Uyini monopolization futhi simthinta kanjani emnothweni?

Umnotho kukhona inombolo ngokwanele enkulu izinqubo ezahlukene ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa yayo futhi Yiqiniso. Omunye wabo monopolization. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa unezici okuhle nokubi, futhi kufanele zihlolwe futhi kushintshwe ukuze ugweme nemiphumela ephawulekayo ezimbi. Ngakho uyini monopolization, wakheke yayo futhi uyini umthelela?

Inchazelo

Ukuze uqonde umbuzo "liyini monopolization" kumelwe liqondwe ukuthi imakethe wokuncintisana ephelele libhekene ukufana izimpahla ahlinzekwa, inani elikhulu abakhiqizi, nenkululeko ukuhweba kanye nokwaziswa. Lesi simo kwakuthiwa enhle, futhi kuthathwa njengesibonelo, kodwa okungokoqobo alihlangani. okuphambene wako kusungulwe monopolies. E. emakethe (noma ezinye isiqondiso salo) kuthatha omunye noma izinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu ukuthi ukusungula inqubomgomo zamanani alawule ukukhiqizwa nokunye. D. Lena inqubo monopolization. Luhlanganisa, njengoba umthetho, yiwona mkhakha emnothweni. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni post-Soviet, cishe kuyo yonke indawo kukhona esinakho emkhakheni izindlu. I monopolization embonini kuleli cala libhekene yokuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ukuze labantu nemabhizinisi kagesi inikeza inkampani eyodwa nje kuphela, igesi - amanzi yesibili - .. I eyesithathu, njalonjalo abathengi abanalo kungenzeka lokukhetha umphakeli, akukho mncintiswano intengo nokunye ..

amaqiniso omubi

Izinkinga monopolization wemakethe ngokuqondile definition umqondo uqobo. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Izinga eliphansi noma ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo mncintiswano kukhinyabeza inqubo ukuthuthukiswa, kunciphise isidingo ngcono kanye sesimanje ukukhiqizwa.
• Monopolist Ungasetha intengo zabo izimpahla, kungakhathaliseki amakhono umthengi, ukuthi iphula intengo zilingana.
• Nobunzima emakethe ukungena izinkampani ezintsha imikhiqizo efanayo.

ezicini ezinhle

Uyini monopolization mayelana nomthelela emnothweni? Asinakusho ukuthi le nqubo kunomthelela ongemuhle kakhulu, t. Ukuze. Kukhona-agumenti eziningana esivuna yayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Inkampani enkulu (noma inhlangano eziningana) ubanzi zezimali kanye lobuchwepheshe esanele ukuqhuba ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha banciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
• Monopolistic izinkampani sibonga isikali yayo livikela kakhulu iyehla iyenyuka conjunctural umkhakha noma yonke emakethe, usizi ezezimali nezomnotho, nokunye. N.

imiphumela

Uma kukhona monopolization kujwayele ukuthatha beka ukulahlekelwa net umphakathi. Lubonakaliswa yokuthi abakhiqizi kungaba pheze angenamkhawulo ukukhulisa amanani ku izimpahla kanye namasevisi, kungakhathaliseki izinguquko izindleko, umthengi uphoqelekile ukuthenga kubo ngesikhathi imibandela eshiwo. Kusukela athola imali eyiphinda umthengi musa ukwandisa ke ivolumu imikhiqizo uthenge kuyehla, ngakho-ke, kunciphisa lizinga lekuphumelela kulo lonke umkhakha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi monopolist uthola inzuzo ngokungenangqondo okusezingeni eliphezulu, nasemphakathini wonkana ilahlekelwa yi-le nqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ezivela izici ezingezinhle abalwe ngenhla.

Wenzenjani aqaphele?

Uyini monopolization kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono? Emazweni ahlukahlukene kanye imikhakha ukubaluleka okuyinto kunqunywa ezingeni wokuncintisana yehluke. Imfundiso yokuthi uma wesithathu wemboni elalihlala ukukhiqizwa eyodwa umkhiqizi, nengxenye - izinkampani ezintathu (abakhiqizi noma abahlinzeka), futhi abahlanu kuwo ukumboza engaphezu kwengu-60%, kukhona ezingeni eliphansi mncintiswano. Ekhoneni emakethe ibona, uma inani eliphelele izinkampani - akukho engaphezu kweyishumi ziqhubeka. Ukubala Inkomba ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa Harfindela - Hirschman Inkomba, okusekelwe izinkomba lonke inani amafemu kanye isabelo sabo embonini ngokuya iphesenti. Umsebenzi yokunquma ezingeni monopolization kanye nezinga mncintiswano ngokuvamile ewela embusweni, njengohlanga le nqubo kakhulu kuthinta emnothweni kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi hhayi kuphela umkhakha olulodwa, kodwa lonke izwe lilonke, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezingeni sabantu.

kokungenela isimo

Ukuba khona lizinga monopolization emnothweni ulawulwa ezingeni zomthetho. izinyathelo Economic isetshenziswa silondoloze mncintiswano, ukuvimbela esinakho kanye nomthelela walo omubi, zihlanganisa:

• Amaprosesa, uxhaso noma ukuhlinzeka izinzuzo abakhiqizi imikhiqizo esikhundleni, izimpahla ayindlala nokunye. N.
• Ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimbonini silawula yonke, kuhlanganise nabathandekayo angaphandle, kanye nosizo uma ufaka emakethe
• Ukuqalwa kanye uxhaso lwemisebenzi ucwaningo sokuthuthukiswa embonini ukuncintisana kancane.

Yokuqondisa izinyathelo isimo zihlanganisa:

• Control indalo, sihlangane nabo, ukuzuza nokunye. N. Of izinkampani yokukhiqiza.
• Pushing demonopolisation (ngokuhlukana, ebhidliza).
• Izinhlawulo, umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha kanye lobugebengu monopolization lokuzama ukubulala lo umkhakha.

Uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ukulwa iyisingeniso e-United States. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva, iRussia futhi bacabangisise ngesinqumo yempikiswano monopolization izimakethe, kuhlanganise noMthetho ekuncintisaneni futhi ukusungulwa ikomiti ekhethekile ukusebenza kulesi siqondiso.