Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg: incazelo emfushane, umlando, izithombe

Izivakashi ngokumthanda kubangele eziningi ezikhangayo Petersburg. Alexander Ikholomu oluthatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwabo. Iningi lalabo abathatha uhlangothi kuya ukuza dolobha enyakatho yeRussia, wathumela endaweni yokuqala Palace Square. Nangu u-Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Kuyinto omunye zodumo komuzi. Lesi sakhiwo in the isitayela Empire elimiswe maphakathi Palace Square ngo-1834. Ukuhlela ukwakheka - Montferrand. Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg lakhiwa oda Nicholas I. Kuyinto intela inkumbulo ebaluleke kakhulu-Russia nase umhlaba wonke ukunqoba Napoleon, u-Alexander I. Ngezansi Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg (isithombe sathathwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule).

Umqondo Carlo Rossi

lokhu lesikhumbuzo ingeza Ukwakheka elalinikezelwe ukunqoba War of 1812. IKhothamo-General Abasebenzi. Carlo Rossi, umakhi abadumile, wanika umqondo kokwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi maphakathi Palace Square lesikhumbuzo kumele ibekwe. Rossi uye bhunkula bono ukubeka omunye esifanekisweni kuPetru mina ngehhashi. Wayefuna ukubona okuthile okuhlukile.

Okusalungiswa kokuqala Montferrand

Hhayi nje umbono, okuyinto waqalwa kamuva njengoba Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Chaza kafushane okusalungiswa yasekuqaleni ezihlongozwayo yilo mbusi. Ngo-1829 kwathiwa mncintiswano ngokusemthethweni evulekile. It waphendula Ogyust Monferran ukwakhiwa iphrojekthi yakho ye-grand egwadle Obelisk. Nokho, Umbusi wanquma ukuthi ngokuhlukile kancane kumele ibukeke Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. incazelo emfushane Iphrojekthi yokuqala kungenziwa ngesisekelo eksiza salo, esiwulwazi liye lalondolozwa. Umakhi ezihlongozwayo ukufaka egwadle Obelisk obude kuyinto 25,6 m, kwi plinth egwadle. Futhi kufanele ukuhlobisa phambi isici Obelisk nge bas-imifanekiso esibonisa Impi Ye-1812 izenzakalo. Umakhi wabona ogibele yesikhulumi ehhashini, okuyinto linyathele ngezinyawo zabo inyoka. Ukhozi kabili ephethwe is flying phambi kwakhe. Unkulunkulukazi wokunqoba kulandela umgibeli, Okuthwesa umqhele azithele ngabandayo. Imifanekiso emibili besifazane kukhona ihhashi.

Umthelela imiklamo odlule namaphrojekthi ngabanye

Eyesibili iphrojekthi, ukusebenza kamuva babegqoka ukufakwa kwekholomu, okuphakama kwawo idlula badunyiswe nokunqoba of Napoleon Vendome ogibele eponymous sikwele. Auguste Montferrand wanikelwa njengomhlatshelo eyaholela ekwakhiweni kwaleli robhothi uTrajan waseRoma amakholomu. Ukuhlela ukwakheka ukwenaba ewumngcingo kwale phrojekthi ayivunyelwe ukubaleka ethonyeni amasampula, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. ukuguqulwa okuncane imibono amandulela kuphela kwaba Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Incazelo yalo Nokho, bekungeke kube olunembile ngempela, uma thina akazange aliphathe nakancane igama ubunjalo lokhu lesikhumbuzo. It Montferrand wazwakalisa ubuntu bakhe siqu, enqabe ukusebenzisa ekwakhiweni imihlobiso ezengeziwe ezifana imifanekiso, ezizongolozele Kuvunguza induku uTrajan ikholomu. Umakhi wakhetha ukukhombisa ubuhle ophucuziwe egwadle pink. 25,6 m ukuphakama Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Montferrand lesikhumbuzo yakhe lakhiwa yibo bonke ekhona. Ngo-1829, September 24, iphrojekthi sivunyiwe yilo mbusi kuleli fomu entsha, ngaphandle sekugcineni sculptural. Esikhathini kusuka 1829 kuya 1834 kwakhiwa.

Ukumba ngoba amakholomu esizayo

Ukuze ingxenye eyinhloko kukholamu (egwadle dwala) lalisetshenziswa idwala. umqophi wayo waba evezwe esandulele uhambo lwabo eFinland. Ngo 1830-32 GG. Ukuze akhiphe pre-ukwelashwa edwaleni ku inkwali Pyuterlakskoy esiphakathi Fredrikshamn futhi Vyborg. Ngu indlela Sukhanov kwenziwe le misebenzi. VA Yakovlev futhi SV Kolodkin lawula ukukhiqiza. Uma, ohlola idwala nabakhi waqinisekisa nokufaneleka indaba, nginqume nezibhebhe yakhe ngobukhulu kakhulu lidlula ikholomu esizayo. amadivaysi Giant zazisetshenziselwa lokhu: esangweni elikhulu futhi iziyisikhombisa ukuhambisa omkhulu imbokodo phezulu bese yezingodo ke embhedeni nokunwebeka kanye ezithambile ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi lapnika. Kusukela idwala efanayo ngemva esasihlukanisa preform wanqunywa isisekelo lesikhumbuzo matshe amakhulukazi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo ayenesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-400.

Ukuthunyelwa itshe namakholomu Petersburg

Kwakunzima kakhulu ngesikhathi ukuze lelisu ezifana iphrojekthi wokuvelela njengoba Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo axhunyiwe hhayi kuphela isizinda itshe, kodwa futhi zokuthutha yayo. Amanzi wathwalwa yizingelosi ukulethwa ikholomu esizayo e Saint-Petersburg. Barca design ekhethekile iye yaba nesandla kulolu. i-dwala ukukhohlisa ngokwakhe ayengeke on the spot, bese elungiselela ukuphuma aye ezokuthutha. UColonel Glasin, unjiniyela omkhumbi, wasebenza zokuhamba. It yakhelwe bese wakha isikebhe ekhethekile okuthiwa "Saint Nicholas." umthwalo umthamo wayo kuze kube amathani 1100. A pier ekhethekile yakhelwa ukulayisha imisebenzi. Nge isiteji ngokhuni ukuba afeze ukulayisha. Ikholomu yayigcwele ebhodini, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yamalahle ezimbili towed isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla dwala waya Kronstadt, bese - ku Petersburg kuze Palace Embankment. Ngo 1832, July 1, wathatha ukufika Petersburg maphakathi ikholomu esizayo - izenzakalo ezibalulekile yaphawula umlando Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg.

isisekelo izinsika

On Palace Square kusukela 1829, kwaqala umsebenzi ukwakhiwa kwalesi isinyathelo futhi isisekelo. Bekabadosa Montferrand, wezakhiwo ka-Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Ngokuyinhloko olwenziwa ukuhlola Geological eliseduze indawo. ezwekazini Sandy kwatholakala at a 5.2 m eseduze isikwele ukujula. Beka i-amakholomu yokutholwa ngo-1829. 1250-imitha eziyisithupha zikaphayini yinqwaba abangu sinqunywe phansi yayo. Base usike ezingeni umoya. Ngakho, ngithola phansi ngaphansi kwesisekelo, okuyinto kwakufanele abe Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg. Incazelo emfushane isisekelo elandelayo. Siqukethe amabhlogo egwadle kwetshe ezimbili izinyawo obukhulu. Ipulangwe obeka isisekelo wethulwa endaweni umkhathizwe. Bronze ibhokisi nge kubalwa yokudumisa ukunqoba War of 1812 zemali elele phakathi nendawo. Imisebenzi zaphela ngo-1830, ngo-Okthoba. Umculi G. Gagarin ethumba ngendwangu yakhe, indlela yokwakha Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg.

zokutshala ikholomu

A esigabeni esisha kokusiphakamisela a dwala 400 ton kuze kube sesisekelweni. Lokhu dwala ukhonza njengelungu kumila isinyathelo. Ngalezo zinsuku, yebo, kwakungelula ukusungula isisekelo libe yitshe elisindayo. Kodwa thina babhekana kanjani nalesi msebenzi. Ngo 1832, kuya ku-July, le isinyathelo waphela, futhi ikholomu dwala kwaba isendleleni. Manje kwaba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu - isethwe ikholomu isinyathelo. Lasekuqaleni lift uhlelo lwenzelwe A. A. Betankurom ngoDisemba 1830. Ngenxa yalesi yezinsiza kwakudingeka 47 amamitha eliphezulu, capstans 60, kanye uhlelo amabhlogo.

Ikholomu ku kundiza enalokho kuthambekela ezigingqagingqa isiteji elikhethekile, esemgwaqweni esinqeni ihlathi. Ngemva kwalokho, wathandela izindandatho intambo ngamayunithi enamathiselwe. Phezu yezinsiza kwaba nezinye amabhulokhi uhlelo. Inani elikhulu izindophi oluzungeza Itshe lasisusiwe kuze kube semikhawulweni okuxekethile awengubo endaweni capstans. UMbusi kanye lonke asebukhosini weza ukuze sivuselele. On Palace Square ngokushayela ime mpo kwekholomu kwathatha Betancourt nekuletsa gezi abasebenzi 400 kanye namasosha 2,000, ukufakwa 1 li-awa 45 emaminithi dwala.

Ukusungulwa esifanekisweni esiqongweni kukholamu

Ngemva ukufakwa kwadingeka kuphela ukubophela nokufakwa kanye bas ipuleti esisekelweni, futhi enze wokucwebezelisa ikholomu. Ngo-September 1830, ngo parallel umsebenzi wokwakha ngamakhalamu, Montferrand uye nazo zazisebenza lapha esifanekisweni, eyayizoba umqhele wakhe. Kwadingeka ukuba ziqondiswe, ngokuvumelana uthanda Nicholas mina, ukuze Winter Palace. Ikholomu ku okusalungiswa yokuqala esiphambanweni, okuyinto zizungezwé yinyoka. Okugweda Academy of Arts, ngaphezu, linikeza ongakhetha eziningana ingelosi nge esiphambanweni. Ngenxa yalokho, izibalo wenza BI Orlovsky, sesamukelwe ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo. kweminyaka emibili eyathatha wokucwebezelisa futhi kokuqeda we lesikhumbuzo.

Ekwethulweni kwakaMongameli lesikhumbuzo

Ngo-1834, August 30, umsebenzi Palace Square zaphela. UMbusi nomkhaya, zamanxusa, abameleli ibutho Russian kanye 100,000th amabutho Russian emcimbini wokuvula. Ezizungeze Orthodox kwenziwa. Ehamba kuvulwa izimfundiso onesizotha, ephelele esinqeni ikholomu. Ukugubha kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo wakhipha ruble esiyisikhumbuzo, okuyinto kunyatheliswa zaba 15,000 zemali.

Incazelo lesikhumbuzo

Amasampula lokunqoba izakhiwo okusikhumbuza izinsuku zasendulo Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg, isithombe ukuthi okwethulwa kulesi sihloko. Ubuhle okumangazayo ukuma komklamo, ifomu laconic, ukuzwakala enkulu onaleli lesikhumbuzo. He is eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni, wadala kusuka egwadle okuqinile. Ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele lesikhumbuzo ingelosi sibalo, wenza Borisom Orlovskim. Ubeke isandla sakhe sobunxele, ezine-Latin engu- futhi uvusa ezulwini ngakwesokunene. Sitsheke inhloko ingelosi emhlabeni iqondiswe amehlo akhe. sibalo kwakhe emhlabeni, okusalungiswa kokuqala Montferrand wayencika induku steel. Nokho, kamuva kukhishwe. Lapho kubuyiselwa kwenziwa, kwaba sobala ukuthi ingelosi aphethwe isisindo sawo 2002-2003. Ubuso bakhe enamathiselwe zifana Tsar Alexander I. Cross Angel linyathele inyoka elifanekisela ukuzola nokuthula ukuthi iRussia alethwa eYurophu ukunqotshwa amabutho sikaNapoleon. Kufanane ikholomu igcizelela ukukhanya sibalo ingelosi futhi engu- mpo, okuyinto uyaqhubeka lesikhumbuzo mpo.

lethusi kocingo

Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg sizungezwe zethusi kocingo, okuyinto eyayenziwa phezu okusalungiswa Montferrand. ukuphakama kwalo imayelana 1.5 m It wamiswa ngo-1834, futhi ngokugcwele zonke izici -. Ngo 1836-1837, ngokulandelana. ibhokisi Sentry Yakhiwa ekhoneni mpumalanga ke. It yakhutshazwa Guards begqoke ukuma. He is imini nobusuku kuqashelwe lokhu lesikhumbuzo ezibalulekile njengoba Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg, kanye ukugcina ukuhleleka Palace Square.