I-APF Sberbank: ukubuyekezwa. I-NPF Sberbank: inzuzo

Iphensheni ayiyona inkululeko kuphela ye-FIU, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zephrofayli efanele. Omunye owaziwa kakhulu yi-APF Sberbank. Yini ebonisa imisebenzi yalesi sikhwama sempesheni esingeyona uhulumeni? Kuthiwani amakhasimende? Yiziphi izikhundla zalesi sikhwama kuzilinganiso?

Iyini isikhwama sempesheni engezona uhulumeni

Ngaphambi kokuhlola isikhwama sempesheni se-Sberbank esingeyona yombuso, kuyoba usizo ukuqhuba ukucindezelwa okuncane okuyingxenye eyinhloko yenkinga yamanje. Uhlobo luni lwenhlangano ? Izimali zempesheni ezingezona zombuso - yiziphi izici zomsebenzi wabo nenhloso yalesi sikhungo?

Ama-NPF wokuqala avela kuma-90s, kodwa isikhathi eside awazange asetshenziswe kabanzi. Ziyindlela ehlukile yenhlangano kahulumeni - IsiKhwama sePensheni yaseRussia, esaba ngumlandeli wezomthetho wesakhiwo esifanayo esasetshenziswa e-USSR. Ukwakhiwa kwezimali ezizimele, kusho ochwepheshe, ngesifiso sombuso ukunciphisa umthwalo wesabelomali. Ngendlela ngayiphi indlela?

Iqiniso liwukuthi iningi lezibopho zomhlalaphansi zombuso ezakhamuzi, ngokusekelwe kulokho okushiwo uhlelo lwamanje lokuphepha kwezenhlalakahle eRussian Federation, luvela ekubunjweni kwengxenye ekhokhelwe imali. Ingxenye eyisisekelo yezibopho iyingcosana - isimo sayo sithatha kakhulu.

Izimali zempesheni ezingekho ngaphansi kombuso, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi zinikeza izinga eliphakeme lezinkokhelo ezihlobene ngenxa yezinhlelo zokutshala izimali ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla, ukubamba iqhaza ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni izibambiso kanye neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho efanelekile. Njengomthetho, i-APF yale njongo ibambisana nezinkampani zokuphatha, eziphatha amasu anjalo wezezimali.

Amaphesenti ahlala emalini avikelwe ngokwanele ngumthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwamukelwa kwe-APF emisebenzini manje isiqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke inkampani enengozi yokuqeda imali ayikwazi ukungena emakethe. Manje eRussia kunamashumi amaningana ama-APF amakhulu. Phakathi kwabo - isikhwama sempesheni esingeyona uhulumeni waseSberbank. Uyini okucacile kwemisebenzi yakhe? Kukhulu kangakanani inzuzo yeSberbank NPF ka-2013 futhi kulindeleke ngo-2014?

Ulwazi jikelele

Sizofunda ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nesikhwama ngaphansi kokucwaninga. Umsunguli wesiKhwama sePensheni nguSberbank waseRussia, isikweletu esikhulu kunazo zonke kanye nesikhungo sezimali sezwe lethu. Isikhwama samiswa ngo-1995, eminyakeni emithathu emva kokushicilelwa koMongameli weMongameli, owaba umthetho wokuqala wezomthetho olawula imisebenzi yenkampani.

Lesi sikhwama sempesheni esingeyona uhulumeni siyingxenye yohlu oluhambisana nezwe. Ngokusho kwama-ejenti amaningi e-analytical, ukulinganisa kwe-Sberbank sika-NPF kungenye yezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekusebenziseni izimali zempesheni ezingezona zombuso. Ngokweyinye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu ezakha izilinganiso ezifanele, lesi sikhwama sinokwethenjelwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuyinhloko, ochwepheshe besiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, kanye nenhlangano efana ne-Expert RA ihambisana nezikhundla ezinjalo.

I-NPF i-Sberbank yaseRussia ibhekisela ezinhlanganweni ezibizwa ngokuthi "isikhwama sohlobo oluvulekile." Lesi sikhungo sinikeza izinhlelo ezahlukene zempesheni ngabanye kanye nabamabhizinisi. Ikakhulukazi, izakhamizi zingakwazi ukuthola inkontileka yezinsizakalo (zombili emkhakheni womshuwalense ophoqelekile, nokuhlinzekela ukubambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokuxhasa ngezimali) kanye nenhlangano esemthethweni. Kungenzeka ukuphothula izinkontileka ngemigomo ngayinye, ngaphakathi lapho uhlelo lwempesheni oluhlelwa khona oluhlangabezana nesimiso somthetho.

Amakheli APF Sberbank angatholakala cishe noma yisiphi isifunda saseRussia. Lesi sikhwama sesempesheni esingekho esimweni sesinye sezidume kakhulu eRussian Federation, amagatsha awo amelwa ensimini yezwe ngokubanzi. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-APF yenziwa ngamahhovisi enkampani yomzali, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zenethiwekhi ye-agency.

Isakhiwo sokuphatha

Isakhiwo esiphakeme sokuphathwa kwenhlangano nguMkhandlu weSisekelo. Uphethe izindaba nezinkinga nokuphathwa jikelele kwalesi sikhungo. IBhodi leSisekelo liphinde lenze izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo yokulawula, ivume izinhlelo zokuphatha izimali zempesheni, zibala inzuzo nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza zezimali.

Esikhathini sokuphathwa kwesakhiwo se-SPF Sberbank kukhona iKomitjhini yama-Audit. Kukhokhwa kwakhe ukulawula imisebenzi yezomnotho yenhlangano. Ikhomishana ikhethwe nguMkhandlu weSisekelo. Futhi esakhiweni sokuphatha senhlangano kukhona iBhodi labaQaphi. Ekhono lakhe - ukuqondisa imisebenzi yenhlangano ngokuhambisana nomthetho. Ibhodi labaphathiswa libandakanya abameleli abagunyaziwe amaklayenti esikhwama.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha

Ngo-Ephreli 2014 isikhwama sasihlelwa kabusha futhi sathola isimo esisha senhlangano nesomthetho. Manje ibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-ZAO NPF Sberbank. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, lesi sikhwama sasinesimo "senhlangano yokuphepha yomphakathi engeyona inzuzo". Wonke amalungelo nezibopho ze-APF esebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lwefomu langaphambilini lokuphatha alishintshi enhlanganweni eyaqala ukusebenza njengezinkampani ezihlangene.

Ubukhulu bekhanda eligunyaziwe le-NPF Sberbank ngesimo se-CJSC - rublegidi eziyizigidi ezingu-150. Amasheya angaphansi komsunguli. Okusho ukuthi, iSberbank waseRussia. Ukufakwa kwesitokisi, njengoba ochwepheshe bathi, kuhlotshaniswa nezidingo ezintsha zomthetho. Ngokusho kwabo, kuze kube nguJanuwari 1, 2016, wonke ama-APF, emisebenzini yawo esebenzayo kuphrofayli yomshuwalense wempesheni ephoqelekile, kufanele aguqulwe abe izinkampani ezibambisene nazo. Uma imisebenzi ye-APF, ihlanganisa i-TSO kanye nokusekelwa okungewona uhulumeni, kumele kukhishwe isikhwama, esibhekene nomsebenzi esiqondisweni sokuqala ngokwehlukana. Futhi, ama-NPF, okusebenza kwawo ahlobene nokuhlinzekwa okungewona uhulumeni, angaphansi komabhizinisi ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 2019. Uma izimali zohlobo olufanele zingasetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa esikhathini esibekwe ngumthetho, zizokwaziswa.

Regalia

I-NPF Sberbank - inhlangano eye yakwazi ukuthola okuningi imiklomelo yembonini yemiphumela yemisebenzi yayo. Ngumuphi phakathi kwabo ongaqaphela kuqala?

Ngo-2013, isibonelo, isikhwama sanikezwa idiploma ehloniphekile yesikhungo se "Expert RA" (esenza izilinganiso zezimali). Ukuqokwa - "Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlinzeko ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni." Ngonyaka ofanayo uNPF Sberbank wathola omunye umklomelo. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Financial Elite yaseRussia". Ukuphakanyiswa kuzwakala njenge "Dynamics of development".

Ngo-2012 iNPF Sberbank nayo yanikezwa umklomelo ovela ku "Expert RA". Kodwa ukuphakanyiswa kwavela ngokuhlukile - "Ukukhula okuphezulu kwekhasimende lesisekelo se-APF". Ngonyaka ofanayo i-APF ithole umklomelo we- "Financial Olympus 2011". Ukuphakanyiswa okuhambisanayo kuboniswe njenge "Retail NPF". Yanikezwa esigabeni esikhethekile, esibizwa ngokuthi "Amandla nokusebenza kahle".

Ngo-2011 iNPF i-Sberbank nayo yathola izaziso ezivela ku "Expert RA". Futhi kanyekanye ngeziphakamiso eziningana. Okokuqala "Ngokwezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwamakhasimende". Owesibili "ukuthuthukisa izinkomba zokuthembeka."

Ngo-2010, njengoba kuboniswe ngemininingwane evela emithonjeni eminingi, i-Sberbank NPF yiyona kuphela inhlangano ensimini yayo eyaba ngumnikazi wesiklomelo se- "Company of the Year". Ukuphakanyiswa kubonakala sengathi "kwezezimali". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka ofanayo isisekelo sathola umklomelo "Wezezimali 2010". Ukuphakanyiswa okuhambisanayo kubonakala sengathi "Ukubukeka kwecebo."

Ngo-2009, i-APF yaba yinkampani kuphela ensimini yayo eyanikezwa umklomelo we- "Financial Olympus". Ukuphakanyiswa kubhekwe ngokuthi "Isu lokuphatha lesikhwama sempesheni esingeyona yombuso". Ngo-2008, isiKhwama sathola umklomelo we "Count Guriev" ngokubambisana okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni yephrofayela. Ngo-2007, i-NPF yanikezwa umklomelo we "Financial Olympus". Ukuphakanyiswa kubhekwe ngokuthi "Isu lokuphatha lesikhwama sempesheni esingeyona yombuso".

Imibono yekhasimende

I-regalia e-NPF Sberbank yanele. Kodwa imibono yabathengi ihambisana kanjani nayo? Iyini uhlobo lokubuyekezwa abashiya kuma-intanethi ye-Internet embonini? I-APF i-Sberbank - enokwethenjelwa, uma uqhubeka ngokubona kwamakhasimende, isakhiwo? Lo mbuzo uyingqayizivele. Kodwa sizozama ukunikeza iziqondiso zempendulo engenzeka kuyo.

Uma sithatha njengesisekelo ukuhlolwa komsebenzi we-SPF Sberbank ngamakhasimende ka-2014 noma eminyakeni eyedlule, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amaqembu amabili imibono. Owokuqala abahambisani nezwe. Owesibini - omuhle. Mayelana nokuqala. Abantu bahlatshwa umxhwele ukutholakala kanye nekhwalithi yesikhungo sesevisi, esakhiwe yi-Sberbank. Ungaya kunoma yiliphi igatsha le-credit kanye nenhlangano yezimali efanele futhi ubuze noma yimiphi imibuzo ephathelene nomsebenzi we-APF, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengamanye amaklayenti akhomba, izinga lemithwalo yemithwalo yeminyango yeminye iminyango, okungenzeka kungenzeka, ingeyona indlela esebenzayo ngokugcwele yokusebenzisana kwezikhwama kanye nesakhiwo esasungula, akuhlali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi lokhu kungenye indlela ebonisa impendulo. I-NPF i-Sberbank, ngesikhathi esifanayo idunyiswa ngobuchwepheshe (emva kwesikhashana sizokwethula le nciance). Baqaphela izinga eliphezulu lokubika. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwemiphumela yonyaka, amakhasimende athola njalo imibhalo echaza lokho iNPF Sberbank ikhiqiza isikhathi esithile. Uhlobo olunjalo lwempendulo lungabonakala ukuthi luhle kakhulu. Futhi kulesi sigaba kukhona imibono ekhombisa izinga eliphakeme labaxhumanisi abathintekayo abaphetha nabakhamizi inkontileka yemisebenzi yempesheni. Nakuba, njengoba ezinye izazi ziphawula, lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi akuhlobene ngqo nomgomo wabasebenzi base-Sberbank.

Akukona kuphela umbiko wekhasimende ongaxoxa ngombono womphakathi mayelana nemisebenzi yesikhwama. I-NPF i-Sberbank ikhona eziningana okuthiwa "izilinganiso zabantu", ihlanganiswe ngamanye amarekhodi embonini. Kulesi simo, njengoba umthetho, ikhwalithi yenkonzo ihlolwa. Izikhundla eziqondile zalesi sikhwama, noma kunjalo, ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezihumusho ezahlukene zezilinganiso.

I-elekthronikhi

Eqinisweni, manje mayelana nesici esibonisa isimo samanje sesakhiwo. Ngenhla saphawula ukuthi umsebenzi we-SPF Sberbank uhambele ngokwanele kwezobuchwepheshe - futhi lokhu kuphawulwe kuqala ngamakhasimende. Ikakhulukazi mayelana neziteshi ze-intanethi zokuxhumana phakathi kwezimali kanye nabatshalizimali. Njalo iklayenti ineSberbank Pension Fund "IKhabhinethi yomuntu siqu", ukufinyelela okungenzeka ngokusebenzisa isiphequluli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasimende amasha angafaka isicelo sokubhalisa ohlelweni lweNPF ngokusebenzisa isayithi lensiza. Kwanele ukuskena izithombe, ama-passports, i-SNILS, bese uwalayisha ngefomu le-intanethi. Ngokwezinye izazi, ubuchwepheshe besikhathi samanje obufakwa kwi-NPF Sberbank ("iKhabinethi Yomuntu" kuqala), iyoba yindlela ejwayelekile yomkhakha futhi izosetshenziswa ngezinye izimali.

Ukuzuza

Manje empeleni mayelana nemali engenayo. Kunenzuzo kangakanani ukunikeza impesheni ngaphansi kokuphathwa kweSberbank Pension Fund? 2014 ithembisa ukuthi izothola inzuzo, ngokusekelwe esimweni sezomnotho?

Okokuqala, izazi ziphawula ukuthi izinzuzo zokuxhumana nezimpesheni ezingezona zombuso zempesheni zixhomeke kakhulu ekutheni izinkontileka eziphethwe phakathi kwabo nezakhamizi ziphi. Izinkontileka ezinenzuzo kunazo zonke yizinhlelo okuthiwa ngabanye. Iqiniso liwukuthi livumelaniswe ne-nuance yangempela yeRussia - umholo "ezinkukhunjini". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwesivumelwane lufanelekile izakhamizi ezineholo elidlula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-47 (ngoba lokhu kuyisisekelo esiphezulu sokubala iminikelo yempesheni).

Manje kuya ngqo. Yiziphi izinkomba zokuhlomula ze-APB ye-Sberbank ka-2013? Isilinganiso eshicilelwe yinhlangano ngu-6.74%. Kuye umuntu ovamile, kungenzeka ukuthi kungase kubonakale kuthobekile. Kodwa-ke, liphakeme kunamanani e-inflation, okuyi-2013 afika ku-6.5%. Futhi lokhu kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhumana nama-NPF, ochwepheshe bayakholelwa. Ukukhuluma ngokulandelana, kuyinkinga ukuthola izindleko ezinkulu zama-deposit of NPFs. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela impesheni emalini emali. Futhi uma i-APF ihlangabezana nalokhu, imiphumela yemisebenzi yayo, ngokuyisisekelo, ingahlolwa njengokuhle. Yilokho abacwaningi bacabanga ngakho. I-inflation ikwazi ukuphathwa kahle, uma ubheka imiphumela ka-2013, esungulwe isakhiwo esinamandla njengoSberbank, NPF. Ubufakazi bamakhasimende bubonisa ukuthi izinkomba ngokuvamile zifanelana nezakhamizi. Nakuba, njengabahlinzeki be-APF, kunezikhwama lapho isivuno siphezulu.

Kodwa-ke, kunengqondo ukutadisha izinkomba hhayi kuphela ngonyaka owodwa, kodwa futhi iminyaka eminingana. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ekota yokuqala ka-2013 inzuzo yeSberbank NPF yayingaba ngu-70%. Futhi lokhu okuningi, cishe ngo-31%, ngaphezulu kunezinkokhelo ezithintekayo zesikhathi esifanayo. Okwamanje, ngokwezinye izilinganiso zemboni, isilinganiso sonyaka sonyaka we-Sberbank sika-APF singu-7.86%.

Amathemba

Yiziphi izibikezelo zezochwepheshe zesikhwama sokuzuza? Yimaphi amathuba okuthi amarekhodi embonini ayohlala enhle, aqondiswe kumbiko wekhasimende le-NPF Sberbank? 2014 - kunzima eRussia emigomweni yezombusazwe nezombusazwe. Izigwegwe ziyobathinta kanjani ukuwa kwamafutha nama-ruble ngentengo yezimali ezingezona zombuso zempesheni?

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isici esinqumayo lapha yizenzo zikahulumeni waseRussia. Kungenzeka ukuthi abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi iziphathimandla kuzodingeka zisebenze kanzima ukuvuselela isu eliphelele lezokuthuthukisa umnotho kulelizwe. Uma uhulumeni angakwazi ukumelana nezinselelo ezichazwe ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphandle, khona-ke kunamathuba onke ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwezakhamuzi ku-APF kuzodla ngokwanele.

Izici zezinkomba zokulinganisa nezomnotho

Manje mayelana nezilinganiso nezinkomba zezimali. Ingabe kufanelekile ukuba unakekele ngokusemthethweni? Ngakanani izinga amaklayenti abukeza ngokubambisana nawo? I-APF yeSberbank yaseRussia, njengoba yaziwa, ihlolwe ngesilinganiso esiphakeme yi-ejensi yezinga "le-Expert RA". Ngokusho kwesinye sezibikezelo zakamuva zale nhlangano, ukuthembeka kwalesi sikhwama kuzomiswa. Kukhona ezinye izilinganiso, okuyinhloko, ezicatshangelwa lezo zinkomba njengenani lamaklayenti, inzuzo, futhi zibandakanya amathuluzi amaningi okuhlaziya emkhakheni wezomnotho - njengokuthi, isibonelo se-Sharpe Ratio. Kuzo isikhwama sinezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.

Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi i-NPF ye-Sberbank yabonisa ukuguqulwa kokukhula okuphezulu phakathi kwezinhlangano ezingxenyeni zayo engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2013. Ngomthamo wokulondolozwa, isikhwama sangena eziphezulu ezintathu ngo-2013. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inkampani ikhona ezinhlanganweni ze-TOP-10 zephrofayela yayo ngokulingana nenani lamaklayenti anezinkontileka zomshuwalense wempesheni edingekayo, kanye nama-NGO.

Inani elilinganiselwe lomnikelo weklayenti kwi-NPF ye-Sberbank ingu-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-56. Lesi sibonakaliso singesinye sezikhulu eziphezulu phakathi kwezimali eziholayo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.3 ngaphezu kwemilinganiso emakethe. Ekupheleni kuka-2013 uNPF Sberbank wasithatha isamba semakethe ka-6.65%. Umthamo wokuqongelela ungaphezu kwama-ruble angu-72 wezigidigidi.