UVladimir Kramnik: Biography futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila

UVladimir Borisovich Kramnik - odumile chess umdlali waseRussia. He is a master play positional kweqiniso. Ethanda ukuzijayeza isikhundla avaliwe lapho ongakhetha ukubala ukuthuthukiswa ezenzekile abaphikisi nzima impela. Kramnik - 14 iqhawe emhlabeni kule game of chess. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo akuwona umdlalo kanye art. Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane, e Tuapse, lapho kuzalwa chess umdlali uVladimir Kramnik, yena beat ontanga yabo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabo bonke abadala. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, abazali kanye nomqeqeshi wakhe wokuqala uVladimir wabikezela ngokuzuma.

umndeni Kramnik

UVladimir Kramnik wazalwa ngo 25. 06. 1975 edolobheni Tuapse. Anakho umzalwane osemdala, Eugene. Abazali bazo - abantu zokudala. Ubaba wafunda e-Art Academy futhi waba umqophi wemifanekiso umdwebi. Umama iziqu somculo e Lviv futhi kamuva wasebenza njengomfundisi weZwi umculo. Abazali bakhe uVladimir futhi Eugene waya laseStavropol, lapho abaqashi babo bathenjiswa izindlu kanye "igolide entabeni." Kodwa akusebenzanga futhi sebephindele e Tuapse, ngivelaphi uVladimir Kramnik.

ebuntwaneni

Ngo chess, Kramnik waqala ukudlala kusukela zisencane. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, wababuka uyise party mzalwane. Uma, eqaphela ukunakwa wengane, ubaba uVladimir Entela wasikisela ukuba ahlele izitho ebhodini. Futhi ngokushesha ngokungenaphutha encane kokuqeda izimfuno. Lamangala umbuzo kayise, angakwazi ukudlala, uVladimir Uphendule "yebo". Ngemva kwesonto, ngesizotha beat ubaba.

Umqeqeshi sokuqala ngqá abasha chess umdlali waba nguyise owafundisa uVladimir ukudlala kuze eneminyaka emine ubudala. Ngemva waqala ukuya club chess ngesikhathi Isigodlo Amaphayona. Lapho, uJehova waqale walwa guys-pervorazryadnikom. Wabe ezololongwa uVladimir GM Tseshkovsky.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa, uVladimir Kramnik got 1 kancane. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 ubudala waba iqhawe Union phakathi Juniors. Futhi eminyakeni 10 sasibhekwa umdlali best njengoba sihlanganisa lonke izwe Tuapse.

Ukuqala indlela eya chess Olympus

Lapho uVladimir engu-11 ubudala, wonke umkhaya wathuthela eMoscow, futhi ahlezi Tuapse, lapho kuzalwa chess umdlali uVladimir Kramnik. E-Moscow, wamenywa e Botvinnik esikoleni sakhe, okwasiza ukuqeqesha guys Garry Kasparov. Ngakho uVladimir umfundi waphenduka abadlali ababili esiqine. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanye Kramnik iba nembangi inkosi ezemidlalo. Kuthatha iminyaka engu-2, kanti yena ungumuntu wabantu inkosi ezemidlalo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16 ubudala - junior iqhawe emhlabeni.

Chess inkanyezi

Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela ka Kasparov ngo-1992 Kramnik bebafaka ekhatsi labancane Russian ithimba chess. UVladimir wakufeza amathemba kukora 8.5 aphume 9 amaphuzu kunokwenzeka. Khona-ke wathola "igolide": ngo-1992, 1994, 1996 no-2013.

Eminyakeni 17, Kramnik elahlekile lokugcina midlalo emibili (othile ngaphambi kwaleyo midlalo ye Fide futhi PCA) Kamsky futhi Gelfand. Kusukela ngo-1995, uVladimir uqala ngokuya ngokunqoba imincintiswano eminingi. Ngenxa yalokho, weza eRussia ngo amakhono yesibili ngemva Kasparov. Ngo-2009, Kramnik waba chess umdlali wokuqala ukuwina izikhathi 10 Dortmund super mqhudelwano. Le mpumelelo lwalotshwa Guinness Book of Records.

Ukufana sesihloko World Cup

Indlela ukuze isihloko emhlabeni ukuze Kramnik eyayingavamile kancane. Eziningana okufanayo eyabelwe ne contender yaphuka ngenxa ubunzima imali futhi umehluko othize. Kasparov, uVladimir enquma ukusiza ngokunikezela umdlalo nokubeka kusengozini isihloko sakhe emhlabeni. Harry wayeqiniseka ukuthi ukunqoba kuyoba kuye, futhi akazange angene kumeshi inkontileka. Kodwa uVladimir Kramnik - chess ezivela kuNkulunkulu. Futhi Kasparov ilahlekelwa, futhi isihloko yayo sihamba ukuze abaphikisi.

Ngo-2002, uVladimir kudlalwa umdlalo we-chess ngokumelene uhlelo lwekhompyutha Deep Fritz. I iziqubu yaphela a draw. Ngo-2004 Kramnik walwa Hungarian uPetru Leko futhi ngokulambisa aphethwe isihloko iqhawe emhlabeni esenyukele ekunqotshweni e umdlalo wokugcina. I score kwaba 7: 7. Kusukela ngo-2004 impilo Kramnik sika is eziwohlokayo ngenxa ifomu ezingavamile arthritis, okuyinto etholakala chess odokotela. Kwaba umzukuzuku banezikhundla phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso.

Ukulwela ukukhipha isihloko emhlabeni eliphelele

Ngo-2006, kwaba khona okufanayo phakathi Topalov futhi Kramnik sesihloko iqhawe ngokuphelele. I iziqubu senzeka ngo Elista. Kufanele futhi uchaze ukuthi ngenkani, naphezu ukuphelisa ituthuko engakalungi batfole lelizinga zibizwa Vladimir Kramnik, ogama biography kuhlanganisa ngokunqoba eziningi tournaments. ekulweni kwakhe sesihloko ubephelezelwa ehlazweni.

Kramnik wasolwa usebenzisa amathiphu ikhompyutha nokuvakasha njalo endlini encane. IKomiti Izikhalo useshintshe inkontileka ukufanisa unilaterally futhi ngaleyo ndlela yephula amalungelo Vladimir. Kramnik akafikanga iqembu 5 ngaphakathi khalaza. Waguqulwa alilahla.

Kodwa umzabalazo okwengeziwe, uVladimir Kramnik akazange adikile laliqhubeka nokulwa. Eyokuqala 12 imidlalo yaphela a draw. Khona-ke, ku-isikhathi ikhefu iwine Kramnik. Ubude isikolo inzuzo esivuna yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, wabonwa njengoba iqhawe ongenambangi zomhlaba. Wathola umklomelo ingxenye yesigidi zamadola ilungelo iqhaza Fide 2007.

Ngo-2007 Kramnik uyavuma isihloko komunye chess umdlali owaziwa - Viswanathan Anand. Ngo-December walowo nyaka ofanayo wamiswa kumeshi, eyaqala ngo-2008 yaphela futhi kwaba ngukunqoba Anand.

ukuphila Siqu Kramnik

Phakathi nawo-90s Kramnik kwaba indaba lemifisha umdlali chess kusuka Slovakia Evoy Repkovoy. Izithandani is akubone emphakathini futhi wayengafuni ukubamba iso paparazzi awayiphazamisi. WamaRoma waqala buthule njengoba ngesizotha ngaphandle amahlazo iphelile. Kramnik neze uthande ukubeka ukuphila kwakhe siqu obala umphakathi.

Khona-ke, ngo-2005, uVladimir wahlangana intatheli kusukela France uMarie-uLaure Germon. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva bashada. Umshado wayethobekile. Ayikho izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-40. Kuphela abangane abaseduze kakhulu umakoti nomkhwenyana. Ubaba uVladimir Kramnik, ngeshwa, akakwazanga ukuza ngenxa yokugula, kodwa isipho (esiliva indlovu amagugu) indodana wathumela.

ikhekhe Suite lomshado senziwe ngendlela ethile checkerboard ngezingxenye ushokoledi. Base ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi njengoba zazinjalo lapho uVladimir baba ingqwele jikelele. Ekuqaleni, lo mbhangqwana wakhuluma ngesiNgisi. Manje inkosikazi Vladimir esezikwazi kakade kancane Russian. indodakazi Kramnik sika, Daria, yazalwa ngo-2008, futhi indodana yakhe Vadim - ngo-2013