Externalities - ukuthi ... Positive and externalities negative izibonelo

Externalities - Iyini? Kungani kudingeka babe? Yiziphi? Lezi, kanye eziningi eminye imibuzo ezophendulwa ngaphakathi isihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngubani externalities? Lesi sihloko ngoba izimo lapho izinzuzo noma izindleko emakethe ukuthenga hhayi emananini. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Uma kulula, sinikeze nomphumela othile. Singaba externalities? Emihle nemibi - ukuthi amandla awo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ku umkhuba? Lokhu kubhekisela esimweni lapho kukhona izici emihle noma emibi yomsebenzi zendaba kwabanye. Yini eyosisiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini ehilelekile externalities? Izibonelo!

Ake sithi abe imboni usimende. It lucwaningo kwekhabhoni. Ngakho, singakhuluma i negative acaciswe ukuze izakhamuzi zendawo. Kodwa uma lesi simila ofanayo zizoletha njengabantu abahle izinga ke kuzoba khona externality omuhle. Nakuba uma lokhu kungaqedwa, kwakungeke Ukunilobela lesi sihloko. Externality - lena isihloko ubanzi kakhulu.

Izinzuzo kanye nezindleko

Ziyakwazi izinto ezisemqoka. Kukhona izindleko cishe abekelwe emaceleni kwasobala nokwangasese kanye nezinzuzo. Ngokuvamile imbangela nemiphumela sangaphandle ukuba khona iphutha elithile phakathi kwalezi amagugu.

Ake sibheke esinye isibonelo. Ake sithi izinhlangano ezimbili bangena inkontileka. Kodwa izindleko zayo zithwalwe besithathu abangekho ngenkuthalo kohlaka izivumelwano ezikhona. Buyela emuva usimende yethu simila. Kungenisa externalities ezimbi. Khuluma mayelana nokuqedwa zabo Imininingwane akudingekile. Kodwa lizinga lekungenelela uzokwehla ngesikhathi ekhokha izindleko zomphakathi. Ngakho, umgwaqo ngamatshe - into eyodwa. Uma isitshalo uzothumela siqu izakhamuzi zalo ngezindleko endaweni uphumule (ngesibonelo kweSoviet Union, lapho izisebenzi zivame waqhubeka spa), khona-ke enye indaba. Kodwa esimweni sesibili kukhona nomphumela omubi, njengoba ukwanda izindleko usimende, awela ukuncintisana namanye opharetha kwezomnotho futhi yehlise amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. izici ezinjalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile capitalism yesimanje.

I degree of ukwaneliseka

Lapho kwenzeka imiphumela zangaphandle, externalities ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlinza kahle alinganayo. Ngakho, uma isitshalo usimende yakhiwa kuleli dolobhana, okuvela kulo kuze kube evamile umgwaqo amakhilomitha ayishumi, okungukuthi into eyodwa. Njalo uba edolobheni, lapho ingqalasizinda iyakhiwa kahle, - kungenye indaba. Wathonywa kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Njengoba ngezinga isibonelo. Ngakho, uma ifektri usimende ngizolivusa nothuli oluningi futhi alethe okuningi ngokungalungile, okungukuthi into eyodwa. Kodwa uma engazi isikhala ifakwe izihlungi umsebenzi, futhi emhlabeni, kunemibono eminingi ihlathi emasimini, kungenye into. Yebo, lesi sitshalo usimende kuzoletha nezinkingana ezithile, kodwa ngezinga elincane. Lapho isimo kungenziwa wakhuzwa ukushaja isimo intela kwemvelo nesiqondiso ezehlukene ukuthi kuzonciphisa abekelwe emaceleni izindleko yangasese kanye nemiphumela engemihle zangaphandle.

Ngempumelelo isinxephezelo izinyathelo

Umphumela ungafana ngempela impikiswano futhi womuntu ongabazisayo. Ngakho, ake sibheke utshwala. Akekho yini ongangabaza ukuthi kuyalimaza futhi kuletha nanzuzo. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuhweba ekhuthele kakhulu. Kulokhu, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kumuntu wesithathu ngeke kuze kuthinteke. Ake sithi i odakiwe oludakayo futhi waphula ekhaleni kothile. Ezimbi? Yebo kunjalo! Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze ngokuya isinxephezelo? Umthetho unikeza ukuthi lesi sici wemfanelo ummangalelwa, okungukuthi utshwala kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona iqembu lesibili - nomkhiqizi! Kusukela ke siyongena imisebenzi mkhuba ezahlukene, okuyinto kufanele bafeze anti-utshwala umkhankaso, ikhankasela ngendlela enempilo, ngisize nge ukuvuselelwa kanye nokunye. Kodwa, ngeshwa, nahlulele ngalokho esinakho ngokuya utshwala iyahola, awayona ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ekuthengisweni kotshwala ngenjongo ukusetshenziswa okwalandela kuyinto ngempela impikiswano ngokuya isinxephezelo nezindleko.

izimpahla zomphakathi

Kodwa ngokwanele mayelana ezimbi, ake sixoxe externalities omuhle. Uma kukhona inzuzo ethile futhi akukho kungenzeka noma kungenzeke lokho ukwenza abantu yokuyikhokhela ngalesosikhathi it phathelana yomphakathi. Nalapha futhi, kubalulekile sikala. Isici emihle kakhulu iyona okumsulwa umphakathi omuhle. Ngakho ngokuthi imiphumela, ezisetshenziswa yibo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akhokhe noma cha.

Njengoba isibonelo, ukuthatha umoya ohlanzekile noma ukhuni. I engavamile we okumsulwa zomphakathi ezinhle kungezinye nje izakhiwo ezimbili: ngokungakhethi futhi neisklyuchaemost. Kungakhathaliseki izimo abumane, umuntu ngamunye kungaba ngokukhululekile zisebenzisa emoyeni ofanayo. Nokho, ezimweni ezithile, kungenzeka nemiphumela engemihle.

Thatha uhlelo komthetho. Usebenza ngezithukuthuku eziqoqwayo. Uma kukhona opharetha ethize kwezomnotho ohluleka ukukhokha kwabo, kukhona inkinga khulula-umgibeli. Lesi simo disadvantageous ukuze yonke inhlangano, kepha nokugcinwa komthetho kumele kwenziwe. Kungani yena akayikhokhi intela, kufanele ukhathazeke amasevisi yentela. Nakuba umthetho nakwezinye izinto okufanele kungaqashelwa, ngenxa yokuthi bonke bayalingana phambi kwalo futhi azikho okuhlukile.

Externalities emnothweni

Lena sihloko ezithakazelisa kakhulu, okuyinto ngangokunokwenzeka kumele inikezwe kakhudlwana. Kodwa ngenkathi ikhiphe omunye umbhalo ongezansi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunzima ukuthola indawo ukuthi kwakuyoba omunye umfanekiso ongcono kunalo yenqubo. externalities Economic kungathatha izinhlobo ezihlukene kakhulu futhi kuthinte abantu ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo ngaxoxa ebiza - yingxenye encane kuphela.

Ngakho, ukubonakaliswa externalities kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha osomabhizinisi kanye ukuthatha phezu izibopho ezithile zomphakathi ezifana nokunakekelwa enkulisa, esikoleni, zokudlala ukutholakala, okungagunyaziwe udoti indawo yokulahla izindlu zokuhlala kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Ungase futhi khumbula amakilasi eqondiwe njengokulanda ukufuywa. Ngakho, umuntu behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi futhi uyabakhathalela bona ngokuyinhloko. Kodwa sibonga kuye, izinyosi ungcolise izihlahla ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, abantu uju. Noma kunjalo, ungase futhi ukuluma futhi uma ubudlova phezu ingxenye isinambuzane womuntu. Lapha externalities abanjalo bangabaphostoli emihle nemibi.

isiphetho

Yeka ukuthi inkulu kangakanani isihloko kanye singathanda ukutshela kabanzi ngayo. Ungakwazi ukhumbule ngemfundo, okuyinto efundisa abantu cultured kakhulu, okuyinto ayiyona ingozi emvelweni kanye nabanye abantu, kanye nezokuvakasha, okuyinto kunomthelela omuhle empilweni kanye nomnotho, kanye emkhakheni wezomnotho lapho abantu abafanelekayo imfundo ephakeme ungakha wake eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima eyinkimbinkimbi izinto. It is hhayi ezidingekayo, kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi externalities - liphinde izici ezingezinhle, kodwa owathi induduzo bungatholakala ngaphandle nobunzima?