"Totleben" (Fort): umlando, izithombe, indawo

Kukhunjulwa onjiniyela abanamakhono lempi, ogama imibono kwavula inkathi entsha in ubuciko izinqaba, igrafu Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) izinqaba amabili abizwa. Waveza umqondo wagijima counter mkhuba yamukelwe ubuciko nempi, futhi zathola okuhlangenwe nakho eCrimea umkhankaso empumalanga futhi kuyoqinisa izivikelo kangcono ngesikhathi izinqaba izinkomba.

Carte Blanche

I izinqaba kuqala, okuyinto iqanjwe "Totleben" - Fort inqaba Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, owaqeda ngo-1859 njengoba umqondisi uMnyango zomklamo emnyango wezempi, ekwakhiweni we Kerch inqaba wayekujabulela lokhu siqiniseka ngokugcwele nozime u-Alexander II. Ngo-1872, umsebenzi kokuphothula ukwakha kwathatha futhi ngokugcwele inkosi, iza laphaya ukuze ahlole. Futhi ngakho main izinqaba inqaba kwaba ku-oda ka-Alexander II, igama "Totleben". Fort itholakala engxenyeni encane Strait of Kerch, ku Cape AK-full.

Isimangaliso ubunjiniyela lempi

I inqaba ngokwayo Yakhiwa yokuwuthola iSivumelwano Paris 1856 , uvimbela Russia abe wasemanzini izinqaba ugu. A uhlobo isiboshwa noma inqaba e inqaba ngokuthi "Totleben". Fort exhunywe kwi-isakhiwo by isikhathi eside 600 imitha Umhubhe. Lokhu nesiphephelo lakhiwa iminyaka 20 futhi ingenye ezimbili emangalisa kakhulu futhi ezinqabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu ugu, eyakhiwa ngekhulu XIX - Kerch futhi Kronstadt. Black Sea Fort yayifaneleka kanye nokuqinisa ephelele - enikeziwe kwaba zonke kuze kufike emniningwaneni wokugcina, phansi ijuba esiteshini. Emabhalekisini amasosha, izindlu zangasese, indawo yokugcina amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba zemibukiso okwami kanye imigudu - konke eyakhiwe zanqwabelana ngesikhathi ekumeleleni Sevastopol nakho futhi unakekelwe abavikeli le nqaba, abalinqabayo abakhi seniyenzile ongabonakali kakhulu futhi wasibekela zonke izakhiwo itshe ngomshoshaphansi.

Ukuthola lapho

Kuleli qophelo, iphuzu esiphezulu eCrimea - 110 metres, lapho kukhona lesikhumbuzo ukuze wayeyisazi ubunjiniyela lempi, ngokuthi "Totleben 'behlonipha yakhe. Fort ogwini amabhethri imbozwe ezwekazini. Fortress "Kerch" manje akuyona esimweni esihle - yena wasala kanjalo. Kodwa izinkambo akusayithi guided aphethwe njalo. Manje ezokuthutha zomphakathi ukuya akulula - Shuttle №6, kokuhamba emaphakathi ibhasi esiteshini, kudingeka uthole esitobhini "Woodworking legatsha". Okulandelayo - ngezinyawo kuphela. Azikho izikhombi enemininingwane - orientation itilosi noma kokuxoxa izakhamuzi zendawo. ezokuthutha siqu kufanele bahambe kuya ekupheleni Taman Street, labona epulazini collective, endaweni yokugcina okuyinto inqaba.

Omunye izinqaba of Kronstadt

Omunye izinto kohlelo ukuzivikela ka Kronstadt futhi iqanjwe E. I. Totlebena. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwalesi Fort waqala ngemva ukwakhiwa enqabeni Lolwandle Olumnyama (1872). Ngo-1879 uqala iphrojekthi, ngesisekelo eyayiminingi iziqhingi ezimbili yokufakelwa - isisekelo sokuthethelelwa izinqaba ezimbili ezenziwe kulo lonke ugu. Evamile, baye esikhethiweyo "A" Fort futhi Fort "B". Esokuqala kwaba ukuhlala angajulile at 10 km kusuka esiqhingini Kotlin futhi 4 km kusuka Sestroretsk, kwesibili - 7 amakhilomitha eningizimu-ntshonalanga waleyo nqaba "A" futhi 4 km kusuka Kotlina. Fort "A" ezazikade zibiza ama yengcebo ruble ayizigidi ezingu-6.5. igolide Fort "B" - ruble ayizigidi ezingu-7. Umsebenzi wokwakha imisebenzi ukuzivikela kwakufanele igcwaliswe 1903, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi nje wathela futhi wasisekela siqhingi. Kuphela ngo-1913, nezivikelo bafakwa msebenzi. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi Fort "A" iqanjwe kabusha "Totleben", behlonipha ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa yayo unjiniyela elikhulu lempi, futhi into yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi "Obruchev".

Zonke kuhlanganisiwe

Fort "Totleben" (photo enamathiselwe) kwaba ngesimo uhlamvu "C". Ngaphambili ingxenye liye atshalwa entshonalanga - isitha okuphakade yeRussia. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye, ehlanganisa izinhlaka ezintathu, futhi ohlangothini ezimbili lwalugobile kanye ifinyelele obuphelele ayi-700, i-ezakhiwe ububanzi babuyizingalo amamitha 50.

Lapho isakhiwo sayo sathathwa ku-akhawunti isipiliyoni edabukisayo empini Russian-Japanese kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu wezikhali. "Totleben" kuyinto edolobheni wezempi, uma konke okudingekile ekubukeni kwezimpi zanamuhla. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo, njengoba uhulumeni tsarist anakekela amasosha akhe. Ensimini ka Fort kwadingeka uhlelo kungeyona kanye ukuhlanzwa yayo, 6 udizili ugesi, amapayipi endle namanzi, ibhalekisi ukhululekile ngabantu 800 iphoyisa amabutho, esibhedlela, ekhemisi, ebhikawozi kanye isonto, namabhayisikobho kanye umtapo, izindlu zokugeza, emafektri kanye yeqhwa, lo yocingo kanye exchange ngocingo . Ohlangothini emuva esikhumulweni semikhumbi kwadingeka kuyiwe ezinkantolo, kuhlanganise lapho emgwaqweni.

isikhathi kungaqedwa

Isimanga zobunjiniyela kwakuyisigodlo Fort "Totleben". Umlando ukuba khona kule nto ezibizayo futhi ezithakazelisayo lifiphele. Ngemva inguquko wayephiwe igama elisha "Pervomayskaya". Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngo-1923, izibhamu-10 intshi kwathathelwa indawo shot kusukela impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Rurik", ububanzi zabo esiphezulu oluthé xaxa oluvela km wangaphambili 18 kuya ku-20. Ehlelekile kwenziwe ukulungiswa.

Fort wathatha empini Soviet-Finnish iqhaza asebenzayo. ukulungiswa kokugcina kwenziwe eminyakeni 1950-1954. Khona-ke konke kwahamba ekwehleni - ngo-1955 ibutho lenqaba yahlakazeka futhi kuhoxiswe wezikhali, shot kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezimali Fort 1957th, futhi kusukela ngo-1958 kanye enamandla izinqaba imele ezingenalutho futhi bengazinaki.

phansi ungajeziswa

Lutho washintsha lapho "Totleben" sathathwa ngesikhathi Executive Committee of Leningrad City Council kanye nokulinganisela ngo-1990 wangena UNESCO uhlu. Izinsuku ezinhle abuyile, lapho 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule waqala ukufuna i umlondolozi into nomculi kusukela Petersburg uVladimir Tkachenko, owayenguyise induna sokuzithandela. Akasiye ngamagama kodwa ngezenzo sihlanza lilungiswe nezinkonzo ifakwe Fort "Totleben". Uyithola kanjani lapha? Lo mbuzo akusho ngaphambi namaqaba, owafika phezu eqhweni ebusika 2008. Zonke imisebenzi V Tkachenko kwabhujiswa, kwathiwa ezilimele kabi, zashisa. Futhi lapho abasebenzi wabheka iphuzu enamandla Eziphuthumayo Ministry, isingathwe lapha ngo-1999?

Summer izinkambo eGulf of Finland

Manje into wabheka emva by sokuzithandela amayunithi nokusesha nokutakula amayunithi "Beach". Vakashela Fort can Nokho, njengengxenye ukuvakasha ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile futhi imibhalo ngangokunokwenzeka. Hlobo luni ukuvakashelwa ehleliwe? Basuke eyenziwa ngesikhathi ehlobo kuphela, oda zingenziwa ngocingo etholakala wabahlinzeki.

Abahleli nethuba ukubuka izinto eziningana ezifanayo Gulf, hhayi nje Fort "Totleben". Uhambo kuhlanganisa ukuvakashela izinto ezilandelayo - "Okokuqala Wik" izinqaba "u-Alexander I ka", "Milutin", "Obruchev" futhi "Totleben".

Ebusika, konke kulula. Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ungathola phezu eqhweni eGulf of Finland, ke azovunyelwa ukuvakashela Fort "Totleben". Uyithola kanjani ehlobo? Kuphela ingxenye ukuvakasha. ukufika Independent at izikebhe izikebhe akuvunyelwe nakancane, ngoba ingozi inkulu kakhulu ekuphileni. Yiqiniso, zikhona kulandwe amaphisi amaningi kungakhathaliseki uvakashele Fort, kanye abanikazi izikebhe lapho, zilungele ngoba isifumbathiso ezifanele ukuze baphule imithetho.