Umlando Ulimi: Russian owasungula zamagama?

"Indlela ukuqala Homeland", emazwini ingoma ubudala futhi umphefumulo? Futhi kuthathela ezincane: uthando ulimi umama okungokomthetho, kanye zamagama. Sonke kusuka ebuntwaneni ojwayele uhlobo oluthile sezinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi of isiRashiya. Futhi njengoba umthetho, ngokuvamile abacabangi: nini futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho ebhalela, kweza umuntu othile ne yokubhala isiRashiya? Nokho khona kanye nokuvela incwadi - kuyinto kwibanga elibalulekile futhi ayisisekelo nokuvuthwa zomlando ezizweni zonke emhlabeni, okwaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni yokuphila kazwelonke kanye nesazisi. Ngezinye izikhathi elahlekile in the mists amagama ezithile abadali ukulotshwa kwencwadi abantu. Kodwa umongo Slavic kwakungenjalo. Futhi kwalabo abakhuphuka kanye yokubhala isiRashiya, eyaziwa kuze kube manje. Ake, futhi sizobe ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalaba bantu.

Kuyini zamagama?

Igama elithi "zolimi" lisuselwa ezimbili zokuqala izinhlamvu LamaGreki izinhlamvu alpha ne-beta. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaGreki asendulo wafaka eziningi umzamo ukuthuthukiswa eyaziwa futhi basakaza lokubhala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ubani owasungula zamagama ngqa emlandweni wezwe? Lokhu kwenziwa, ososayensi phikisana. The main hypothesis - "ABC" nesi, okuyinto eyenzeka eminyakeni acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezedlule. Omunye omdala (eyaziwa) kubhekwe amagama Chinese nabaseGibithe. Ukubhala eba kusukela umdwebo izibonakaliso, kuphenduke uhlelo sokuqhafaza. A izimpawu ukubonisa babe imisindo.

Ukuthuthukiswa lokubhala emlandweni wesintu ongalwenza neze overestimated. In ulimi abantu, imibhalo yakhe yabonisa ukuphila, impilo kanye nolwazi, zomlando izinhlamvu basezinganekwaneni. Ngakho, ukufunda imibhalo yasendulo, ososayensi zanamuhla kabusha lokho wahlala okhokho bethu.

Umlando zamagama Russian

ngokubhala Slavic okungukuthi, umuntu angase athi, umsuka esiyingqayizivele. Umlando abantu bakhona zeminyaka engaba yinkulungwane, igcina eziningi izimfihlo.

• Ezikhathini yobuqaba phakathi kwezizwe Slavic yayikhona imibhalo okukhulunywe izici noma ukusikeka. Namantombazane nemigoqo enziwa kwesihlahla (tags ekhethekile).
• Ngemva ukwamukelwa Vladimir ubuKristu (eqinisweni, lokhu kwenzeka kabili: owokuqala - ne Olga, e 957, kwesibili - ne uVladimir, 988) Russia angisakwazi ngaphandle izincwadi eyayidingeka ekukhulekeleni (hymnals futhi Izimpilo) . Nokho, abefundisi ngesiGreki akazange akhulume ngesiRashiya. Njengoba yokuphisa kuyadingeka ukuthumela zesonto ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko kanye ukuhunyushwa kweBhayibheli nezinye izingosi ongcwele.
• Izinguquko ekukhulekeleni ku lwamaSlav nokutholakala kulindeleke izincwadi, ulimi lwesiSlavic etemibhalo njengoba ukuhunyushwa izincwadi saphezulu ngolimi inhlamba kwansuku ngeke sezishiye wadluliswa ngendlela enembile okuqukethwe.

Kirill mina Mefody

Ngalezi amagama ukudalwa zamagama Ihlobene yombuzo owasungula yokubhala isiRashiya. Ake ubuyele emuva ekhulwini IX. Ngaleso sikhathi (830-906) Omkhulu eMoravia (esifundeni Czech) kwaba kwelinye lamazwe eziyinhloko zaseYurophu. Futhi eByzantium laliyisikhungo ubuKristu. Moravian Prince Rostislav e 863 libiza uMikayeli Okwesithathu, lo mbusi WaseByzantium ngesikhathi, ngesicelo yokubamba le nkonzo kule nolimi lwamaSlav ukuqinisa ithonya lobuKristu baseByzantine esifundeni. Ngalezo zinsuku, kuyafaneleka, ihlelo waya kuphela izilimi ziye ukuboniswa uJesu esiphambanweni, isiHebheru, isiLatini nesiGreki.

umbusi WaseByzantium eziphendula isimemo wamthumelela Rostislav Moravian Umsebenzi yakhiwa ezimbili izindela, bazalwane, madodana ngesiGreki ezihloniphekayo, owayehlala e-saloon (Thessaloniki). Michael (noMethodius) kanye Constantine (Cyril) futhi ezibhekwa Abadali olusemthethweni Slavic zamagama for the service esontweni. Waqamba igama layo ngokuthi behlonipha yeSonto uCyril wathola igama "Cyrillic". UConstantine ngokwakhe kwaba ezingaphansi kuka uMichael, kodwa ngisho umfowabo neyaziwayo ukuhlakanipha kwakhe futhi mkhulu ulwazi. UCyril wayazi ngezilimi eziningi futhi kahle ubuciko ubugagu, begodu bazibandakanya izingxabano zenkolo ngamazwi, kwaba umhleli emangalisayo. Lokhu, ngokusho ososayensi abaningi, wamvumela (kanye nomfowabo nezinye abasizi) ukuxhuma futhi synthesize idatha, ukudala zamagama. Kodwa umlando zamagama Russian wayeseke waphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi Moravian. Nasi isizathu.

Abenyukela zamagama Russian (ABC)

Iqiniso lokuthi mlando baye bathola iqiniso ezithakazelisayo: ngaphambi kokushiya abafowethu baye wadala zamagama Slavic, isetshenziswa kahle ithwale iphimbo lwamaSlav. Lalibizwa ngokuthi Glagolitic (u kabusha ngesisekelo izinhlamvu ngesiGreki oluxube Coptic nezinhlamvu Jewish).

Glagolitic futhi Cyrillic?

Ososayensi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene kakhulu kubo recognize ukuthi owokuqala lwamaSlav zamagama wayesalokhu zamagama Glagolitic, wadala uCyril namanje 863 eByzantium. Wethula ke esikhathini kwetfulwe esifushane. Futhi enye lihlukile sangaphambilini, izinhlamvu zamagama zesiCyrillic yasungulwa eBulgaria, ngemva kwesikhashana. Futhi kuze kube manje, kukhona izingxabano mayelana ubuqambi lokhu, akungabazeki, iyisisekelo kokusungulwa ngoba umlando jikelele Slavic. Ngemva umlando omfushane yokubhala isiRashiya (Cyrillic), imi kanje: ngekhulu leshumi, lihlaba eRussia eBulgaria, futhi kulotshiwe ngokuphelele nenkanuko edlulele senziwa kuphela ekhulwini XIV. Ifomu zanamuhla - kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI.