Wokugaya ukudla: umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo

Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu umzimba womuntu - yayo wokugaya ukudla uhlelo izitho. Le nhlanganisela bemvelo kuhlelwe futhi ihlelwe, ukuze umnikazi walo wakwazi ukukhipha kusukela ukudla washisa zonke ezidingekayo kakhulu ekuphileni okuvamile. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo e isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene usebenza ezifana "magic" izindlela, okuyinto singangeni izifo, detoxify ubuthi, ngisho asivumela synthesize amavithamini abalulekile. Banikezwe ukubaluleka lesi sitho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile ukuba banakekele.

Cabangela isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, imisebenzi wokugaya ukudla , futhi, ungashiyi ingagadiwe. Uyofunda ngalokho nakanjani kwenziwe ukuba nezifo zesisu.

Yikuphi emizimbeni bayingxenye isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene?

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene siqukethe ejensi elandelayo neminyango:

• umlomo ilungu salivary yayo nezindlala;
• Throat;
• endaweni emphinjeni;
• esiswini;
• Ithumbu elincane lelikhulu;
• isibindi;
• amanyikwe.

Okulandelayo, sicabangela lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti wokugaya ukudla. Ithebula elingezansi isinikeza amazwibela izingxenye abamelwe yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini.

Uma ubheka isakhiwo kwezitho kohlelo, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla kuyinto obuphelele tube ka 7-9 amamitha. Abanye nezindlala ezinkulu zitholakala ngaphandle simiso izindonga Unomlayezo wakhe.

I engavamile walesi iqoqo izitho zomzimba lamapulangwe icwecwe kakhulu. ipheshana elisukela umlomo kuya ingquza kuze kufinyelele 900 cm, kodwa uvumelane emzimbeni ikhono ukusiza imisipha indlela wokugaya ukudla ekwakhekeni izihibe futhi amajika. Nokho, umsebenzi wethu - hhayi uhlu kuphela izitho wokugaya ukudla. Sibuyuyekeze ngokucophelela zonke izinqubo ezenzeka ngamunye pheshana emathunjini.

Sekukonke GI uhlelo lomsebenzi

ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, pharynx kanye kuqhoqhoqho ngempela isiqondiso reverse.

Manje ake sihlole kafushane incazelo ukulandelana ukudlula ukudla ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. izingxenye izakhi ingena emzimbeni womuntu ngembobo umlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi kufanele sibe nomphimbo, okwakha aphambana ipheshana wokugaya ukudla futhi umgudu wokuphefumula. Ngemva leli khadi ithunyelwa bolus phansi emphinjeni. Abantu ababefika babedla amakhasi futhi oswakanyiswe ngamathe, ukudla kuya esiswini. iziphathimandla ingxenye yokugcina emphinjeni itholakala endaweni besisu: esiswini, izimpumputhe encane, ikholoni izigaba emathunjini, futhi umdlavuza: pancreas.

Ukhalo kuyinto amathumbu ngqo. I ukudla ngalo ingaphakathi isisu izikhathi ezahlukene kuye ngohlobo imikhiqizo, kodwa ayeqi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe amahora amaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, yena lowo okuthiwa abiwa ngalo ingaphakathi umzimba ijusi esiswini. Ukudla kuba ketshezi, kuhlangana kwenzeka futhi eziswini. Ukuhambisa phambili, mass ingena emathunjini amancane. Lapha umsebenzi enzyme inikeza nokonakala eminye imithi yokudla okunempilo ibe izakhi elula esikuthola ngaphandle nobunzima bungene egazini lymph.

Ngaphezu kwalokho asalile mass ezihambayo emathunjini ezinkulu, lapho ukumuncwa amanzi kanye kumiswa kuso. Eqinisweni, kukhona izinto ezingenziwanga kugaywe futhi ayikwazi angena igazi lymph. Basuke kususwe kanye imvelo yangaphandle ngokusebenzisa ingquza.

Yini ngamathe womuntu?

On the mucosa ngomlomo, oqala ukulandelana ukudlula ukudla ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, kukhona ezinkulu nezincane salivary nezindlala. Elikhulu yilezo zitholakala eduze izindlebe, ngaphansi emhlathini kanye ngaphansi kolimi. Eminyakeni emibili izinhlobo nezindlala salivary ukukhiqiza imfihlo okuxubile: bona secrete ngamathe noma amanzi. I nezindlala eduze ezindlebeni ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza isikhwehlela kuphela. Amathe kungaba ngempela okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, e ukusetshenziswa kalamula ongamelana 7.5 ml ngomzuzu.

Iningi ngamathe amanzi, kodwa uqukethe enzyme: Amylase futhi maltase. Lezi enzyme ukugaya nqubo ukugijima ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo: Amylase iguqulwe isitashi ku maltose, okuyinto okwengeziwe wajinge wanamatsela ukuba glucose ngu maltase. Ukudla emlonyeni ngoba emfushane - akukho kuka imizuzwana 20, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi isitashi alinaso isikhathi ukuncibilikisa ngokuphelele. Ngamathe ngokuvamile noma ukusabela hlangothi noma kancane ane-alikhali. Futhi kule naphakathi ketshezi iqukethe amaprotheni lysozyme ekhethekile, okuyinto ine impahla amagciwane.

Landela emphinjeni

wokugaya ukudla uhlelo nokwakheka we kuqhoqhoqho elandelayo izingcingo ukuze emlonyeni nasemphinjeni isitho emathunjini. Uma silihlobanise umongo odongeni, kubonakala ngokucacile ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezintathu. Imidiyeni isicubu futhi kungaba shwabanisa. Lokhu izinga kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhambisa ukudla kusukela pharynx kuya esiswini. ezicutshini ngomphimbo ukhiqiza ukusikeka undulated ukuthi ukhulise kusukela phezulu umzimba yonke ubude bayo. Nge ukudlula bolus kanye itheku tube kukhona nokuvuleka sphincter isisu.

Lokhu imisipha igcina ukudla esiswini iphinde ivimbele ke ekuphokopheleni kolunye uhlangothi. Kwezinye izimo, Ukuvala sphincter sesibuthakathaka futhi uquqaba kugaywe kungaba ajikijela emphinjeni. Reflux kwenzeka, umuntu azizwa isilungulela.

Isisu wokugaya ukudla izimfihlo

Siyaqhubeka ukufunda oda wokugaya ukudla. Ngokuhamba emphinjeni kufanele kube esiswini. Kwasendaweni kuye - kwesokunxele quadrant eliphezulu esifundeni epigastric. Le ndikimba - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba ezinwetshiwe ipheshana yesisu ne odongeni muscled.

Ukuma kanye nosayizi isisu encike ngqo ngalokho elikuqukethe. umzimba elingenalutho has a ubude 20 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezindonga -. 7-8 cm Uma ngokulinganisela ukugcwalisa esiswini, ubude bayo kuyodingeka mayelana 25 cm, nobubanzi - 12 cm isitho ayesisebenzisa ingase futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga ekugcwaleni futhi. it kuhluka 1.5 amalitha kuya 4 amalitha. Lapho umuntu iphuza, imisipha esiswini ephumula, futhi lo mphumela ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni ekudleni. Kodwa ngisho nalapho ukudla iphelile, imisipha esiswini esimweni umsebenzi. Ukudla ingumhlabathi, kukhona ukucutshungulwa yayo mechanical futhi amakhemikhali imisipha ukunyakaza. ukudla okugayiwe lithuthela emathunjini amancane.

Ngaphakathi esiswini uphahlwe a ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye sebuningini pleats, okuyinto zitholakala wendlala. Umsebenti wabo - ukwaba ngangokunokwenzeka of ayo wokugaya ukudla. amaseli esiswini ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme hydrochloric acid uketshezi mucoid. Bolus afuthwe ngesibulali zonke lezi izinto kukhona phansi futhi edidayo. Imisipha, amakontraga, ukukhuthaza ukugaya.

Uyini juice esiswini?

juice esiswini uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle ne ukusabela acid, echaza khona hydrochloric acid. Kukhona ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko enzyme:

• protease (ikakhulukazi pepsin) ninamathele namaprotheni of polypeptide molecule;
• lipase ayisukumele amangqamuzana fat, kokuwaguqulela ku okunamafutha acid glycerol (esiswini kuphela ubisi wajinge wanamatsela emulsified amafutha inkomazi);
• ngamathe amylases uqhubeke umsebenzi cleavage of carbohydrate eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ushukela elula (njengoba bolus ngokugcwele ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-esidi juice esiswini, ama-enzyme amylolytic kukhona inactivated).

Hydrochloric acid kuba intfo lebaluleke kakhulu we uketshezi wokugaya ukudla, njengoba kuholela asebenzayo enzyme pepsin, ukulungiselela cleavage amaprotheni amangqamuzana, ubisi curdled futhi aqede wonke amagciwane. Ukukhululwa esiswini kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sakusihlwa futhi kuthathe amahora 4-6. Ubude ngelanga ketshezi inikezwe ukhululeka 2.5 amalitha.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi isibalo kanye nokusungulwa of juice esiswini incike izinga ukudla ezingenayo. Inani elikhulu zezitsha ekusithekeni ukugaya amaprotheni, komncane kunabo - ukumuncwa sendoda amafutha ukudla. Ngendlela enempilo Umzimba esiswini juice iqukethe lemali kahle esikhulu ka hydrochloric acid, i-pH zokhahlamba kusuka 1.5-1.8.

emathunjini amancane

Uma sicabanga ukuthi imizimba bayingxenye isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, into okwengeziwe yokutadisha - emathunjini amancane. Lolu hlelo ukugaya ahlukaniswe uvela kusukela pylorus esiswini kanye has a Ubude 6 amamitha. It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana:

• 12 duodenum lifushane kanye division olunzulu futhi ubude bayo imayelana 30 cm;
• Ithumbu Skinny elinesimo Ukwehla mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi kanye ubude 2.5 m;
• ileum iyona umncane kakhulu ikhadi mncane, nobude bawo 3.5 m.

Ithumbu elincane iseningizimu komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu ngesimo izihibe. On the phambi kwalo embozwe omentum futhi singatsheki kungagcini obukhulu ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Umsebenzi emathunjini amancane - ukuqhubeka zamakhemikhali izingxenye ukudla, kuhlangana yayo kanye nokudluliselwa umnyango obukhulu.

Udonga umzimba has a isakhiwo ejwayelekile zonke izingxenye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla futhi siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• ungqimba lwamafinyila;
• submucosal izicubu nge accumulations imizwa, izindlala, izindlala futhi imithambo yegazi;
• kwemisipha izicubu, esakhiwa i longitudinal zangaphandle kanye izingqimba isiyingi yangaphakathi futhi ngokufanele therebetween ungqimba sezicubu zezinzwa nemithambo yegazi nezinzwa (ungqimba kwemisipha unesibopho ukuxuba futhi ezihambayo eduze kugaywe uhlelo ukudla);
• serosa abushelelezi futhi moisturized, lokho kuvimbela ukungqubuzana phakathi izidumbu ngokwabo.

Izici of kokudla esiswini emathunjini amancane

Izindlala kufakwe emathunjini ukwakheka kwezicubu imfihlo angawodwa. Kuvikela mucosa ekulimaleni futhi umsebenzi ama-enzyme. izicubu lwamafinyila yakha sebuningini pleats omnidirectional, futhi lokhu kwandisa endaweni ukuncela. Isibalo izinhlangano idatha incipha maqondana emathunjini ezinkulu. Kusukela ngaphakathi mucosa we encane amathumbu villi nezigodi obubonisa ukuthi ukugaya usizo.

I-12 umnyango imvelo wavuma ane-alikhali, kodwa nge hit ke incipha pH lokuqukethwe esiswini. Amanyikwe imbobo has kule ndawo, futhi alkalizes imfihlo yayo bolus, phakathi okuyinto ngaleyo ndlela kuba hlangothi. Ngakho, ama-enzyme esiswini kukhona inactivated.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana nezindlala wokugaya ukudla

wokugaya ukudla has a nezindlala imbobo endocrine. Kwamanyikwe bukhipha ijusi nokudla indoda kanye nenombolo yakhe ixhomeke ukudla kwengoma. Amaphrotheni Ukudla kuvusa uketshezi komkhulu namafutha abangele kube nomphumela omubi. Ubude ngelanga amanyikwe ukhiqiza 2.5 amalitha juice.

Futhi emathunjini amancane ke inike gallbladder yayo imfihlo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-zisuka ngesidlo 5 kuphela iqala ngenkuthalo ukukhiqiza Bile, okuyinto oyenza yonke enzyme ijusi emathunjini. Le mfihlo futhi kuqinisa wokugaya ukudla ipheshana motor umsebenzi, kusenza sibe namandla leso kuhlangana kanye nokunyakaza ukudla. UMnyango 12 inhlabamkhosi cishe uhhafu amaprotheni wezokudla kanye ushukela, kanye nengxenye encane fat. Esikhathini esincane amathumbu enzymatic yokubola organic compounds ukuqhutshwa, kodwa kancane uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela futhi parietal oqavile ukumuncwa uhlamvu. Kakhulu uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela le nqubo kwenzeka emva 1-2 amahora ngemva kokudla. Kwedlula ukusebenza esifana izinyathelo esiswini.

Ithumbu elikhulu - yokugcina ukugaya esiteshini

Lena ingxenye ukuphela pheshana emathunjini, ubude bayo imayelana 2 m. Amagama akhawunti wokugaya ukudla uhlelo izici zabo yokwakheka, futhi ngokunengqondo baqonda ukuthi lesi sigaba sinesikhundla mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi eliphakeme. Ububanzi ikholoni kuyehla kusuka 7 kuya 4 cm eMnyangweni ukwehla ikholoni. Kule ndawo izingxenye ezilandelayo secrete ipheshana wokugaya ukudla:

• cecum, isithasiselo kokuba, noma isithasiselo;
• sinyuka ikholoni ahlukaniswe;
• ikholoni transverse;
• ukwehla ikholoni ingxenye;
• ikholoni sigmoid;
• umnyango oqondile, ophela ingquza.

ukudla okugayiwe ingena kusukela emathunjini amancane kuya enkulu ngokusebenzisa ukuvulwa elincane ngendlela umqhewu isebangeni nendawo. Kukhona uhlobo sphincter INGAPHANDLE Ngodebe okuyinto evimbela okuqukethwe izimpumputhe ikhadi ingress kolunye uhlangothi.

Yini izinqubo zenzeke emathunjini ezinkulu?

Uma yonke inqubo ukugaya ithatha phakathi no-awa lamatsatfu, iningi ukuhlala abiwa yinhlama ku ikholoni. Kubangela ekuqongeleleni okuqukethwe ukuncela ukuqaliswa izinto ezidingekayo namanzi, ezihambayo endleleni, ukwakheka kanye nokususwa indle. kuyinsakavukela bokuphila kuyinto edonsa ukudla okugayiwe emathunjini ezinkulu ngemuva kwamahora 3-3.5 emva kokudla. Lo mnyango ugcwele emini, kulandele bethulula yayo ephelele amahora 48-72.

Esikhathini ikholoni kukhona ukumuncwa glucose, amino acid, amavithamini kanye nezinye izinto ezivezwa amagciwane kule umnyango, futhi iningi (95%) amanzi bese electrolyte ahlukahlukene.

Izakhamuzi pheshana emathunjini

Cishe zonke izitho nezingxenye wokugaya ukudla kuhlala nezilwanyana ezincane. Kuphela esiswini ine esihlobeni inzalo (ukuzila ukudla) ngenxa imvelo ene-asidi. Inani elikhulu lama-bacterium awusizo kule ikholoni kuyinto - abafika kwabangu-10 bhiliyoni / 1 g indle. microflora ejwayelekile GI obukhulu ngokuthi eubioz futhi edlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwebantfu:

• kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic;
• synthesis amavithamini B kanye K, ama-enzyme, amahomoni kanye nezinye izinto ewusizo indoda;
• yehlukanise cellulose, hemicellulose futhi pectins.

Ikhwalithi kanye nenani le-microflora kumuntu ngamunye liyingqayizivele futhi lilawulwa yizici zombili zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

Qaphela impilo yakho!

Njengazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba womuntu, uhlelo lokugaya izitho lungaba nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa ne-ingress ye-pathogens engavamile kusuka ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu enempilo futhi isisu sakhe sisebenza ngokushelelayo, wonke amabhaktheriya ayingozi ayafa ekufeni kwemvelo. Uma ngesizathu esithile leli lungu lisebenza ngokungavamile, cishe noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kungakhula futhi kuholele emiphumeleni enzima, njengomdlavuza wesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Yonke into iqala kusukela ezincane: ukudla okunengqondo okungenangqondo, ukungabi nokudla okunamandla okudliwayo ekudleni , ukuphuza utshwala nokudla okunamafutha, ukubhema, ukucindezeleka, ukudla okunempilo, ukungcola okungcolile nezinye izinto ezingalungile kancane kancane kubhubhise umzimba wethu futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.

Uhlelo lokugaya izitho luyakwazi ukuthinta ithonya elimazayo ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi futhi uxhumane nodokotela uma kukhona ukungasebenzi emisebenzini evamile yomzimba.