Fortress Kerch eCrimea - izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea idume hhayi kuphela sezulu layo eliyingqayizivele nendalo. Kuyinto inqwaba yezinto ezingabalulekile ezibucayi ukubaluleka zomlando namasiko Russia yesimanje futhi abantu ababekanye eyayiyingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Phakathi kwalabo - Fortress Kerch. Ayini amaqiniso esikarisako, sibonakalisa nomlando wako? Yiziphi okutholile zezivakashi ngokuvakashela lesi sakhiwo eCrimea?

Uhlolojikelele

Kerch ubunzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi Fort Totlebena, sise Cape Ak-full e Kerch Strait (ngesikhathi ingxenye ewumngcingo kakhulu esingaphakathi kwento). Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka izinqaba Russian ukuvikela imingcele zasolwandle. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo waqala ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi YaseCrimea, futhi ngezindlela eziningi emizameni yokuthuthukisa yephrojekthi kwakubangelwa umphumela ngeshwa yomkhankaso eRussia.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwemigomo ye iSivumelwano Paris, Russia ayikwazanga abe wasemanzini izinqaba esifundeni woLwandle Olumnyama, u-Alexander II wanquma ukwakha isakhiwo ezazizosiza ukuvikela strait kusukela oLwandle Olumnyama oLwandle Azov. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le nqaba yasetshenziselwa ukuhlalisa abantu emafektri ibutho. Ngqo ensimini ka impi zenzeka esikhathini ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Namuhla isakhiwo okuyisihloko ifa zomlando namasiko yeRussia.

Yaba khona kanjani le Kerch inqaba? ngxoxo emfushane

Yaba khona kanjani le Kerch inqaba? Ngo 1853, i-Russia bajoyine neMpi YaseCrimea. Ngenxa yokuntuleka imali iziphathimandla zehlulekile ukusebenzisa sezingeni elidingekayo nasekuqiniseni tindlelanchubo yonke iNhlonhlo Kerch. Lena enye yezindlela okwakubonakala izimbangela ukwehluleka (ngokuhambisana ukuhlolwa owawuvamile mlando) empini eRussia. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukuzivikela ezingaba we Kerch Strait eziqinile, iziphathimandla zanquma ukwakha inqaba enamandla. Indawo eliphezulu indawo yayo izimpawulo le Ak-full likhethiwe.

Ngo-1856 kwaba khona luhlaka lwekucala lolufaka ekhatsi le nqaba ikusasa Kerch. Lokhu kwethulwa by Jikelele Kaufman. Ukwakhiwa esemthatha uColonel Nat. Ngo-1859, iphrojekthi wajoyina umqondisi odumile uMnyango Engineering Ministry of War Totleben fortifier ezaziwayo. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukuvela inqaba entsha Russian oLwandle Olumnyama akuyona kuphambene iSivumelwano Paris, owawuthi izenzo waseRussia abangu ikhinyabezwa esifundeni abafanele.

umklamo sici

Yini izici umsebenzi libhekene kwakhiwe le nqaba ka Kerch? Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi onjiniyela wabona isidingo sokuba ubeke oluqinisayo ukuze isitha imikhumbi yempi emnyango oLwandle Azov ezazingaphansi kwawo njalo bombardment wezikhali kogu. Fortress Kerch kuhlelwe ukuba uqiniswa main Fort "Totleben" eningizimu - ukuhlela Minsk lunette enyakatho - Vilna. It okufanele ubekwe izikhundla labadubuli le nqaba kuka-500 izibhamu. Njengengxenye ukuthunyelwa nalehleliwe ikampu abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 izinkulungwane, phakathi kwawo -. Ngaphezu 1,800 wezikhali. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi phansi inqaba Kerch kufanele ifakwe ukusingatha eside isinyathelo ukuzivikela.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project

Le phrojekthi, owawuthi ayeyakhe inqaba Kerch, sivunyiwe e 1868. Kodwa ukwakhiwa emabhalekisini amabili wokuqala kwaqala ngo nobusika 1857. Isibalo izakhi le nqaba elise ngaphezu komhlabathi, ngesikhathi incishisiwe. Ekamu exhunywe ne lokulwa izikhundla izindima komhlaba. Ubude yabo wawuyizinkulungwane amakhilomitha ambalwa.

UMbusi waseRussia u-Alexander II lokuqala wavakashela isikhungo ngo-1861. Ngemva kuhlolwa inqaba Kerch ke wayalelwa, owawuthi yokudumisa amasosha abaye etshaliwe yomshikashika wabo ekwakheni ukwakhiwa, lunettes ithole igama engcono - Minsk futhi Vilna ibutho. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, nqaba main ukuthi ogama lakhe behlonipha Totleben.

Abaningi izivakashi zanamuhla banikwa umbuzo onjalo, uhlela ukuvakashela phansi inqaba Kerch: "Kuyini ukwakhiwa efanele olufanele?". Empeleni, iqiniso lokuthi isici yayo kwesakhiwo ukhiye yaqanjwa fortifier abadumile, inquma igama elivamile into, ezwakala njenge- "Fort Totleben". isakhiwo kubhekwe uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi: inqaba komhlaba ku Kerch. Iqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu izikhungo zayo, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ingaphansi phansi.

Phakathi kwezinye amaqiniso esiphawulekayo zomlando, okubonisa umbusi uvakashele inqaba, kuyinto okulandelayo: uColonel Nat ukhushuliwe jikelele ezinkulu. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi 1863 u-Alexander II, ngubani ngokuvumelana Totleben, anquma ukuba sisuke kuleli ukwakhiwa izinqaba ezengeziwe, futhi esikhundleni yokuqinisa izakhiwo ezikhona. Kamuva, uMajor General Nat baba umlawuli ngenkathi induna amasosha akhona endaweni kwedolobha Kerch. empeleni Totleben Fort wayeselulungele 1877.

Le ndawo le nqaba kwaba ngu-250 amahektha. Ngo-1877, lapho kwakhiwa isakhiwo yacishe eseqedile, yaqala impi Russian-Turkish. inqaba Kerch kwaba engase ukulungele wasebenzisa ngesikhathi izimpi, kodwa umkhuba lokhu akwenzekanga. Kugqashuka nempi Kerch Strait esakhiwe egqitshwe amabhomu. Amasosha kusukela ikampu elindelwe ukubukeka yempi yoMbuso WaseTurkey. Kodwa ukuze ujoyine ekulweni abazange babe.

Umlando inqaba ekhulwini lama-20

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, inani isikaniso inqaba ikhuphuke kakhulu - kufike ku izinkulungwane zabantu 9 .. Nokho, ngo-1905-ke yashintsha isimo salo futhi waba inqaba-ishede. Ngemva kwezenzakalo owaziwa zezombusazwe ka 1905 Totleben Fort yaba indawo yezimpi iziboshwa zezombusazwe ejele. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kanye inkathi ngenxa yezinkinga zezombangazwe elandelayo inguquko ka 1917 inqaba ingabe akukuningi yini okuhilelekile njengoba luhlobo wezempi. Nokho, e-20s emafektri ezibekwe phezu kwawo, savelelwa ukweba. kwenqwaba bezwe izakhiwo kwabhujiswa. Ekuqaleni kwawo-30 sika inqaba uzophinde abe esetshenziswa Army - iRed Army futhi Navy behileleka ukuze ahlele emafektri alo.

Fortress e WWII

Umlando inqaba Kerch kuyinto eduze okuhlobene izenzakalo Second neMpi Yezwe. Ngakho, ngo-November 1941, wabe lathunjwa nge amabutho aseJalimane. Phakathi izimpi inqaba yabekwa esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa kwe-asebenzayo futhi amabhomu ngu wezikhali. amabutho Wehrmacht bakwazi ukuphula ngivikele 51 th namabutho Maritime, ngemva kwalokho baya isikhala yokusebenza ezigodini of enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. amabutho aseSoviet waqala ashona.

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela umyalo ngempumelelo lungabanjwa predetermined amaJalimane Fortress Kerch. Kodwa kamuva ngenyanga waqala Kerch-Feodosiya operation, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amaJalimane bexoshwa ensimini yeNhlonhlo Kerch. Sea amagobolondo osezingeni enkulu, okuyinto zafakwa isitoreji inqaba okwesikhashana anawo umhlaseli ngesikhathi, sezibuyele esimweni kwelifa loonyana ebuthweni laseSoviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi lapho amabutho amaNazi ashaqe isakhiwo, amabutho ala iRed Army ephethwe kuphunywe esibalulekile kwemathiriyali, ise-inqaba, phezu Taman.

Entwasahlobo ka-1942 wasemoyeni German eyenziwa esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa omkhulu Kerch. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu umyalo Soviet ukuze uthumele amayunithi enqabeni. Isimo phambi YaseCrimea zenzelwe iRed Army akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu - ngoMeyi, amaJalimane ayeseduze kakhulu edolobheni. Front Command waphoqeleka ukuqalisa kuhlengwe nabasebenzi kanye ukuqedwa emafektri lempi. Ngo-April 1944, amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela, abakhulula Kerch inqaba. Ngemva kwempi, waphinde waqala ukusetshenziswa njengoba zigcine ibutho isitoreji luhlobo. Nalo lungaphansi nebutho kwezigwegwe kuwo.

castle namuhla

Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR amayunithi lempi kumi inqaba Kerch, ke yahlakazeka. Lokhu kwakuhambisana izenzo ezihlukahlukene abhubhisayo zigcine ibutho, wamisa esizeni. Nokho, ngo-kowezi-2000, le nqaba yanikwa le Kerch lomlando Cultural Reserve. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abacwaningi ukuqala umsebenzi elihlobene ne-ukutadishwa isakhiwo, ukwenza ukusula insimu yalo nezinhlamvu wabanjwa lapha ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ukwenza ukubona indawo izinkambo. izakhamizi Kerch kanye nezivakashi bakwazi ukuvakashela kule ndawo edume futhi simazi kangcono nomlando wayo eliyingqayizivele.

Abakwazi ukubona abahambi abakhetha uvakashele indawo? Okokuqala, kumelwe kuyokushiya umangele yena umqondo ubunjiniyela, phezu elakhiwa inqaba Kerch. Izithombe Facilities - ngezansi.

Umxhwele nendawo ezungezile Fort nezinye izinto, ezifana nomsele, ubude - komyalelo wokungabi 3 km, ububanzi --15 m, ukujula -. Mayelana 5 m kuyoba mnandi ukuba uhlole caponiers. Ensimini ka ukwakhiwa kukhona inqwaba izindima komhlaba, emafektri. Ubude omunye wemihubhe elise komhlaba, imayelana 600 m.

Yini kwamanye amasayithi kuhlanganise inqaba Kerch emangalisayo? Izithombe umhubhe, oyingxenye ye isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapha ngenzansi - e ezifanele esikalini into ungabukela futhi ngizibuke okwesikhathi eside.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi eziningi izakhiwo komhlaba inqaba Kerch Namanje hhayi uphenyo ngokugcwele.

Namuhla le nqaba Kerch, Totleben Fort nezinye izinto okuthiwa bayingxenye isakhiwo izakhiwo, kufanele isimo ukubaluleka zomlando namasiko. izivakashi eziningi ukuhamba eCrimea, ukufuna ukuza lapha, uthathe uhambo lendawo wenkazimulo lempi Russia. What do abahambi abaye bavakashela inqaba Kerch, Fort Totleben?

isihambi Izibuyekezo

Yizivakashi ezibuka amazwe, ephethwe ukuvakashela kulezi zindawo, ajabulela. umxhwele yabo bonke: esidlule zomlando le nqaba Kerch, izakhiwo esikalini, ubuciko onjiniyela ukusebenza ngalinye izingxenye isakhiwo ukwakhiwa. abahambi Abaningi bayavuma ukuvakashela inqaba kwaba esinye sezenzakalo ewumbukwane ngesikhathi evakashele eCrimea. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubona indawo izinkambo le nqaba ibhekwa njengeyigugu kakhulu hhayi abahambi kuphela, kodwa futhi ochwepheshe abavela embonini yezokuvakasha. Ngemigomo yekuhlola ezifanele siyavela isithakazelo abantu kule ndawo, kanye nezinhlelo zemisebenzi eziningi izivakashi, ezihilela Ukuvakashela kwelinye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni eRussia.

Kanjani ukuze uthole izindawo?

Okuthile okuyolokhu abanesifiso kwasekuqaleni zabahamba abaningi abahlela uvakashele inqaba Kerch - izixhumanisi isakhiwo. Kungenzeka ukuba uthole by Shuttle №6, okuyinto isuka sebhasi. Nokho, ube ukuhamba kancane ngezinyawo - cishe isigamu sehora. Ungase futhi ahlale kunoma yimaphi amabhasi ukuthi ukusebenzisa nge emzaneni Geroevskoe e Kerch. Ungasebenzisa noma isiphi. isikhathi esibalulekile ukuze uthole off at the "engaphezulu Heroes of kwaseStalingrad" futhi "Sunny". Khona-ke kufanele ulandele ngezinyawo ngase Pavlovsk Bay.

Uma umuntu ehamba ngemoto, ungakwazi ukushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu ukuze emigwaqweni Heroes Eltigen Red Hill. Ngemva - roll kuso bese uya endaweni Tiritakskoy. Khona-ke kudingeka uqhubeke Ordzhonikidze Street DC "Shipwright". Ngemva - ujike ungene Ulyanov. Kuyohlale kudingeka ukushayela esontweni oNgcwele Dormition, bese uvule ungene Zyabreva. Ngemva - emgwaqeni ahlanganyelwe, ezizoholela inqaba Kerch.

Ezinye eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze athuthukise umzila ukubala izivakashi uhlela ukuvakashela inqaba Kerch: Ikheli izakhiwo ingangeni ngokusemthethweni. Into esemqoka, okuyinto kufanele siqondiswe - Cape le Ak-full. Nokho, imininingwane mayelana izixhumanisi ukwakhiwa ingatholakala Museum umlando nemivubukulo, esemgwaqweni Kerch at ul. Sverdlov, 7. Kule ndawo ungakwazi futhi ubhalisele uhambo enqabeni.

Enye - ukuthola ukwakhiwa itekisi, okuyinto kakhulu ezibizayo, kodwa njengoba umthetho, kulesi simo, ungakwazi zima enqabeni eduze. Kwenzeka ukuthi isivakashi alikho Kerch futhi bahlale kweminye imizi abafisa uvakashele inqaba Kerch. Indlela ukufika kulo kulesi simo? Okokuqala udinga ukuthola, eqinisweni, kuwo umuzi Kerch. Indlela elula kunazo ukukwenza lokhu - ibhasi ukuthi isuka Simferopol.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo le Yenikale inqaba

Kanye inqaba Kerch eCrimea, zikhona nezinye izindawo eziningi esiphawulekayo zomlando. Ezinye zazo zitholakala ogwini. Phakathi kwalabo - inqaba Yenikale e Kerch. Kusekelwe ngaphezulu iziphathimandla uMbuso WaseTurkey, eyayinawo eCrimea phambi aye ku uMbuso Russian. Cishe inqaba Yenikale e Kerch yakhiwa kuleli 17 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. igama Insiza uhumusha Turkish njengoba "castle entsha". Fortress itholakala ngqo ngaphakathi kwemingcele Kerch.

Yenikale ukuthi ephethwe yi-Russia, kanye emzini Kerch, kusukela 1774. Kungaphawulwa ngokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 isakhiwo cishe value ezilahlekile-aspect yokusetshenziswa lempi. Ngo-1835, le nqaba wawusegunjini esibhedlela samasosha, owayesebenza kuze 1880. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwakhiwa isikhathi eside esetshenziswa ngenkuthalo. Phakathi izimpi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II eduze inqaba Turkish elwa Soviet amasosha. Ngo-1944 bakwazi ukukhulula ingxenye elihambisana emzini abahlaseli German.

Imaphi amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kungenziwa oyiphawulile inqaba Yenikale? Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi isakhiwo sayo yahanjelwa onjiniyela abavela kwa-Italy naseFrance. It is akukho ngozi iye abakhethiwe, njengoba abanye abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi, indawo castle - phambi namathe izingulube. Iqiniso lokuthi imikhumbi odlulayo banqatshelwe ithuba ukuwuqondisa, futhi itholakala loMfula wezikhali lalingabulawa kalula ezibakhungathekisayo. Njengoba ezingemuva amabutho Turkish bakwazi ukusebenzisa Taman inqaba.

Yenikale Fortress has simise eduze quadrangle. Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo kwezingange zawo nge isakhiwo samanje amazinyo. Le nqaba yayinohlelo lwaqiniswa umsele. Ukuxhumana ingxenye eyinhloko le nhlonhlo ivame olunikezwa imigwaqo ezintathu. Eyokuqala - kusukela Kerch, owesibili - kusukela isiqondiso enyakatho-mpumalanga, eyesithathu - ngehlangothini eDzhankoy.

Manje badabula leyo ndawo sikhungo iyona ujantshi - kusukela Kerch ukuba isikebhe. Ukusebenza kwawo, ngokuvumelana izibalo onjiniyela, kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu enqabeni, osuvele ngaphansi umonakalo eside empini. Ngakho-ke, kulindeleke ukuthi emva ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ukuxhumanisa i Krasnodar esifundeni kanye eCrimea, lunikeza wesitimela ivaliwe, futhi ukuhamba izitimela - nemibono ipotimende okukhulu.

Uma sifuna uvakashele Yenikale inqaba Kerch, ukuthi ungathola kanjani kuye? Lesi sakhiwo itholakala at ibanga km 11 kusukela maphakathi ibhasi esiteshini Kerch. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuwo, njengoba nakuyicabanga, ibhasi Shuttle ezisabalele kusukela Ibhasi isikebhe elwandle. Lesi sakhiwo kanye inqaba Kerch kukhona kude kakhulu - cishe 15 km ngomgwaqo, cishe 10 km - ngemikhumbi. Yenikale itholakala empumalanga ngumgogodla Kerch, safunda ngenhla inqaba - eningizimu. Bobabili izakhiwo zitholakala ogwini.

Izivakashi eziningi umehluko ophawulekayo e ibanga phakathi izinto - akuyona inkomba, futhi bayajabula ukuhlanganisa Ukuvakashela kokubili izindawo zibe Uhlelo. Fortress Yenikale futhi Kerch, elele ebhishi, enifana wukuthi bobabili - amasayithi eziyingqayizivele ifa zomlando namasiko yeRussia. abahambi Abaningi ukushiya amazwana thematic inthanethi inthanethi, bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu okhetha ukuhlola ezikhangayo yeNhlonhlo Kerch, kubalulekile ukuvakashela kokubili nezinqaba.