Ukuxhumana kwamagama ibinzana. zokuxhumana Izindlela izwi

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa, ikuphi ukuhlobana okukhona kwamagama umusho, yiziphi izinhlobo zikhona, ihluke kanjani nomunye. Le timu sidzinga ukucaciseleka terminological.

Ikakhulukazi, ukuze baqonde ukuthi kukhona izindlela ukuxhumanisa amazwi, kufanele uqale abanquma ukuthi yini igama elithi "inkulumo ethi". Ngemva kwalokho, thina uqhubekela umbuzo, ikuphi ukuhlobana okukhona kwamagama ibinzana. "Isifundo" ukuqhubeka nengxoxo yethu eningiliziwe ukuphathwa, ukubambisana nokuxhumana futhi ligcwaliswe ithiphu encane ongayisebenzisa, hhayi ukuthi usephutheni ngokucaca yabo.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ndaba ebalulekile kakhulu, ngoba ukuhlolwa ikhokhelwa ukunakwa okukhulu yombuzo kuyini uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana. Hlola lokhu zonke izinguqulo kuhlanganisa incazelo izinhlobo zokuxhumana.

Sencazelo "Inkulumo ethi"

Umusho - kufike lapho zihlangana khona amagama amabili noma ngaphezulu, futhi ineluhlelo ahlobene ngomqondo wokuthi ukhonza ukuhlonza ethile eyodwa umqondo dissectively (isinyathelo, ikhwalithi into noma into uqobo, kanye nabanye.).

Kuyinto iyunithi le-syntax ukuthi wenza umsebenzi yekuchumana (ngamanye amagama, kuyingxenye ke) kuphela njengengxenye umusho.

Namuhla-ke ngokuvamile waqaphela ukuthi ngu imishwana ayizakhi amagama athile esekelwe maqondana kwakuwukuthi, okungukuthi, kufanele kube khona izingxenye ezimbili - kwenceku nenkosi yayo ilungu. Abanye abacwaningi isakhiwo ngokolimi futhi zihlanganisa inhlanganisela izingxenye eyohlobo umusho ngendlela iqembu ahlukene - imishwana coordinative, kodwa sizobe unamathele ngezigaba bendabuko, nokungahlanganisiwe kubo ngemva kokucabangela futhi ngoba ukuze athathe indawo ukuba ukuphathwa, ukubambisana kanye contiguity, okungukuthi, izindlela yamagama zokuxhumana, sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo, udinga izingxenye okunenjongo yokukhuluma zazixhunywe okungukuthi ubuhlobo kwakuwukuthi.

homonymy lwetakhi telulwimi

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga, inhlanganisela amagama "kufunde ngokwami." Lapha kukhona umphumela okubizwa ngokuthi ipholisemi omabizwafane lolimi. Lokhu ibinzana ungacela imibuzo emibili: "Funda ngaye?" futhi "Funda ukuthi?". Kulo mBhalo, lapho esinazo emqondweni akuyona ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo, "mina" ukhonza njengomdala isandiso, futhi kuba - izwi ezingaguquki, Ngakho-ke, eseduze main. Esimeni sesibili, lapho inani lingu "njengamanje" ingxenye engaphansi yokukhuluma isetshenziswa ifomu icala, okungukuthi, ilawulwa main, futhi ngakho-ke uzobe nokuphatha.

Asikhumbule ukuthi kwemisho, amagama kungase kuhlobane iyiphi kwakuwukuthi noma isibopho coordinative, kusukela kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo: ukulalela kanye nomsebenzi.

Uyini umsebenzi?

Ukwakheka - Compound ezimele kusukela ezinye izici ngamunye alinganayo, noma olungile. Lokhu kungaba isixhumanisi imisho lelula amalungu eyohlobo (kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile, amakati nezinja), noma izingxenye umusho (noma eziyinkimbinkimbi conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo).

Kuyini ngokuhambisa?

Ukuhanjiswa - isixhumanisi disparate izakhi-syntax (izingxenye umusho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye amazwi ngabanye kuwo).

Ngo ibinzana kukhona uxhumano kuphela okhonzile phakathi izingxenye ezibalulekile yokukhuluma. Ngakho-ke, uma umenywa ukuba uthole embhalweni ukudidiyelwa, ukuphathwa, noma contiguity, ie, kwakwakhe ukuxhumana ongaphansi kungenziwa ngokushesha asuswe umbuthano yethu ekufuneni inhlanganisela nesihloko kanye isilandiso (okungukuthi, ngesisekelo lolimi isiphakamiso), isilandiso kwakwakhe lwamazwi okuzisholo futhi Amazwi okuvula . Kuyinto wokugcina kufanele unake okukhethekile, ngoba zokuxhumana okhonzile e ngandlela-thile kungenzeka sibe nomtitilizo oyisingeniso nemishwana. Izibonelo: "Okuthile kulawo esibhakabhakeni Mhlawumbe umbani.". Lapha, igama elithi "mhlawumbe" - igama ezethula. Kodwa amazwi anjengokuthi "Ngicabanga" futhi "esho" - lesi sipho ezethula futhi inhlanganisela.

Isivumelwano, contiguity nokulawula - lawa main izinhlobo kwakuwukuthi maqondana.

Ukufaniswa: yencazelo

Ukufaniswa - lobu buhlobo kwamagama umusho, lapho injalo sifaniswa nokukhohlakala engaphansi main, ie isetshenziswa okufanayo inombolo, ubulili kanye icala, njengoba lokho ngalo libhekisela - libito noma ezinye tenkhulumo e nencazelo yalo: "Sawubona abalilayo "noma" hhayi "okuthile" hyphenated ". Uma ushintsha izinguquko main futhi izwi nasekuthengeni.

Yimaphi amazwi kungaba umlutha sizongena?

Umbhalo Akunzima ukuthola lihambisana lolu hlobo lwe-Inthanethi, uma khumbula ukuthi njengoba ongaphansi elithi (ie engaphansi) avele njalo nje ushintshe tenkhulumo: isabizwana sebuniyo (izitatimende zakho), isihlobo (lokho kusho), Inkomba ( lokhu zehlazo), ubunikazi (zonke izinhlobo nemiphumela, zonke ezinhle), tabito ezimbi (ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela), engaqinisekile (abanye abangane), tiphawulo (umthwalo ethuneni, untula nenkululeko osindayo), wenhlanganyelo egcwele (bushuyu isiphepho conductive) kanye izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki (lamashumi amabili) nemabito zokusebenza uhambisane, eziphathelene inombolo bese icala ngezwi main (ngaphandle uma Ibizo zingase izinombolo); ozalwa njengoba into efanayo njalo, ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo okuvunyelwane ungathandi ibinzana. Izibonelo: isakhiwo esisha, umama-uthisha.

amazwi substantivized

Of iziphawulo participles ebandakanyeke ubuhlobo obunjalo izingxenye ezibalulekile inkulumo, njengoba ukuvumelana, okumelwe ahlukaniswe kubo njengoba okuthiwa amazwi substantivized, okungukuthi, yemihlatshelo kanye tiphawulo ukuthi kakade seniliwelile zibe esigabeni amabizo: "Kuyathokozisa kweqiniso abampofu, futhi okuhle." Lezi imiqondo emibili ( "okubi" nangokuthi 'engelusizo ") yakha main izwi inhlanganisela, ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa ukulawula ngoba ngemabito kulo mongo. Sikucela umbuzo: "libhekisela kulokho?". Futhi impendulo: ". Futhi abampofu, futhi okuhle"

ezinombolweni ezibalula inani

Ikesi ekhethekile yakhiwa imishwana ezinombolweni ezibalula inani. Ziyakwazi ngokuvamile bakhetha imisebenzi engaphansi amazwi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-umenziwa wesenzo kanye nominative efana zesi zihlale ilungu ukhiye, nezinye izinhlobo - the okhonzile. Ungakwazi qhathanisa imitjho elandelako: "Ngangisebenza iminyaka engamashumi amabili esikoleni," futhi "Ngiyasebenza cishe amahora ayisithupha." Inhlanganisela amagama "cishe amahora ayisithupha," le inani 'nesithupha' ku genitive yizwi nasekuthengeni. Ungacela umbuzo: "Kufika mangaki amahora uyasebenza?". Futhi impendulo: "Kufika eziyisithupha". Kule nkulumo "engamashumi amabili" izwi eyinhloko inani "amabili". Umbuzo ukubuza lokhu okulandelayo: "? Samashumi Amabili lokho". Futhi thina siphendule: "Iminyaka engamashumi amabili." Leli cala - control. IsiRashiya livame ukusetshenziswa ibinzana enjalo.

Ukuphathwa: Definition

Thina kancane kancane ingene kuze kube uhlobo esilandelayo uxhumano izingxenye ezimbili eziphawulekayo yokukhuluma. Ukuphathwa - uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana, ungachazwa ukuthi izwi engaphansi (ibizo noma ezinye tenkhulumo kumsebenzi yayo: izwi substantivized, isabizwana, a inombolo (sibheke kokubili / ukuba ahlale / ke / umngane)) ibekwe ifomu endabeni ethile ( nge isabizwana noma ngaphandle kwalo), okuyinto ngenxa ilungu oyinhloko, incazelo yalo lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ngakho igama kungaba ibizo, isenzo, isiphawulo, isandiso, inombolo cardinal umenziwa wesenzo noma nominative, isimo izwi yokusesha.

Ngamanye amazwi, into esemqoka kusukela engaphansi kudinga ezinye izinhlobo icala.

Qaphela ukuthi kule kakhulu elithi "ukuphathwa" ubeke mfana imishwana Russian yalolu hlobo zinezikhathi kokulawulwa izwi elilodwa nomunye.

ukuphathwa Izici

Nale indlela yokuxhumana amalungu uthembele aphendule imibuzo amacala etshekile, "wakhumbula indaba", "ukuthi kwakufanele let go", "wayedonsa usuku," "kuboniswe komgwaqo" nabanye.

Sicela wazi ukuthi amanye imishwana isiRashiya, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kungenzeka ngabo ukubuza abanye, okungukuthi tandziso, imibuzo (wayekhonza (lapho) no- (lutho) ku mode?) - lokhu ukuphathwa, ngoba amaphuzu bondzaweni e phambi kwabo.

Ngakho, izaba - kuba njalo uphawu le nkulumo - ukuphathwa, kunokuba contiguity.

Junction: Definition

Manje ake sixoxe ngokuthi uhlobo yokugcina yokuxhumana. Junction - kuba uxhumano ezifana kwamagama umusho, lapho kuqondile ngokohlelo lolimi, kodwa hhayi lucebe (ie, ngokwencazelo yaleli) uzwakalise ukwencika amazwi ongaphansi, buviyoviyo oda yabo. Kuphela ezingxenyeni ezingeguquleke yokukhuluma kungenzeka eduze: esingayindawo, isandiso isiphawulo EsiZulwini asinayo (Khaki) namandla isihlobo ke, elula (izingane ezindala), ibizo esebenza njenge isicelo ezingakagunyazwa (isibonelo, ephephandabeni "Moscow News"), tabito sebuniyo zabo, wakhe, sakhe. Unalokhu engqondweni, kulula ukuthola embhalweni uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana "contiguity". Phela, igama elithi ngokwawo esobala: engaphansi uchaza kakhulu, ijoyina kuye.

Izici contiguity

Igama lomcoka inhlanganisela enjalo kungaba isenzo, ibizo, isiphawulo, isandiso, esithi futhi gerund.

Kufanele uyinaka ubuhlobo amagama esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, sebuniyo yayo, alo, abo, ngoba, ngokungafani nokubili izinhlobo izabizwana zoqobo homonymous engashintshi, ngakho-ke yenza kuphela kule ndaba, njengoba contiguity. Ngokwesibonelo: "Kusasa kufanele ziye ukudedela." Lapha "ke" - uhlobo isabizwana soqobo esithi "yena" endabeni genitive, ngakho phambi kwethu kule ndaba, ukuphathwa uxhumano. Futhi omunye umusho - "Amehlo akhe okwesibhakabhaka" - lena isabizwana unesikhwele okuyinto ezingeguquleke, ngakho-ke lihlotshaniswa izwi esemqoka usebenzisa kwalapho.

Ikesi olukhethekile contiguity

Ikesi esikhethekile lolu hlobo zokuxhumana - lena lapho izwi ukhonza njengelungu kwekusebentisa engaphansi: "Ngifuna kwenziwe ukuze ngizigcine nginolwazi oluhle kakhulu ukubukeka komuntu." Kulesi umusho amagama "kudingeka ukuba benze ngokuvumelana" - hhayi i-isilandiso esiyinhlanganisela ngamazwi, ngoba isenzo Kwenziwa abantu ezahlukene (izinhlaka): Ngifuna kwenziwe futhi ukuhambisana uzokwazi / yena / bona, futhi kanjalo, ngakho-ke, omunye umuntu / inhlangano kuleli cala .. Ziyakwazi aphelele, kunokuba yingxenye isilandiso.

Emishweni eziyinkimbinkimbi inkulumo Union - esebenzisa isabizwana esithi, isihlobo "umuntu", "yini", "ngubani", "indlela", "yini", "ngubani" in the izinhlobo amacala etshekile (ingxenye efanayo nokukhulunywa isenzo elula njengoba interrogative), kanye tandziso njengoba, indlela, kungani, kungani, kuphi, nini, lapho, lapho - futhi engaphansi e imishwana nge izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana.

Isinqumo

Ngakho, ekunqumeni ukuthi uhlobo ngemfanelo noma leyo nkulumo ungasebenzisa ngokushesha elandelayo:

sizongena izwi isihluthulelo engaphansi inezidingo ezintathu - inombolo, ubulili kanye icala;

ukuphathwa has imfuneko eyodwa kuphela - kunjalo;

lapho abutting lutho liyadingeka.

Kukusiza kangcono ukukhumbula ulwazi ubuhlobo obunjalo kwamagama etafuleni ibinzana.