Kwezikhathi Zawo ithebula Twardowski "ukuphila nomsebenzi" Sibutsetelo Biography of the imbongi

ithebula Kwezikhathi Zawo Twardowski "ukuphila nomsebenzi" bangaba esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni umbhali kanye imbongi ngo izifundo esikoleni ezincwadini. Umbhali ngokuyinhloko njengoba uMdali edumile isithombe Vasiliya Terkina, kodwa abafundi kumele bakhumbula ukuthi kwaba ubuntu kakhulu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa futhi waduma hhayi kuphela njengoba imbongi kodwa njengoba umlobi, umbiki, nombhali izihloko lesibonwa kanye ezibucayi.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Prakthiza imibukiso ukuthi ukhumbule kakhulu ngempumelelo amaqiniso Biography of wake waphila kusiza abafundi ithebula kwezenzakalo. Twardowski sithandwa futhi asikhumbule abafundi abaningi njengoba umbhali unekhono oye yatha- ulimi olunembile, eziqanjiwe futhi ezimibalabala, eduze temdzabu, abantu.

Umlobi yena wayevela emkhayeni ezweni elula. Wazalwa ngo-1910 esifundazweni Smolensk. Uyise wayengumGreki wensimbi, nonina wayevela homesteaders olulodwa. Noma kunjalo, kwakufanele izincwadi ekhaya, ngokuvamile kusihlwa abazali bomfana ukufunda imisebenzi nezincwadi zakudala Russian. Ngakho wathandana izinkondlo. Kukhona umbono ukuthi wayefuna ingane wabhala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala, ngakho ndawo ukuthi kurekhodwe kusukela lapho kwakungenziwanga abaqeqeshiwe ukufunda nokubhala. Kwezikhathi Zawo ithebula Twardowski ukuphila kuhlanganisa enkathini yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-umbono wakhe. Waya esikoleni sendawo ke esikolweni Pedagogical University, okuyinto engazange iziqu. Ukuze le nkathi eyakhe ucwaningo lwakhe lokuqala etemibhalo: Twardowski wabhala izinkondlo eziningi, okuyinto ekhishwa emaphephandabeni endawo.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Amaqiniso ebaluleke kakhulu lokusungula kwezincwadi umbhali kumele libonise ithebula kwezenzakalo. Twardowski is njengoba imbongi kazwelonke owabhala ulimi kufinyeleleke futhi kuyaqondakala kuka kahle nabanye abalobi abaningi, ababebakhonza ngifuna amafomu amasha ngokolimi yokukhuluma imicabango yabo yaziwe nakanjani, ngakho imisebenzi yabo kungukuthi njalo kuqondwe abafundi abavamile.

Ngo-1930 imbongi eyaduma hhayi kuphela izinkondlo zakhe, kodwa izinkondlo. Waqale yabhekisela intsha futhi asekelwe imbongi M. Isakovsky. Uyena owanikeza igunya ucwaningo lokuqala kwezincwadi kumbhali abasha. Ngalesi sikhathi, eshicilelwe iqoqo izinkondlo Aleksandra Trifonovicha netinkondlo, edume kakhulu okuthiwa "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane" (1936). Kulesi umsebenzi, umlobi wachaza Ukufuna ephelele elula ongumlimi umhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela ifomu nakancane ethulwa embonweni wakhe ikusasa nomphakathi wamaSoviet. Ngawo lowo nyaka umbhali iziqu eMoscow Institute of History, isazi Philosophy futhi nezincwadi zokufunda.

sempi

Phakathi neminyaka yempi, mhlawumbe, thatha indawo eyinhloko ekuphileni lalobhalako, ngakho kufanele aveze ithebula kwezenzakalo. Twardowski ngesikhathi elwa umlobeli esimisiwe, lo msebenzi kwakhanya isipiliyoni sakhe eliyigugu kanye nezithombe zokuphila ezempi kakhulu ayemphefumulele ukwenza impi izinkondlo, esanyatheliswa kamuva ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "oluzoQapha isosha esihlatshelelwayo". Kodwa umcimbi main kwalesi sikhathi kwaba Yiqiniso, ukushicilelwa inkondlo yakhe "Vasily Terkin". Njengoba avuma ngumlobi, umlingisi kokuthi wakhulelwa ngo-1939, kodwa phakathi neminyaka yempi kuphela, ekugcineni kwavela njengoba umfanekiso lilonke walilwela ethandwa.

Twardowski, itafula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo impilo kanye nomsebenzi ofakelwe yalokhu kubukezwa, wabhala yakhe edumile ethi kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945. ngokushesha Inkondlo yazuza uthando kazwelonke kanye nokuqashelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye zatuswa nezinye abalobi. Ngokwesibonelo, Bunin abize lokhu ngokuthi ngempela ethandwa inkondlo nge Akumangalisi elikhanyayo, ocebile futhi ephapheme ulimi. Isizathu salokhu impumelelo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umlobi wachaza uhlobo isosha elula Russian futhi yabonisa nendima yakhe ukunqoba. Amahlaya, ifomu elula zezinkondlo, kanye ukunemba yesithombe phambi ukuphila enikeziwe lo mkhiqizo udumo omkhulu phakathi izilaleli ebanzi.

Phakathi namashumi eminyaka kusukela post-yimpi,

Isihloko: "Twardowski: ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo impilo kanye nomsebenzi" zisendaweni ebalulekile ngokuhamba esikoleni kwezincwadi Russian. Kufanele kumakwe izinyathelo ezibalulekile etemibhalo nje kuphela kodwa futhi nemisebenzi yezenhlalo umlobi. Ngemva kwempi, wamiswa Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba umagazini "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha". Wabamba lokhu okuthunyelwe kusuka ngo-1950 kuya 1954. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, umagazini isibe isetshenziswa wamanje ovulekile izincwadi, okuyiwona umbhali washushiswa wagxeka. Eminyakeni 1950-1960 ebhala nezinye izinkondlo, phakathi zazo eceleni ngokuthi "Ukuze okude -. Umkhathi" Lapha kufanele uqaphele nesihlobo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi imbongi ukuze umbuso wamaSoviet.

Ngezansi uzothola itafula nge-mlando ezinkulu zokuphila Twardowski.

isikhundla setepolitiki

On the eyodwa esandleni, umlobi zigcinwe inqubomgomo, ngokukhethekile, Uyena owanikeza igunya lokubulawa collectivization, nakuba bakhe nezihlobo owabeka abaxosha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akazange kulandele eziningi nezinye abalobi ugcizelele okuqhubekayo lqembu e Yokuwina empini. Ngesimo olusankondlo, Nokho Kwavezwa ukudabuka ngokufa Stalin, sasibucayi wenkolo ubuntu kanye okushiwo iqembu.

umsebenzi wokuhlela

Aleksandr Tvardovsky, itafula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo ekuphileni okutshengisa ukwehluka imisebenzi yayo, odlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni Soviet izincwadi ncibilika isikhathi. Kusukela ngo-1958 kwaze 1970, umlobi kanye ngaphinde ngasebenza njengombonisi eMnyangweni "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" umagazini umhleli. Naphezu ukugxeka nokunganeliseki ubuholi beqembu, wanyathelisa imisebenzi abalobi ngeminyaka nasemaqinisweni, omisebenzi yakhe zivame ukusebenzisa esiphikisayo ngokumiswa party.

Ngemva kokufa ukuhlaselwa ukushicilela Khrushchev sika kwaqina. Nokho, akukho muntu owayelinga ukuhambisa imbongi elikhazimulayo esikhundleni sakhe. Khona-ke nawo adubula nephini lakhe futhi esikhundleni sabo ufake abantu ukuba nobutha. Ngemva kwalokho, umbhali yena wesulile futhi washona ngemva konyaka. Ngakho Twardowski biography, itafula lokulandelana kwezikhathi zomlando inikezwe lesi sihloko, babukhanya igcwaliswe, kubonisa ukuhlukahluka ithalente lakhe.