Isifundazwe uVladimir ngokomongo yomlando Russian

isifundazwe uVladimir, kwakheka 1796 by isimemezelo okuzisholo kaKesari uPawulu mina yayikhona ushintsho oluncane kuze 1929, waba nomlando omude, is kuhlangene ukuba umlando impilo yeRussia. Phakathi nenkathi yokubusa kombuso Ivana Groznogo isikhungo salo sokuphatha - edolobheni lasendulo Russian Vladimir - libuswa ababusi aqokwe umbusi ngqo. Uzigcina inani layo eminyakeni elandelayo.

Inkathi Petrine kwekuhlela kabusha

Peter mina, efuna ngokucophelela yokuqinisa mpo kahle kwemandla embuso, ngo-December 1708 yakhipha isimemezelo owawuthi yonke insimu ka ngaphansi koMbuso Russian lahlukaniswa laba ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalombili kabani ababusi soloko kwababusi kwabizwa ngokuthi. Ngaleso sikhathi, edolobheni laseVladimir, ongakabi wathola isimo isihloko ukuzimela Federation, ezaba yingxenye yemiBhalo esanda eyasungulwa sifundazwe eMoscow, ekubeni maphakathi iminyaka emibili omunye izifundazwe wayo oyinhloko Usigaxamabhande.

kwande kakhulu ku kabusha zokuphatha, uPetru mina e 1718 wakhipha isimemezelo omusha endaweni isiRashiya kwakuwulimi kuncike division ngisho ezincane izifundazwe amahlanu beniyingxenye izifundazwe kuqala wamisa futhi ilawulwa kwababusi. Ngaphansi kwalesi simemezelo, uVladimir elaba isikhungo esifundazweni, lapho isifundazwe uVladimir yasungulwa esikhathini esizayo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokomthetho wesifundazwe ingeyamakhosi izifundazwe, ukuba babahole izimantshi akazange akhathazeke e nababusi okhonzile futhi kwadingeka ukuzimela egcwele oda yabo. Okuwukuphela isethi ukubuthela, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izindaba eziphathelene zokuvikeleka wezempi.

Ithonya empresses amabili isiphetho esifundazweni uVladimir

Phakathi nokubusa Empress Elizabeth wanikeza ngiyibona entsha ukuze impilo engokomoya Vladimir futhi lesi sikhathi esifundazweni sonke inkulu, maphakathi ayezoba. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ukuvuselelwa ngaphambilini ezaqedwa uVladimir bhishobhi, kanye nokumiswa esikoleni sobufundisi, aphuma izindonga izibalo abaningi ababevelele Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

Ukuzalwa kwayo esemthethweni Isifundazwe uVladimir ukuthi sikweleta esinqumweni okulandelayo Russian Empress - uCatherine II, siguqulelwa a Mashi 1778 esifundazweni wangaphambili njengenhlangano amayunithi ezimele zokuphatha awubeka isimo efanele.

Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha iNdlovukazi wakuthola kudingekile ukuguqula esanda eyasungulwa esifundazweni yokubusa, ihlukaniswe ngezigodi nane. Kuleli fomu ke sekuneminyaka iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, kuze kube seqophelweni, njengoba uPawulu mina e 1796, wabuyela isimo yesifundazwe.

Inkathi Bright, kodwa emfushane uPawulu mina

Ngokwe-Imperial Isinqumo, uVladimir sifundazwe izifunda zahlukaniswa Yuriev, Suzdal, Pereslavl, Melenkovsky, Vyaznikovsky, Shuya, Pokrovsky, Murom, Gorokhovets nemaphakathi - Vladimir. Ingqikithi - ezimele amayunithi eziyishumi zokuqondisa indawo cishe ezingamashumi amane nantathu namakhulu eshisayo square, lalilikhulu ngokwanele ukuba ihlanganise emazweni amaningana aseYurophu.

Inkathi liqhakazile, kodwa emfushane wokubusa kwakhe uPawulu mina esungulwe ukudalwa yonke imikhandlu izifundazwe Russian yezokwelapha, ababe ngaleso sikhathi izikhungo lokuqala wezokwelapha kanye nezokuphatha yezwe emlandweni. Kwakuyisikhathi isinyathelo esibalulekile kakhulu zezempilo zomphakathi, lapho ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa wafakwa ngaphansi kolawulo isimo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, hhayi kuphela edolobheni kodwa edolobhaneni esifundazweni uVladimir yawela emkhakheni buka iziphathimandla zokuphatha, ukulawula umsebenzi izibhedlela, yangasese imisebenzi odokotela, kanye nokuqapha ukuhambisana kuso sihambisana nezindinganiso zempilo ezifanele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuvela umlando Russian Zemsky odokotela kamuva ehlotshisiwe ngamagama amaningi adumile.

Ngo 1803, kulandela umbusi - u-Alexander I, owaphumelela yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian kayise ababulewe - ngamisa Kovrov, Sudogodsky no-Aleksandru County uVladimir sifundazwe, ngokuletha inani kuze nantathu. Bonke babehlukene beyizizwe ezimbili namashumi amabili nambili lesifunda.

Map Mende uVladimir Isifundazwe

Kusukela esigabeni lomcoka kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale indaba ebanzi kakhulu lo mfelandawonye uwela ngekhulu XIX, abacwaningi yesimanje abe esibalulekile impahla eziphathelene nomlando wayo. Ikakhulukazi, indlela ukubheka isikhathi Isifundazwe uVladimir, kungatholakala sibonga umsebenzi omunye wabaholi we-Imperial Ordnance Survey, uLieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Mende. Phakathi imibhalo egcinwe ku State Archives, uye yakhiwa atlases zabo eziyisishiyagalombili izifundazwe isiRashiya, phakathi lapho ethulwa futhi uVladimir.

wabuka yayo ezindawo

isifundazwe Map Mende uVladimir, wenza angaphezu namashumi amahlanu edlule, okumbalwa, efana ibalazwe wesimanje uVladimir sakithi. walo enyakatho sinwebiswe Kostroma futhi Yaroslavl izifundazwe, empumalanga - ukuze Nizhny Novgorod, entshonalanga - waseMoscow futhi South - ukuze Ryazan kanye Tambov.

Ngokusekelwe idatha avezwa Atlas, futhi ayizange ithuthuke kuze 1929, insimu ingqikithi esifundazweni kufinyelelwa engxenyeni XIX leminyaka kuze yesibili ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu namakhulu amakhilomitha square. Kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga-ke sinwebiswe amakhilomitha amathathu namashumi amane nesishiyagalombili, futhi ubude obukhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu kwaba mayelana amabili namashumi amakhilomitha amahlanu nesithupha.

A isifunda ezinkulu yezimboni Russia

Eminyakeni ezandulela Okthoba revolution, esifundazweni ibekwe njengezwe lesithathu eRussia by ivolumu ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. On endaweni yayo, kwakukhona izinkampani amane namashumi ayisikhombisa, abasebenzi abasebenzi cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu namakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, le ndawo yezwe isibe omunye izikhungo kunazo asebenzayo we ukunyakaza kwamaBolshevik, okuyinto buvezwa ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa wayo. Ngo-1929, isinqumo uhulumeni wesifundazwe uVladimir njengenhlangano iyunithi ezimele zokuphatha uyekwa, indawo elalisanda kumiswa Ivanovo esifundeni ezimbonini.