Savings Bank - ebhange kwezohwebo noma kahulumeni?

OJSC "Sberbank" - iyona enkulu kunazo zonke isikhungo sezezimali hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi CIS. It has a inethiwekhi enkulu amagatsha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukusungulwa - yilungiselelo anhlobonhlobo utshalomali kanye yasebhange amasevisi. I shareholder main futhi umsunguli we isikhungo sezezimali Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Ingumnikazi ngaphezulu kwengxenye share capital futhi wabelane ukuvota. Mayelana 40% wamasheya is owned by izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Njengoba umengameli lesikhungo, futhi Usihlalo Webhodi German Gref fanele.

Umlando omncane

Central "Sberbank" waqala nomlando wayo e-1841. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi Emperor Nicholas 1 isikhipha umyalo phezu kumiswa ukonga amabhange. Umshini wokushintsha imali yokuqala wavulwa kakade 1842 Petersburg. Ngo-1987, yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi wokuphumula isisekelo ukwakheka ukonga ibhange abolekise sabantu, kuhlanganise abantu zomthetho. Isakhiwo isikhungo sezezimali babe 15 amabhange umlingisi kazwelonke. Leyo nkathi kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi nakanjani, "Sberbank" - inzuzo noma umphakathi isikhungo sezezimali. Kusukela ngehlobo lika-1990, ngomyalo Supreme Council of Russia, "National Bank" yaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezwe impahla WaseRussia. Ekupheleni kuka-1990, inhlangano yezimali lalenziwa le CRA. Ngo-1991, kwaba lula ukuphendula ngokucacile umbuzo "Savings Bank" - a commercial noma ibhange likahulumeni. Ngemva isikhungo laba impahla yabantwana Central Bank, ithole isimo ezisemthethweni okuhlangene isitokwe ebhange zentengiso.

Izikhathi zezinhlekelele kanye wombuso aid

Isikhathi ezenzakalelayo ku 1998. isikhungo sezezimali ubhekana nezinkinga, hhayi kuphela ngokwandisa izimali izinsiza, kodwa futhi ngokusekela kwabangane isimo. "Sberbank" ingxenye enkulu impahla Central Bank of Russia, echaza isithakazelo kahulumeni ekusebenzeni sikhungo. Isikimu efanayo iye yasiza uthole ukusekelana izikhungo zezimali kanye kusuka Inkinga 2008 ngonyaka. Ngakho, ngo-2010, lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhange wagumbuqela ngokuphelele Commission ezihlobene mortgages, loans umthengi kanye loans imoto. Abantu uyasho ku amazinga ngabanye. Lesi simo ukubangela izinkinga lapho sicabangela umbuzo ngokuthi "Sberbank" - inzuzo noma embuso yasebhange, njengoba isikhungo linikeza kwezikhathi zokulotshwa esibucayi, izinhlelo inzuzo eziningi.

Bank ngaphandle Russia

Ngo-2012, ibhange esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia kakade wathola isihloko umholi Ukukhishwa wesikweletu. Umthamo ukubolekisa ngesikhathi kwaba ruble ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150. Ngo okufanayo kwenziwa ukudayiswa ngo-7.6% esigxotsheni kuwufanele ruble ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5. Impendulo yalo mbuzo othi: "Savings Bank" - ebhange kwezohwebo noma kahulumeni "itholakala oyiyo. I isikhungo sezezimali has ezingaphansi amathathu CIS. isikhungo sezezimali legatsha ezisebenza ngempumelelo e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan kanye Belarus. Ukumelwa khona kanye e-Europe. Lokhu «Sberbank Europe AG» namahhovisi e-Austria, «DenizBank» nendlunkulu eTurkey «Sberbank Switzerland AG» nge okusemthethweni eJalimane. inhlangano ukumelwa kukhona e-India neChina.

Imisebenzi ebhange namuhla

Impendulo yombuzo ngokuthi "Savings Bank" - umbuso noma kwezohwebo yasebhange, kusobala. isakhiwo Commercial ithatha isikhundla okuholela isici ivolumu kwempahla, kanye inombolo yama-akhawunti samanje kumakhasimende ezinkampani, zazo zikhona okungenani kwesigidi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi isenzo "Ukulondoloza" basonta Central Bank, kuqhubeka bechuma njengoba yisikhungo esizimele, okubangela okungenani 45% imali eyimfihlo emakethe yasekhaya. Through the isikhungo sezezimali zikhokhelwa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-11, ukubala kwezimpesheni Kwenziwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12. I isikhungo sezezimali isungule oda 19.000 ATM futhi 70,000 self-service ezikhumulweni kulo lonke leli zwe futhi ekhiphe amakhadi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30. Inani abasebenzi ehhovisi main isikhathi eside Udlule isibalo sabantu 240. inethiwekhi Wendawo has amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 18. Ukuba izicelo ngenkuthalo asathuthuka "Sberbank Online" futhi "Mobile Banking". Kumila iklayenti amasistimu okulawula okukude sinabasebenzisi hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5.4 million.

Inani lamavoti

"Savings Bank", ogama uhlelo kumba eqolo, unikeza anhlobonhlobo amasevisi, ezisukela izinhlobo ezahlukene credit ziphethe amasevisi Brokerage. Phakathi amaklayenti lesikhungo commercial akuyona ngabanye kuphela kodwa futhi amakhasimende ezinkampani, ebangela 1/5 of the iphothifoliyo loan. Amafa weemali umahluko kanje: iphothifoliyo loan ithatha 71% (73% we iphothifoliyo loan - ukubolekisa ke esikhishwe izinkampani kanye nezinhlangano), izibambiso iphothifoliyo ihlanganisa 14%, ukheshi akhawunti asebhange futhi ehhovisi ibhokisi - 5%. Izikweletu babe isakhiwo ezilandelayo: ku ezifakwa abantu zaba 46%, ezilinganisweni-akhawunti ye kumakhasimende ezinkampani - 23% of izimali ayo ngaphakathi 15% kanye interbank ukubolekisa ukumboza 11%.

Ubunikazi: "Sberbank eRussia" - ebhange kwezohwebo noma kahulumeni?

Isici documentary ka inkinga impikiswano. Ake sizame ukuqonda kancane kancane, "Sberbank" isimo noma amasheke kwezohwebo. Mayelana uhlobo umsebenzi kanye ngesisekelo zonke wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, isakhiwo siku umsebenzi kwezohwebo. Ngokuphathelene ifomu sobunikazi, kuba isimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo share capital, ihlale iyimpahla yomthengi Central Bank, kuyinto federal impahla format. yasebhange Commercial ngokwengxenye okungewakho engxenyeni kahulumeni komnotho. Kulokhu isimo akusho awathathe yimuphi umthwalo izikweletu ebhange kanye ebhange yesikweletu isimo. Iqiniso ukuthi isikhungo sezezimali libhekwa njengoba izinkampani zomphakathi, kusho isakhiwo yayo commercial. Ngokuhambisana inombolo yokubhalisa ibhizinisi, lingelikaJehova isigaba okuxubile impahla Russian nge ingxenye impahla kahulumeni.