Military Medical Academy, ukuzuza iziqu umthetho. Ngemva kwalokho Kamsky ivule inkampani yakhe, uhlose ukuba abe ummeli. Eminyakeni eyishumi, wayeshade futhi babe nokuphila komkhaya okujabulisayo.

Kama ukubaleka kwaphazanyiswa isikhathi esifushane: esisodwa kuphela wazama ukuthatha umklomelo ekuqaleni ubuqhawe zomhlaba Knockout Fide ngo-1999, lapho kakade kusaqalwa lo mqhudelwano elathathwa winner Aleksandru Halifmanu. Naphezu kwalokhu, isifiso Ghats hhayi acime ngokuphelele futhi resurfaced ngo-2004, lapho enza ukubuya kwakhe kokunqoba. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu umthetho wase-University of Arizona, Kamsky wakwazi kahle ulungiselela kokunqotshwa World Cup e Khanty-Mansiysk (2005), okuyinto kabusha wavula eya izicelo. Ukubuyela benomfutho omusha e Elista, enqoba Etena Bakro nge amaphuzu ocindezelayo 3.5: 0.5. Kodwa isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ulwa isihloko emhlabeni nge Boris iba Galfandom, ngubani wakwazi ukumisa abanamakhono chess umdlali.

Ukubuya Legend of chess

Zuza kokuhlangenwe nakho olukhulu, Kamsky yayina yakhe umsebenzi ngeNdebe yoMhlaba esilandelayo. American simangaliso sokubuyiselwa yaphela ukunqotshwa okuphelele Adly, Avrukh, Georkieva, Svidler, Ponomariov, Shirov futhi Carles e. Lolu chungechunge zokunqoba simlethele indondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ephinda ebhekana eziqine chess abadlali emhlabeni - Veselin Topalov, okwaholela esinye ukunqotshwa ngenxa yalokho, ukungabi nakwenzeka umdlalo oyifunayo nge Anand.

Grandmasters chess namuhla

Ngo-2011 waphinde waba nengxenye candidate okufanayo, ukuthatha yokuziphindiselela ka Topalov, kodwa kulandela lo meshi Gelfand waphinda yaphela behluliwe. Okwamanje sifiké multiple US Champion isihloko, owawina eziningana evulekile-tournaments okunjengalokho kuqala futhi waphindwa medalist ngethusi. Ngemva kwakhe, kathathu kwelifa loonyana mncintiswano European njengengxenye "Linex-Magic", "Ural" futhi "SOCAR".

muva Kama bathuthela eRussia. Manje eqondisa Kazan chess esikoleni awusekela. Njengoba izenzakalo wakhetha iqhaza Championships club Kazan 'Rook ".