IsiRashiya, umthaki wemithi Soviet Nina Andreeva: Biography, okutholakele, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Siyazi eziningi osolwazi nabacwaningi, kamuva owaba kodwa ngabaholi bezombusazwe? Namuhla abantu kaningi ngaphezu osopolitiki kanye imfundo ekhethekile, noma izikhulu eziphezulu wamabhizinisi ezinkulu. Kodwa kule minyaka yokwakha kabusha, izinto ezazithe ukuhluka. Labo wadala iqembu, kwakudingeka ukuba omunye umgomo - ukuletha imibono yabo uquqaba, befuna ukuphila okungcono abantu. Abazange wokuphishekela umgomo ukuze ubambe indawo "ngesikhathi wokuxovela." Omunye izakhamuzi okulula labo abafisa ukwenza izwe elingcono, baba umfundisi omunye Research Institute yase-USSR - UNina.

izitatimende emfushane

Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna - Usokhemisi waseRussia sezombusazwe Soviet neRussia yesimanje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umphakathi ayizange njalo waqonda efanele, owesifazane wakwazi ukuthonya inkambo yomlando. owesifazane wayo udumo eneminyaka engu-78 ubudala, iye yazuza emva kokushicilelwa indzabambhalo (sihloko Andreeva) "Angikwazi ayekethise ezimisweni." Abanye abagxeki abakholelwa ukuthi lo mbhalo kungaba esinye sezizathu esenza iSoviet Union iwa. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Ake siphenye.

Biography: Nina Andreeva

Okthoba 12, 1938 eLeningrad (USSR) wazalwa intombazane, uNina. ubaba wakhe abasebenzi elula port. Washonela endaweni phambi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Nina Andreeva imfundo kunina ubesebenza njengodokotela wezifo umakhenikha ngesikhathi Kirov isitshalo. Impi wathatha wemithi esizayo uyise hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umfowabo omdala nodadewethu omdala.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uNina Andreeva walithanda isayensi. Yena ngenkuthalo esikoleni, ngakho waklonyeliswa ngendondo egolide kokuqedwa kwalo. Ukuba wathola imfundo yesibili, owesifazane osemusha langena Leningrad Institute of Technology, ngokukhetha okukhethekile, futhi umsebenzi wemithi. Kodwa akulona nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe isayensi uqobo, kanye nama-scholarship okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto enikeziwe ezothola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Le ntombazane ngesikhathi ebhekene nobunzima obukhulu zezimali. Lunye ngentokazi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu waqala ukusebenza nge spetskeramikoy.

Nina Andreeva waphothula ekolishi nge-honours. Kamuva, ngempela ngempumelelo eziqu izifundo futhi wathola ngezinga wesayensi lobuchwepheshe.

minyaka yokusebenza

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uNina Andreeva wayesebenza esikhumulweni Research Institute asebenza ngebhethri ingilazi umcwaningi okuthunyelwe. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, wayesifundisa abafundi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni ngesikhathi Leningrad Institute of Technology.

Ngo-1966, wahlanganyela iCommunist Party of eSoviet Union, ucabangela akakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Ngu isinqumo isinyathelo Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna ukuphathwa, okuyiwona isayensi iye njalo uhamba phambili, uma yena yaxoshwa emsebenzini wakhe. Yena waxoshwa party. Kodwa ngo-1981, uNina Alexandrovna futhi liyobuyiselwa kubo okuthunyelwe, futhi ubulungu ngemuva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa isakhamuzi PDA (CC CPSU).

Chikin Valentin, umhleli induna iphephandaba "Russia namaSoviet", kusho ukuthi lapho ulwazi mayelana Andreeva ngaphambi kokushicilela sihloko yakhe edumile, abaphathi inyuvesi ukunikeza izintatheli ne incazelo okucebile zaso sonke isikhathi abesifazane abasebenza. NoNina Andreeva awafunda 1972 kuya ku-1991.

Kokuyenga Andreeva nokuguqulwa umsebenzi

Ekuqaleni kuka-1988 ephephandabeni "Soviet Russia" yashicilela isihloko, okuyinto eyabhalwa Nina Andreeva "Angikwazi ayekethise ezimisweni." Emasontweni amathathu kamuva, kwalotshwa disavowed le "iqiniso" esihlokweni "Izimiso ukuhlelwa kabusha. ukucabanga izinguquko kanye isinyathelo"

Ngemva kwalokhu, ushushiso Andreeva. Konke yaphela kanjalo ukuthi umyeni wakhe, uNina Alexandrovna isifo senhliziyo eziningana, kodwa kakhulu uthisha "ephelezelwa" endaweni yomsebenzi.

Yini okulandelayo?

It Ngokuqinisekile lokho kwaba nzima yenguquko impilo Andreeva. Kodwa ngo-1989, yena ephethwe All-Union Society (Party) "Unity", uvikela Leninism futhi imibono yezombusazwe Russian. Ngo-1991, Andreev abe ngumholi ephathini "kwamaBolshevik Ipulatifomu ye CPSU"

Futhi ekupheleni kwekwindla efanayo, uNina uba inhloko inhlangano "Zonke-Union neQembu LamaKhomanisi." Kodwa ngokuvumelana Heroine yethu, wayengakaze nabalangazelelekayo amandla. Kwenzeka ngokwalo.

Kulandelwa inkulumo phambi abafundi walesi sikhungo ukuthi "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kuyinto esinganqobeki." Kulokhu, isazi sezombusazwe insikazi, umholi omkhulu, wayehlala kumahamba-nesizotha ezinhlanu storey efulethini, hhayi uyakuhlupha yezinkinga ezihlobene ngcono ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

imisebenzi eqaphelekayo

In parallel ezinezithelo nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe Nina Andreeva ngesikhathi sako ukubhala izincwadi futhi ushicilele izihloko:

1. Iqoqo Amakhasi 368: "Izimiso Nepodarennye, noma A Brief History yokwakha kabusha", 1993.
2. "Ukugxeka socialism Akwamukelekile", 1992.
3. Iqoqo izinkulumo "Ukuze Bolshevism kule nhlangano lamaKhomanisi", 2002.
4. Isihloko odumile Amakhasi 2 - "Angikwazi ukuyeka izimiso", 1988.

Yini abayisho esihlokweni adumile?

Entwasahlobo, Mashi 13, Andreeva sihloko yanyatheliswa ngo-1988, "Angikwazi ayekethise ezimisweni." Umbhalo yencwadi ukukhamuluka kusuka enhliziyweni uthisha Soviet. Isihloko walahla izinto eshicilelwe kwabezindaba, lapho ngemuva kokuqala ukusebenza kohlelo lokulwa ukuhlelwa kabusha waqala ukugxeka sokusebenzela uhulumeni inqubomgomo kaStalin.

Andreev wathi, yebo, njengazo zonke abantu baseSoviet, it has a sengqondo esingaqondile ukuze inqubomgomo kobuholi izikhathi USSR, lapho kwakukhona ukubulawa kwabantu kwenziwe ekujezisweni ngokumelene nabantu (30-40s). Kodwa njengoba Nina uveza ukuthi akudingekile ukusabalalisa intukuthelo yabo ngesikhathi Izinqubomgomo nabaholi sisonke, njengoba kwenziwa abezindaba.

Andreeva okudumisa egcwele Stalin encwadini yakhe. Njengoba ama-agumenti zokuzivikela owesifazane kuholela incwadi fake Churchill. Thishela kufanele ubuyele emuva okufanayo party futhi ekilasini nokuhlola inqubomgomo kaStalin. Ngokusho Andreev, lokho okwashiwo emaphephandabeni ngesikhathi sokulotshwa kwencwadi umbhalo obuhlanekezela umlando ingena esikhundleni amaqiniso.

Umbhali uthi abantu ababeke ukugxeka ndawonye, kukhona amalungu aleli iNtshonalanga cosmopolitanism. Abasekeli "ongumlimi socialism" nazo ngaphansi ukugxeka abangenasihe kusukela Andreeva. Esanduleleni isihloko esetshenziswa lesisho Gorbachev, lapho inqubomgomo uthi ngaphansi singekho abakwazi ayekethise izimiso kaMarx-Leninist.

Kuthiwani-ke?

Ekupheleni kuka-March 1988 incwadi Niny Andreevoy okuxoxwa ngazo ochungechungeni oluthi Politburo ngesicelo ophuthumayo uMikhail Gorbachev. Emhlanganweni , Dmitry Yazov asekelwe uthisha, bagcizelele ku uquketheni Stalin ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. ukunqoba kungenzeka awutholakali kusolakala ngaphandle umholi.

Ukuze abacwaningi abaningi futhi izazi-mlando zesizukulwane nesikhathi ukubukeka isihloko nokuxoxisana okwalandela wayesengaba letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo ukwakha kabusha. Kodwa ngokusho umbhali (Andreeva), incwadi yakhe kwaba impendulo imibhalo Prohanova Aleksandra.

umyeni Andreeva

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uNina Andreeva washada umfundisi isimo esifanayo lapho ayesebenza. Biography nasesimweni sengqondo ngokuphila we owakwakhe ayefana ncamashi.

Born VI Klyushin Januwari 23, 1926. Ngemva kokuqeda isikole wangena Leningrad ezindizayo esikoleni. Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele we edolobheni ayesebenza lathe Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe endaweni yokukhanda. Ngo-1943 Klyushin waya phambi, lapho eseneminyaka Komsomol inkampani umholi submachine. Walimala kakhulu ngo-1944 e Empini Leningrad. Ngemva indoda esibhedlela wakhonza Okokuqala saseTomsk wezikhali School, wabe waba induna a Leli qembu kulesi sigameko. Ngangizibuza izinto eziningi imiklomelo kanye izindondo zokuzivikela wezwe.

Ngemva kokuqeda inkonzo yezempi Klushin langena Leningrad State University. Zhdanov, Faculty of Philosophy. Emva kokuthola iziqu, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme Waqhubeka ukusebenza Institute of Chemical Technology. Ngo-1971 wamela zobudokotela yakhe waba uprofesa.

Klyushin Andreeva futhi bahlala ndawonye yokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngo-October 1996, indoda ishona. On isimo sempilo yakhe ehlaselwe ukucindezeleka ngasekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo, lapho ohlangothini umkakhe nabo bonke amalungu omndeni baphuthuma kusukela emazwini yonke indawo engalulethi udumo. Noma kunjalo womshado Andreeva njalo uyaziqhenya ngumkayo, waba yinsika wakhe futhi ukusekela zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe.

Russian (WaseSoviet) wemithi Nina Andreeva nomthelela emlandweni yokwakha kabusha futhi uhlala ezisenkumbulweni abantu abaningi. ngokubhala izingane zakhe ukuba zifunde emlandweni esikoleni izifundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wemithi odumile uthisha nomthelela umsebenzi wakhe ngokwesayensi. Kodwa iningi intsha yanamuhla izohlala "ugogo-Ninulkoy", abiza izingane zakhe, owesifazane wakwazi ukumelana ohlelweni, sivikele ukubukwa babo bezombusazwe isikhundla civil.