Umlando Azerbaijan kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube manje

Azerbaijan - ezweni eningizimu-mpumalanga eCaucasus. Izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile futhi ezithakazelisayo ezenzeka kula mazwe. Abaningi kubo, kufanele sitshele indaba. Azerbaijan izovela Ngokombono ongokomlando, ukwembula izimfihlo akwenza esikhathini esidlule.

Indawo Azerbaijan

I-Republic of Azerbaijan itholakala empumalanga South eCaucasus. Kusukela emngceleni enyakatho Azerbaijan has oxhumana ne Russian Federation. Ngo eningizimu imingcele yamazwe Iran kuya entshonalanga - ne-Armenia, e-ntshonalanga - ne Georgia. Kusukela empumalanga yezwe is wageza ngamaza yoLwandle iCaspian.

Izizathu Azerbaijan kakhulu ngokulinganayo emelelwa izintaba namathafa. Leli qiniso esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni zomlando wezwe.

izikhathi bakudala

Okokuqala ufunde mayelana ezikhathini zasendulo impela, lapho kusivumela ukuba bahlolisise indaba. Azerbaijan iye owakhiwe selokhu abantu. Ngakho, lesikhumbuzo of Neanderthal eminingi yasendulo uhlale ezweni kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1.5 million edlule.

Amasayithi ebaluleke kakhulu abantu lasendulo ezitholakala Azikh futhi Tağlar Umgede.

Azerbaijan lasendulo

Isimo sokuqala, esemgwaqweni ensimini ka Azerbaijan kwaba Manna. isikhungo yayo wawusegunjini ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesimanje Iranian Azerbaijan.

Igama elithi "Azerbaijan" evela Atropates igama - umbusi, owaqala ukubusa Manna ngemva kokunqotshwa kwalo yasePheresiya. Ukuze kuhlonishwe kuye izwe lonke wabizwa ngokuthi Midia Atropatena ukuthi kamuva morphed ku igama "Azerbaijan".

Omunye abantu bokuqala abahlala e-Azerbaijan, Albania. Leli qembu yobuhlanga kwakungekaNkulunkulu umndeni Nakh-Dagestani izilimi futhi kwaba lifana yesimanje Lezghins eduze. Ngo mina ayizinkulungwane. BC avele Albania isimo sabo siqu. Ngokungafani imana ke wawusempumalanga enyakatho yezwe. Albania Caucasian Njalo sibhekana izifiso okuzingela lasendulo eRoma, wayiyisa eByzantium, eParte nase-Iran. Esikhathini esithile phezu izindawo ezinkulu ezweni wakwazi ukuqinisa Armenia King Tigran II.

I IV c. n. e. indawo Albania esasisiza kuze kube yileso sikhathi yayibuswa inkolo wendawo namaZoroaster, kwavela ubuKristu kusukela e-Armenia.

Ukunqoba Arab

Ku-VII. n. e. umcimbi iphutha, okuyinto wadlala indima juqu emlandweni esifundeni. Sikhuluma ekunqotshweni Arab. Ekuqaleni, ama-Arabhu bawunqoba umbuso Iranian, okuyindawo Albania kwaba ngaphansi kwesizwe, bese lahlasela Azerbaijan uqobo. Ngemva Arabhu ngilinqobile izwe, wenze round esisha nomlando wayo. manje Azerbaijan isibe phakade kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Islam. Arabhu, kuhlanganise nalabo sompristi waqala ukufeza umgomo esihleliwe Islamization yale ndawo kanti futhi ngokushesha bafinyelele imigomo yabo. amadolobha esiseNingizimu Azerbaijan ikakhulu kwavele Islamization, bese nkolo entsha ukungena emaphandleni nasenyakatho yezwe.

Kodwa akulula njalo phinda nokuphathwa Arab eningizimu-mpumalanga eCaucasus. Unyaka 816 Azerbaijan waqala ukuvukela aqondiswe Arabhu kanye Islam. Kwaholela ngalesi sinyathelo esasithathwe iningi Babak, ngubani banamathela inkolo lasendulo Zoroastrian. Ukusekelwa eyinhloko kwavukelwa babe artisan kanye abalimi. Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, abantu eholwa Babak alwa neziphathimandla Arab. Abavukeli ngisho ephethwe lokuxosha amakhanda Arab ensimini yase-Azerbaijan. Ukuze ayodambisa ukuvukela, sompristi kwadingeka ukuba bahlanganise amabutho azo.

State Shirvanshahs

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kubhikisha olwembiza, sompristi buthaka unyaka ngamunye. Akasenalo kwadingeka amandla, njengasekuqaleni, ukulawula ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene wonke umbuso omkhulu.

Ababusi enyakatho ingxenye Azerbaijan (Shirvan), kusukela eminyakeni 861, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi Shirvanshahs futhi udlulise amandla abo ngokusebenzisa ifa. Ngegama ilawulwe Umbusi, kodwa eqinisweni ababusi ezimele ngokugcwele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho kwencika okuzisholo wanyamalala.

Shirvanshakhs dolobha wayedabuka Shamakhi, Baku bese. Isimo wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu 1538, lapho ezahlanganiswa umPheresiya Safavid isimo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo eningizimu yezwe kwakukhona yanjalo ngokulandelana Sajids isimo, Salaris, Shaddadis, Ravvadids, nayo noma eqaphela hhayi amandla sompristi nhlobo, noma wakwenza ngokusemthethweni kuphela.

Turkization Azerbaijan

Ayikho kangako indaba ngaphandle Islamization yesifunda okubangelwa ukunqoba Arab, kwaba Turkization ngenxa ayehlasela izizwe ezihlukahlukene Turkic ayimizulane. Kodwa, ngokungafani kuya inqubo Islamization welulela emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Gcizelela ukubaluleka kwalesi senzakalo ezicini eziningana agcwele yolimi lwanamuhla Azerbaijan namasiko sabantu yesimanje yezwe has a umsuka Turkic.

Igagasi lokuqala ayehlasela Turkish khona ayehlasela izizwe Seljuk Oguz kusukela Central Asia, eyaqala ngekhulu XI. It ubephelezelwa nomonakalo omkhulu nokubhujiswa bendawo. Abantu abaningi abahlala Azerbaijan ukubaleka, abalekela ezintabeni. Ngakho-ke, kwezifunda zezintaba yezwe babhekana Turkization okungenani. Lapha benkolo ephezulu ubuKristu, futhi abantu Azerbaijan baye buhlanganiswa owayehlala yasezintabeni ngu-Armenia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asele ezindaweni zabo, labantu exutshwe abanqobi Turkic wathatha phezu ngolimi lwabo namasiko, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulondoloza kanye nakumasiko wawoyise. Eyatholakala kulokhu kuhlangana uhlanga waziwa ngokuthi Azeris esikhathini esizayo.

Ngemva kokuwa isimo esisodwa Seljuks endaweni yaseNingizimu Azerbaijan lalibuswa Ildegezidov Lokudabuka Turkish, bese kafushane ashaqe la mazwe Khwarizmshahs.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIII, eCaucasus yabekwa ekubeni amaMongol ahlasele. Azerbaijan kwahlanganiswa isimo Hulaguid Mongol lwamakhosi igxile e-Iran yanamuhla.

Ngemuva kokuwa lwamakhosi e 1355 Hulaguid, Azerbaijan isikhathi esifushane siyingxenye ye isimo Tamerlane, bese iba yingxenye izinkampani zikahulumeni Oguz izizwe Kara Koyunlu futhi Ak Koyunlu. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Ukwakheka yokugcina isizwe Azerbaijani.

Azerbaijan ayingxenye ye-Iran

Ngemuva kokuwa isimo Ak Koyunlu, e-1501, ensimini ka-Iran eningizimu Azerbaijan Kumiswa enamandla Safavid isimo nge isikhungo Tabriz. Kamuva inhlokodolobha wayiswa edolobheni Iranian of Qazvin futhi Isfahan.

isimo Safavid anazo zonke izimfanelo yalo mbuso. Ikakhulukazi umzabalazo nenkani zalwa Safavids kuya entshonalanga ngamandla elikhulayo yoMbuso WaseTurkey, kuhlanganise eCaucasus.

Ngo 1538, i-Safavids wakwazi ukunqoba isimo Shirvanshahs. Ngakho, ungaphansi kwegunya labo kwaba yonke indawo yakwa-Azerbaijan yesimanje. Iran uye walondoloza ukulawula izwe nasesikhathini amakhosi ezilandelayo - Hotak, Afsharid Dynasty futhi Zand. Ngo 1795, Iran Qajar lwamakhosi wabusa imvelaphi Turkic.

Nakuba Azerbaijan isivele ihlukaniswe khanates eziningi ezincane, okwakukhona ilawulwe kuhulumeni Iranian.

Ukunqoba Azerbaijan uMbuso Russian

Umzamo wokuqala ukusungula ukulawula Russian phezu amasimu Azerbaijan benziwa ngaphansi uPetru I. Kodwa ngenkathi ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili kwezikhundla Empire Russian eCaucasus ayizange ngaphumelela kakhulu.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX. Ngokuhamba nezimpi ezimbili Russian NamaPheresiya, okwaqala ngo-1804 kuya ku-1828, uMbuso Russian lase yayilokhu izidlela nje cishe yonke indawo yakwa-Azerbaijan yesimanje.

Kwakungesinye amaphuzu kokuphenduka, ukuthi igcwele umlando. Azerbaijan kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwaba isikhathi eside ezihlobene ne-Russia. Kuyinto ukuhlala zesikhashana Empire Russian kungukuqala umkhiqizo kawoyela e-Azerbaijan ukuthuthukiswa embonini.

Azerbaijan eU.SSR

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, sekube nokuthambekela centrifugal ezindaweni ezahlukene ayengaphansi Empire Russian. Ngo-May 1918, i-ezimele Azerbaijan Democratic Republic yasungulwa. Kodwa isimo abasha wahluleka basinde emzabalazweni nge amaBolshevik, kuhlanganise ngenxa ukuphikisana yangaphakathi. Ngo-1920 uyekwa.

AmaBolshevik yasungulwa Azerbaijan SSR. Ekuqaleni kwakuwumuzi ingxenye Transcaucasian Federation, kodwa ngo-1936 waba ngokugcwele kontanga inhlangano e-USSR. Inhloko-dolobha ye isimo imfundo okwakuseduze layo umuzi Baku. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu neminye imizi Azerbaijan.

Kodwa ngo-1991, kwachitheka iSoviet Union zenzeka. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kwenzeka Azerbaijan SSR abasekho.

Azerbaijan yesimanje

isimo Independent waziwa ngokuthi Republic of Azerbaijan. Umengameli wokuqala Azerbaijan - Ayaz Mutalibov, wangaphambili owayenguNobhala lokuqala Republican iKomiti LamaKhomanisi. Ngemva kwakhe, yanjalo matasa, isikhundla sokuba inhloko zombuso Abulfaz Elchibey futhi Heydar Aliyev. Okwamanje, uMongameli Azerbaijan - indodana lokugcina, Ilham Aliyev. Wacabanga isikhundla ngo-2003.

Inkinga acute kakhulu Azerbaijan yesimanje - kuyinto Karabakh ingxabano, eyaqala ekuseni njengoba ukuphela eSoviet Union. Ngokuhamba a kwegazi phakathi kwamabutho kahulumeni wase-Azerbaijan nabakhileyo Karabakh, ngokusekelwa Armenia, i-engaziwa Republic Artsakh kwamiswa. Azerbaijan ibheka indawo yabo siqu, ngakho ingxabano njalo kuvuselelwe.

Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ngempumelelo ye-Azerbaijan ekwakheni geqe. Uma esikhathini esizayo le ntuthuko ezothuthukiswa, ukuchuma ezweni kuyoba umphumela engokwemvelo imizamo ezivamile uhulumeni nabantu.