Kuyini esiphikisayo kabusha futhi ukuthi kwenzekani lapha eRussia

Indodana yesibili ka-Alexander II wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi ngemva kokufa umfowabo omdala. Wayengahlezi uzilungiselele ukubusa, naphezu kwalokhu, nokubusa kwayo Russia wabhekana nezenzakalo eziningi wathatha nemiphumela ngempela eziphikisa. Alexander III nullified impumelelo ovulekile yeningi yezwe. Kwakuphakathi Russia bakhe bafunda ukuthi iyini esiphikisayo kabusha futhi wayizwa nemiphumela uhulumeni olandelanayo.

Kumiswa izinkolelo yenkosi

ukubukwa Political ka-Aleksandru III kwamiswa ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla umnakekeli wakhe futhi umeluleki K. Pobedonostsev. Lokhu sezombusazwe banengeke kuqhathaniswa ukwethulwa sengqondo Russian yamanani Western Europe nomphakathi. Bohulumende basemakhaya ecabange ezingadingekile, isimo sabo sengqondo - "esitolo ukukhuluma", kusukela lapho kufanele ukuqeda. Abantu, ekuqondeni Pobedonostsev kufanele obheke Ubaba eNgophezukonke. Isidingo sokulondoloza endaweni Russian Empire autocracy umeluleki eNgophezukonke uthathwa njengoba inqubomgomo efanele kuphela, futhi yimuphi ukuphambuka kusuka Yiqiniso, ngokusho kwakhe, uzobhubhisa isimo kanye eziphonsa ezweni waba nezinxushunxushu.

Mhlawumbe nkosi esizayo kwakungeke izimfundiso Pobedonostsev, kodwa ngokubulala uyise, u-Alexander II, kwaphoqa umbusi autocratic eziphethweni ngalokuvakalako. Alexander III wanquma ukuthi ukuxegiswa abantu Russian akunakwenzeka, guqula nomphakathi - bayingozi futhi kuholele nezinxushunxushu.

Inkambo zezombusazwe ka-Aleksandru III

I iziphakamiso eyinhloko inkambo okufanele ka-Aleksandru III zazimi kanje:

• Ukuqiniswa autocracy, ekuqiniseni ukulawula ngokugcinwa lombhalo oda, ukunwetshwa isigaba amalungelo zasebukhosini.
• Nokususwa amandla osopolitiki ovulekile.
• isimiso sezombangazwe laseRussia laqala ukuthola izici isimo amaphoyisa. Ukuphikisa kwekuhlela kabusha kuka-Alexander III kwaholela ukuvela umnyango Security. amaphoyisa I Tsar izimfihlakalo wabukela kwemizwa izifundo zezombusazwe, elawulwa, futhi uma kunesidingo - futhi ukuvimbela umsebenzi wokuhlasela ngaphandle kwecala.

• Russification okusebenzayo kwe nedlelo kazwelonke ezindaweni ezisanda yayilokhu izidlela nje. Lesi isilinganiso, ukuze ichithe noma imuphi umzamo wokuthola ukubuyisela ukuzimela ezweni labo futhi ubuzwe. Uma becindezelwa umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi kazwelonke izincwadi, isiko kanye ubuciko - izibalo zikazwelonke ku-uqobo waqaphela ukuthi lobu esiphikisayo kabusha futhi yiziphi nemiphumela yaso.

Izinguquko futhi esiphikisayo kwekuhlela kabusha kuka-Alexander III awamenzanga ukuchitha ngempela elinganiselayo inqubomgomo angaphandle umugqa. Indaba wabiza abanokuthula, ngoba uthanda isisombululo sokuthula ukuba izinkinga ngqo ukungenela ezempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkosi yase Russia akazange ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezempi futhi akazange angene imifelandawonye lempi.

isikhathi counter-izinguquko

Ukumelana ukwethulwa amagugu European eMbusweni Russian kwaholela ekusungulweni eziningi izinqumo zezombusazwe, ukuxhumanisa inkosi yebo. iminyaka 1880-1900 okuthiwa mlando counterreforms isikhathi isimo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ke kukhanselwe imizamo eminingi ovulekile kanye nenguquko. Russia sathola ukuthi kungakanani esikwazi esiphikisayo kabusha, futhi waqala ukuvuseleleka izimiso Nicholas I.

Uyini esiphikisayo kabusha indlela Kwakuseshwa

YeKambiso izikhulu esiphikisayo kabusha wanika amandla enkulu Ukukhetha ka jurors. UMbusi anikezwe ilungelo inselelo noma yimuphi ilungu lebandla labasizi bejaji ngaphandle kokunikeza izizathu. Kwathiwa yethulwa komkhawulo abalulekile impahla kanye neziqu zemfundo ngoba abasekeli.

Ukuphikisa kwekuhlela kabusha kuka-Alexander III futhi kwathinta wendawo ukuzibusa. Abalimi babe kakhulu kwanciphisa inani nabameleli bayo kuhulumeni wasekhaya, futhi izikhulu lezinceku, kunalokho, quota anda. izaziso engeziwe uguqule uhlelo lokhetho abakulungiselweyo, umphumela okwakukhona ukwehlisa isibalo sabantu abafanelekile ukuvota.

Imikhawulo emkhakheni wezemfundo kanye ukuphrinta Lisho ukulinyazwa Liberals, ababesenethonya ungazange wabona ukuthi lokhu esiphikisayo kabusha. Njengoba umgomo ukuvimbela nasekuqiniseni zengqondo ovulekile emphakathini izinyathelo ezinqala Benziwe ukoma ukulawula intsha nabafundi. izifundo Kuvaliwe zabesifazane, amanyuvesi bancishwa amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko, kukhuphuke ukufundisa Imali nokuphathwa phezulu amanyuvesi ngabaphansi ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana isiyingi "Ngo izingane umpheki sika", amakilasi aphansi abangu ophucwa ilungelo lokuthola imfundo ephakeme.

The main esiphikisayo kabusha, ithebula oboniswe ngezansi, chaza ngokucacile zonke izici ezinkulu imisebenzi yenkosi endleleni eya wamaphoyisa autocratic.

Ukuphikisa kwekuhlela kabusha kuka-Alexander III. Imiphumela

Umphumela Inqubomgomo yasekhaya Alexandra Peacemaker kwaba kuqiniswa eyisihlobo yangaphakathi ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe. Kodwa isifiso sokuba senkululeko kanye nentando yeningi azizange zinyamalale - ke ngokoqobo yamila ku expanses yeRussia, weza amandla indodana ka-Aleksandru III - uNicholas II.