Haematology ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Haematology - cwaningo, okuyinto evame kakhulu ebekwe udokotela oyinhloko

Ukuhlola nesineke. Indlela elula kunazo futhi kalula nokwenzeka ukuze ufunde mayelana nezinkinga emzimbeni futhi ukuqonda lapho isiqondiso ukuhambisa ku - ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze Haematology. Ungenza lokhu yonke imitholampilo kamasipala, izibhedlela kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha ikhokhwe.

Yiluphi ulwazi ongazithola?

Haematology - incazelo yezingxenye zalo ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto kunikeza umbono walokho khona izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi oncological.

Uhlaziyo uhlola wonke amaseli kufakwe igazi kunqunywa ubukhulu babo, isisindo, inani nemaphesenti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga kulinganiswa ka-hemoglobin, hematocrit, futhi erythrocyte sedimentation izinga nesivinini.

It kwenziwe ukuhlolwa igazi phezu analyzer Haematology.

Nge imiphumela udokotela cwaningo Ungasho uma ngempumelelo ifaniswe ekwelashweni lesiguli akudingekile uma ukulungiswa yayo, futhi uma kudingeka, lokho ncamashi ufuna ukushintsha.

egazi Major nemisebenzi yabo

Yini eletha Haematology?

Zonke wafunda zamangqamuzana 3 - platelet, amangqamuzana abomvu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. konke injongo yabo kanye nokwenza imisebenzi ethile.

leukocyte

egazi White - main igazi abavikeli belwa eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Kuyinto amhlophe egazi amaseli yefomu round nge uhlamvu ngokwezifiso. ezizalela izikhungo - ISIZINDA okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi i-lymph. Bangabaholi izithiyo main ukuze azivikele izinhlayiya ukumela ingozi.

Uma ngasizathu simbe ubuningi noma izinga amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ewela, ISIZINDA avuvukile, ukuvumela ukutheleleka ukusakaza ngokusebenzisa kwabo. Amasosha omzimba liyancipha futhi ukusabela mzimba kuthiwa ehlile.

Ngokuvamile, ama-leukocyte kumelwe abe izinkulungwane 4,5-11. / Ml. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhluka yalo.

neutrophil

Neutrophil, okuyinto share ithatha ezingaphezu kuka-72% azo zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. La mangqamuzana amancane zitholakala ngokuyinhloko izicubu zomzimba womuntu, yabelana zabo egazini liphansi. Leli lungiselelo kungenxa yokuthi ama-neutrophil kumele ngaphambi zonke ukuthola indawo abangenwe namagciwane abangela izifo futhi iwukudambisa kubo.

Ukwandisa isibalo sabo ukukhuthaza izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma fungal, izinqubo ukuvuvukala, okuvela izimila, ukopha, izicubu ukulimala, imithi ethile. Nciphisa siyenzeka ekulungiseleleni igciwane, umthamo yokukhishwa kwemisebe.

eosinophils

Eosinophils unekhemikhali ezinobuthi kanye nemikhiqizo yabo nokucekelwa. Yizo ezinquma ukuthi kahle ayozithola isilonda sisheshe siphole nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezilimele kanye ukumelana nomzimba.

omdala ojwayelekile kusuka 1 kuya ku 5% ku-formula leukocyte. eosinophil Ukwandiswa esilotshwe kweyesi ukusabela okuhlukahlukene nomzimba, kucabanga helminthic, ukukhula izimila ebulalayo, isibindi sibe sesomile futhi izilonda emathunjini.

Isici esikhethekile la mangqamuzana ngukutsi anda izifo ezithathelwanayo kubonisa ekuqaleni yokutakula nesineke. It inciphise inani eosinophils nge Ukuwohloka ingqikithi umzimba, ukucindezeleka njalo, nokungalali, inkathi nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

basophils

Basophils iqembu kulencane amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, zingabantu kancane ngaphansi kuka-1% wezindleko, kodwa kukhona enkulu. Ngenxa yalezi kumaseli emzimbeni akukwazi ukusetshenziswa nomzimba eziningi izinhlayiya anobuthi, isib ngemva ukulunywa yizinambuzane.

basophils High ukwephulwa ingase ibangelwe izinga lama-hormone yegilo nesifo e peptic isilonda isifo, yensimbi ukuntula. ezingeni wabo uwela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinsuku lapho nge-ovulation kwenzeka, khona izikelemu.

Lezi zibalo kwembula Haematology.

monocytes

Monocytes - uhlobo leukocyte okusaqanda nge isakhiwo homogeneous. Ziyakwazi sivamile omdala - 3-11%. Kusinda zokuhlanza, niyalukhipha amaseli ubudala futhi lichitha umzimba sibhajwe doti, kanye kokubhubhisa kweqembu amasosha omzimba antigen.

Ukwanda kwenani monocytes kuphawulwe phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo efomini ezinzima, ukunciphisa - e anemias of etiologies ezahlukene. Uma monocytes cishe ayitholiwe, omunye kuthathwa khona pathologies eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana wegazi noma sepsis.

lymphocyte

Ama-lymphocyte ubophezelekile ukunakekela izivikeli mzimba ezingeni efanele, kungase kube iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, bethwele inkumbulo mzimba. Yingakho izifo eziningi ungalulama kanye kuphela endaweni esaphila. Egazini labo iqukethe mayelana 19-37%.

Ngosizo lymphocyte ayafa amaseli soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka ukufukamela ukwaziswa okusontekile. Nokho, ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi inombolo yabo kungaba ibonakalisa isimila esakheka umnkantsha. A ukwanda kancane is ebonwe yezifo izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. lymphocyte ukuntula kubangela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma lymphoma.

Nakhu kuletha test Haematology igazi. Kodwa akugcini lapho.

erythrocyte

amaseli abomvu egazi - amaseli silondoloze amazinga igazi elingenawo umoya evamile futhi deducing carbon dioxide kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi emishinini yokuphefumula kwegazi. Ngosizo lwabo, futhi enikeziwe kwandzisa zonke izicubu izakhamzimba. Ukunikeza i-oksijini exchange Kwenziwa nge-hemoglobin, aqukethe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Uma alwanele, zifike hypoxia.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ziya onomfutho kalula kakhulu futhi zingashintshwa kuze kube izikhathi 3. Uthola igazi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuyinto 4-5 mln. / Cu. mm 3.7-4.7 mln. / cu. mm ngokulandelana. Uma ukhuluphele, likhuluma ngokuphela izinkinga kanye nezinso, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, khona kuwuphawu lwesimila, eritremii. Ukuthola amalungiselelo ngama-corticosteroid kuthuthukisa izinga kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Kulula ukucacisa ukuhlolwa Haematology igazi.

Izinga yabo incipha ngenxa anemias ahlukahlukene, esikhathini abantwana uketshezi olunqwabelene emisipheni.

platelet

Ama-platelet I ukunikeza semithambo izindonga nezicubu of ikhono umzimba ukuze uhlale beqinile, okwandisa umthamo wabo okuzivuselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa impahla yabo occlude imithambo yegazi, ukopha izitobhi, igazi coagulates.

Ama-platelet I ongaqhoshisa bodwa nje kuphela kodwa futhi nabanye amaseli, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze bazivikele amagciwane engena egazini. Ngemva gluing pathogenic platelet amaseli uyabhujiswa, ukubulala futhi umthombo ingozi. Lesi sici sisebenzisa ngomzimba ofanayo ukubamba ndawonye emithanjeni amaseli semithambo.

Nazi ezinye ulwazi ukuhlolwa kwegazi hematological. Norm - amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 180-320 / ml ... Uma luyanda ke kukhona kungenzeka isifo sofuba, wegazi, izinqubo somdlavuza isibindi kanye nezinso, isifo samathambo, enteritis, ezithathelwanayo isifo exacerbation, ukucindezeleka ngokuzumayo, ukudakwa, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni.

Uma kancane kunokujwayelekile platelet izifo kungenzeka ezifana isifo sokusha kwesibindi, ukulimala kwesibindi kanye umnkantsha, ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka ama-hormone egilo, ukusebenzisa uphuzo ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa nokunwetshiwe imithi ethile.

Incazelo nezinye izinkomba ekucubunguleni

Yini okunye ukucacisa ukuhlolwa Haematology igazi? Kulungiswa ulula.

Ngemva kokutadisha ulwazi amaseli elandelayo igazi kumugqa kufanele hematocrit. Lona kumaphesenti wabo bonke egazi ne-plasma. Ngokuvamile, le nombolo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo 39-49%, uma bhalisiwe ukuhluka kancane, lokhu akusona isizathu sokuba kokuhlolisisa okukhulu, njengoba le nkomba luyadingeka jikelele ulwazi kuphela.

nokwanda okuphawulekayo noma ukwehla ethi kunenkinga nobungako amaseli ezithile igazi. hematocrit High uvame ukubonakala ngesikhathi yokuntuleka isikhathi eside umoya-mpilo noma amanzi ezicutshini zomzimba, igazi zezifo ezihlukahlukene futhi izinso. hematocrit okuphansi kungaba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, sindisa uketshezi.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ulwazi hematological ukuhlolwa igazi. Kulungiswa e abadala nezingane kuyafana, kodwa kukhona umehluko othize.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba bahlole erythrocyte sedimentation izinga - ESR. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube 1-12 mm / h kuye ngobulili nobudala. Inkulu kakhulu ESR sici for Oncology zivuvukale imisuka ehlukahlukene, isifo sezinso noma ukungalingani hormone kubangelwa, kuhlanganise sokukhulelwa kanye lactation, ukopha esesikhathini. isivinini MA lehla kaningi lapho coagulation isiyaluyalu nayo kwabantu ngegazi elalisesandleni kungabangela ukopha eziphikelelayo - hemophilia.

Khomba zonke lezi zici ezibalulekile ungatholakala Haematology ukuhlolwa igazi. Ukususa ukubethela kumele kwenziwe onguchwepheshe.

isiphetho

Self kulungiswa hematological igazi ukuhlaziywa ingasetshenziswa ulwazi nokuhlola kuphela. Zonke imicabango yabantu futhi uya khona kumele kwenziwe kuphela udokotela njengoba ukucacisa uphethwe kungadinga ezinye izivivinyo.

Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa izifo eziningi noma ukuthola kwabo ngendlela efanele usaqala, azihlole Kunconywa ukuthatha akukho esingaphansi konyaka esigabeni omdala sabantu, njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, izingane nasebekhulile. Sokuqonda ukuhlaziywa hematological kuzosiza ukuvimbela izinhlobo eziphambili pathologies.