Uhlelo Wemali

Ngo onobuhle wanamuhla ithuthukiswe imakethe umnotho uhlelo credit yemali ithatha isikhundla ebalulekile indlela kwezomnotho. Kuyinto uhlelo esisebenzayo kwegazi kwezomnotho, elawula ukunikezelwa imali, ukulawula notshwala zezimali, aqoqana futhi redistributes nokuphuma kwemali, siqhuba nemizana phakathi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, ukubolekisa ngabanye kanye kwemikhakha ethile emnothweni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili imiqondo kohlelo yemali: owokuqala iqoqo credit ubudlelwane, izindlela kanye namafomu ngezimali (ifomu obusebenzayo); yesibili - iqoqo izikhungo zezimali, yona evame ukuqonda isici buthelela imali izimali okwesikhashana bese umboleke (ifomu yesikhungo).

Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma ubuhlobo ezifana yasebhange, commercial, uhulumeni, umthengi, credit ngamazwe.

Icala lesibili kuyehla kube nemingcele ezilandelayo. Modern Monetary System - indlela eyinkimbinkimbi inamazinga eziningana, okuyinto aqoqana futhi ihambisa imali. Izakhi eziyinhloko ohlelweni yilezi: Central Bank, uhlelo lukahulumeni futhi athi amabhange; kwamabhange, okubandakanya ngamabhange, ukonga, amabhange okukhethekile ukuhweba; mortgage loans, utshalomali, credit ezikhethekile kanye nezikhungo ze-non-yasebhange zezimali: izimali zempesheni, izinkampani zomshwalense kanye utshalomali orientation, izinkampani izimali, izinhlobo ezahlukene imali kanye izinhlangano loan, izisekelo yesihle.

Leli cebo ezintathu-level kuyisici sobuntu emazweni amaningi athuthukile (US, iJapan, emazweni baseNtshonalanga Yurophu). lamazwe ngamanye kuhluke degree yentuthuko amayunithi ngabanye kohlelo. I amaningi asethuthukile the okwenza imali credit uhlelo e-United States, e mayelana nokungokomunye kuso kuthambekele emazweni asethuthukile lapho ukwakha credit yabo izinhlelo.

Isimo ulawula uhlelo yemali ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukungenela zokuphatha oqondile (yizakhiwo esiqinile intengo edamu kwezimpahla, njll) kanye engaqondile kokungenela zokuphatha (ngokuziphatha komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali).

Ngakho kuba sobala ukuthi yemali credit simiso isimo yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomnotho kulezi zimo ezilandelayo etholakalayo imali zichichima zibe imikhakha eziphambili kakhulu futhi ethembisa. Kwezinye izinhlangano ngezikhathi kuphakama izimali okwesikhashana khulula (isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona imali), kuyilapho abanye - ku ezengeziwe izidingo ngezimali. Lokhu ukungqubuzana kuyinto ngempumelelo kuxazululwa yokubolekisa amabhange ngezimali credit uhlelo yezwe.

Wemali uhlelo kanye credit we Russian Federation siqukethe imikhakha emithathu: Central Bank; uhlelo yasebhange (amabhange kwesizathu sebhizinisi); credit ezikhethekile nezinye izikhungo zezimali. Lesi sakhiwo ibonisa ngokucacile izidingo umnotho wezwe useduze imodeli wesikweletu izinhlelo lamazwe athuthukile futhi baqala ukuzivumelanisa izinqubo ezintsha kwezinto ezingokoqobo kwezomnotho.

Lolu hlelo credit usenayo kwamaphutha ezithile cishe wonke amazinga (kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo amabhange amancane, zomshuwalense, izimali utshalomali futhi ngamabhange bayaqhubeka ngokukhethekile short-term credit imisebenzi, eliphumela Ukuqondisa kabusha enganele izimali ukuthuthukiswa imikhakha zezimboni kanye nezinye komnotho. Ngakho namuhla uye ngokwanele credit izici RF zinhlelo zidinga ukwenzangcono. ukusebenza Eyonga yemali-cred tnoj uhlelo iklanyelwe ukunikeza isimo nzile emnothweni kazwelonke.

uhlelo yasebhange waseRussia inamazinga ezimbili, emelelwe Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) kanye ngamabhange.