Wafika ngamuphi unyaka Petersburg yasungulwa? Ubani eyasungulwa Petersburg?

Wafika ngamuphi unyaka Petersburg yasungulwa? Lo mbuzo ithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba kule muzi ubizwa ngokuthi Northern Palmyra. izakhamuzi zakhona abhekwa nezihlakaniphi. City isikhathi eside laliyinhloko-dolobha yoMbuso wase-Russian. Yena echichima iminyuziyamu, izigodlo, izikhumbuzo namasiko.

Wafika ngamuphi unyaka Petersburg yasungulwa

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa ngo-May 27 1703rd ngomyalo Russian Tsar uPetru mina ku Hare Island kwakhiwe le nqaba yaqalwa. Waba isakhiwo lokuqala kuleli dolobha, okuyinto kamuva wathola igama Petersburg. Umuzi ngokwawo ine imvelaphi yokufakelwa.

Lapho Petersburg yasungulwa? Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kunjengokungathi landa lisuka lutho emaxhaphozini. Nokho, lokho akulona iqiniso. Ngalokho unyaka yasungulwa by Petersburg indlela kwathi ngokushesha ngibuye ngilakhe, kuzoqhubeka. Zisuka nje ukuthi nokwakha inqubo ezinzima futhi zazibiza kakhulu.

Umlando omncane

Settlement ngomlomo uMfula iNeva waqala esizokwakhiwa, kusukela ekhulwini XIV, abaseSweden (Landkrona Fortress, 1300) kanye Novgorod (Ust-Ohta, 1500). Ngo-1611, ngesikhathi confluence eMfuleni Okhta ku iNeva abaseSweden wakha inqaba Nienschanz, eduze kwayo ngokushesha uvele Nienshtadt yokubeka (e-Swedish - "umuzi iNeva"), okuyinto sekuthi ngo-1632 wathola isimo idolobha. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII Nienshtadt waba ukuhweba itheku elikhulu, sizungezwe inqwaba zokuhlala. Ngo-1703 yena waba esasithunjwe amasosha Russian futhi uqambe kabusha Shlotburg.

izinhlelo zokuqala kaPetru mina

Ubani eyasungulwa Petersburg okwakukhona izimfanelo salokhu? Ukuvikela amasimu amasha ezanqotshwa IsiSwidi Ingria phakathi neMpi Northern, Tsar uPetru nganquma ukwakha inqaba entsha, okuyinto yasungulwa Meyi 27, 1703 ku kwesinye seziqhingi engxenyeni okubanzi le somfula iNeva. A Juni 29, ngesikhathi St. kaPetru, le nqaba owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi iSt Peter-Burj (behlonipha umphostoli uPetru). Lena enye impendulo yombuzo lapho unyaka Petersburg yasungulwa. Ekuqaleni, ukuze ukusheshisa umsebenzi wokwakha izindonga kwathululwa bomhlaba. Futhi ukudalwa wokwakha izakhiwo lwaqala eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. It kuvela ukuthi igama le nqaba futhi awunika igama lokuthi ikusasa edolobheni, yona eyaqala ukwenza i esizokwakhiwa nxazonke phezu emaxhaphozini akhanywa futhi iziqhingi angomakhelwane.

Ithempeli lokuqala Petersburg, yokudlela kanye marina

Ngo-November, 1703rd ku Birch Island wavula ithempeli lokuqala lomuzi - zintathu. Kwakuthinta elakhiwa kwezinkuni. Nokho, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva lavuselelwa kukhonkolo noma etsheni. Okokuqala, ayebonakala izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhulekela zamaKhanani dolobha entsha. Kukulo muzi lapho e 1721-m UPetru wayeseyibamba isihloko umbusi. Le ndawo lapho zasethempelini zazigcinwa, kwadingeka igama elifanayo - zintathu. Yena waphuma emfuleni. INeva. Lapha futhi okufakwe marina lokuqala edolobheni. Ukuze wakhe ke sesisondele imikhumbi eminingi ngenxa yokulayisha athula. owokuqala yokucima ukoma egcekeni zihlalo Kuphinde kwakhiwa endaweni. Lesi siqhingi, okwakuwuphawu inqaba, ke lethiwe Hare emzini.

ukwakhiwa

Ukuze kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa itshe uPetru mina wenqabela ngokomthetho ukwakhiwa itshe kulo lonke elaseRussia, kodwa ufaka ngasinye Petersburg ekhokhwa intela ekhethekile. Le ndoda yayinemibuzo ukuletha ethile itshe noma ukhokhe izindlela ezifuze lena kwezinye imali. Buildings nazo esakhiwe ngaphesheya komfula. igceke lemikhumbi eyakhelwe. Kabusha Vasilyevsky esiqhingini ukuthi uPetru ayefuna ukwenza enkabeni yedolobha. Inqubo ukwakhiwa kwakunzima, kodwa lowo eyasungulwa Petersburg, kwadingeka ukuzimisela ukulandela ngokusebenzisa futhi wayazi ukuthi kumelwe enzeni.

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli dolobha, okuyinto Kwakuhlelwe njengendlela "ifasitela eYurophu", eholwa ongoti angaphandle, kanti imisebenzi yokwakha eyenziwa serfs, nokunye. N. abalimi isimo. Kugcine ehlelelwa inkonzo zabasebenzi. Balethwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. abantu mayelana 24 ayizinkulungwane kuphela babehilelekile amahlathi ukugawula, nkinga emaxhaphozini futhi wokwakha imigwaqo. Njengoba Kwakuhileleke 1717 abantu abangekho empini e ukwakhiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi kakade yalahlekelwa u-6% izisebenzi zokwakha ayizinkulungwane 300.

Izakhiwo zokuqala wakhonza utilitarian futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, umsebenzi ukuzivikela. Noma ubani eyasungulwa Petersburg, eRussia wafuna ukusungula khona kule ndawo amakhulu eminyaka. Ngokushesha, ukwakhiwa busakazeke nakakhulu futhi iye yenziwa kahle kakhulu futhi ngendlela ehlelekile. Imisebenzi yayenziwa abaqondiswa bezindlu abaqeqeshiwe. Ngo 1706-m ukuphathwa yonke imisebenzi kanye nemibuzo Office of Urban Wezindaba yadalwa. Ngo 1716-m wamukelwa uhlelo esiyinhloko edolobheni, elaklanywa umakhi Domenico Trezzini, owayesebenza edolobheni selokhu aba khona. Kuvumelana leli cebo, Centre kuhlelwe ukubeka ku Vasilyevsky Island. Kwaba njalo bethanda yenkosi. Lesi siqhingi sethiwa wageza ngelesibili emiseleni iNeva. iPlani lakhe ukumboza igridi geometrically njalo emigwaqweni, nokwenza iziteshi amanzi. Nokho, maduze nje ukwakhiwa babenezinkinga ngu Jean-Baptiste Leblond.

I inhloko-dolobha yombuso

Yebo, uPeter Omkhulu eyasungulwa Petersburg. Kancane kancane zasondela dolobha lakhiwa kabusha ngempumelelo futhi lakhula. Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala angaphandle efika e ethekwini 1703. Ngo 1705th lowo muzi wahlangabezana ngesikhukhula, futhi ngo-1712-m Petersburg ezamenyezelwa inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Lapha zonke zikahulumeni inkantolo yayitholakala lihlehlisiwe. Njengoba sazi ukuthi Omkhulu Northern neMpi ngesikhathi sasingakafiki seliqediwe, it is a precedent zomlando esiyingqayizivele - inhloko-dolobha ye-state phansi omunye. Petersburg wahlala inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kuze 1918, ngesikhathi futhi wamemezela eMoscow.

Ngo 1709, esikoleni wokuqala womphakathi eRussia wavulwa Petersburg, ngo 1719-amamitha - Museum lokuqala (Kunstkamera). Ngo-1724-m yasungulwa Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ngo 1728-m yaqala ukunyathelisa iphephandaba lokuqala Russian. Ngo 1851 Petersburg kwakuhlangene eMoscow 451-ikhilomitha ujantshi.

Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, idolobha iqanjwe kabusha izikhathi eziningana (e Petrograd ngo-1914, i-Leningrad ngo-1924). Ngo-1991, lapho esebuyele igama original. Kuyinto ngobukhulu phakathi emizini Europe. Ngo 1725th labantu Petersburg kwaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-40, iningi labo kwakungebona lempi, izakhamuzi zakule ndawo angomakhelwane, kanye inqaba, ashiwo idolobha kulo msebenzi wokwakha. Ekupheleni kwekhulu kwakukhona abakhileyo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200. Manje Petersburg inabantu abangaphezu kuka-5 million.

samanje

1 Petru eyasungulwa Petersburg, futhi umuzi waphenduka jewel lizwe. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezitaladini mayelana 1200 futhi amasonto angaphezu kuka-70. Izivakashi ngeke abashiye ezikhangayo ngabandayo ezifana Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, St uPetru noPawulu Cathedral kanye uPetru noPawulu Fortress, Winter Palace, Hermitage, Kunstkamera nabanye. Wozani umuzi iNeva, abahlanganyeli umlando izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe!