Uhlelo Russian yemali

Uhlelo yemali Russia kulawulwa imithetho "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation" 2002, July 10 futhi "Ngo Amabhange Banking Umsebenzi" ngo-2006, ku-Julayi 27. Zonke izici ezingokomthetho uhlelo yemali, imisebenzi yayo, imisebenzi kanye namandla we-Bank of Russia ichazwe ngu mithetho.

UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation sezimali kanye lwemali imigomo, ekushayweni imali, imisebenzi amabhange federal iphathelene emkhakheni kwekhono WaseRussia. Kwezinkambiso umthetho wezimali inquma isimo uhlelo yemali yezwe. umthetho Civil ulawula ubunikazi imali kanye nokukhokhwa amalungiselelo nabo. umthetho wokuqondisa ichaza ukuba secaleni ukwephulwa inqubo kunyatheliswa imali. umthetho Criminal sinquma izinhlawulo amacala enziwe uhlelo lwezimali (avame - mbumbulu, njll).

I yemali simiso emnothweni emakethe libhekene ekuhlukanisweni kunyatheliswa imali phakathi amabhange, udaba ngokuhlukana-non-ukheshi kanye cash phakathi ukusebenza ohlelweni Banking, ukuqedwa okuqukethwe igolide ukudluliswa imali imali credit, ukuntuleka yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo ka-non-ukheshi kanye cash flow, isimo isiqondiso yemali, eyodwa ukuphathwa cash uhlelo usebenzisa izindlela kwezomnotho, uhlela umhlahlo inzuzo imali kuleli lizwe, kutimela ibhange elikhulu nohlobo isimo, ukusungulwa amanani emakethe futhi esikalini alyut. Lona uhlelo Russian lemali.

Russian uhlelo yemali kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo: iyunithi yemali, oda Ukukhishwa imali, ukulawula imali kwegazi.

Iyunithi lwemali kuyinto Rouble ehlanganisa amasenti (Imininingwane 100). isingeniso Legislative nezinye amayunithi yemali ensimini yezwe akuvunyelwe. isilinganiso ruble nanoma yimuphi izinsimbi eziyigugu kungukuthi yethulwa e-Russia. ruble kuya lwemali esabekwa Central Bank.

Ziyakwazi zomthetho imali yamaphepha ithenda kanye zemali. Basuke unikezwe impahla ye-Central Bank, okuhlanganisa izinqolobane igolide wezwe, tsenny6e isimo sezinga iphepha izinqolobane of credit izikhungo ngesikhathi akhawunti Bank of Russia.

Ukukhipha imali kuhlelembisa emithini yabo okwesula emakethe unelungelo kuphela Bank of Russia. Nguye okufanele sisolwe ngokuphelele isimo isimo yemali zomnotho kuleli zwe iyonke.

Supply imali yezwe liqukethe amanothi zemali. Amasampula zonke imali yamaphepha, zemali Central Bank uthi. Ukukhiqizwa zemali entsha noma imali yamaphepha kuhambisana imibiko yabezindaba. Zonke izinkokhelo ziyadingeka ukwamukela izinkokhelo kulo lonke izwe, kanye nokudluliswa, imali futhi zifakwe ku-akhawunti.

Modern uhlelo malini Russia libhekene ezingeni emhlabeni ezijulileyo saturation imali inzuzo kwezomnotho. izwe ukwenza imali ngesilinganiso 20% (ababhekene nazo emazweni asethuthukile 50-100%). Supply imali yezwe libhekene izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu yemali kulo (abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabo bonke isisindo imali), okuholela esiya ngokuya siba sibi we ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu lwezigaba athile kanye namabhizinisi.

Ungqimba yemali yezwe lukhula ngenxa exchange angaphandle ziyamaniswa nokungangeni ezinkulu kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwamanani kawoyela. nokuthengiswa waseRussia idlule ukungena, okuholela ekwandeni ibhalansi omuhle futhi sakhula isibalo zezimali. Benana ukuthekelisa izimali ophoqelelwe Bank of Russia ukukhipha ruble, okwandisa supply imali.

uhlelo Russian yemali kulawulwa Central Bank on the izinkomba esemqoka kwenqubomgomo yemali. Namuhla, kunesidingo ukuguqula isimiso yemali, okuyinto ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani ezimpahla kanye nokwephula imisebenzi eyinhloko lwemali kazwelonke njengendlela esebenzisa ukusakazwa nokukhokhwa ezihlobene yokuthi kanye ruble ubiza dollar, euro ezahlukene psevdoplatezhnye izindlela (izitifiketi, izibopho zentela, njll).

ukuzungeza Monetary ku Russian Federation kwenziwe imali futhi non-cash. Kule nqubo, ukuhanjiswa kwemali ukhonza kujikeleta kwetimphahla, izinkokhelo ukudla, kanye nemizana. Lapho izindlela imali nokusakazwa zokukhokha imali yangempela (imali yamaphepha), okuyinto adluliswa abadlali ngokumelene nomunye izimpahla, izinsiza, kanye nezinye izimo ezinikezwe ngumthetho. Lapho non-cash kwegazi kushintsha tibalo lemali kokulandisa izinhlangano emabhange zafundiswa akhawunti saletinye.