Nemingenela we Urals: incazelo

Inkosi yenza i-retinue, futhi imifula emikhulu yizinhlanzi. Bagcwalisa isiteshi esikhulu ngamanzi, bakha echibini layo kanye nogu lolwandle. Inani lazo lingashintsha kusuka kwesinye kuya emashumi amaningana. Wonke ama-tributaries we-Urals angaphansi kwaso ngobude. Phakathi kwabo ngokwawo bahlukaniswe ngakwesobunxele futhi kwesokudla ekuqondeni okwamanje.

Ural

Igama lasendulo lama-Urals yi-Yaik. Ngakho kwathiwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1775, kuze kube ngumyalo walo uMbusi waseRussia uCatherine II wabiza kabusha umfula. Isizathu sokuvukela kukaPugachev, ngemuva kokususwa kwayo, amagama amaningi alowo ndawo ashintshwe ukuze asuse ememori yabantu noma yikuphi okukhulunywe ngaye.

Umfula uhlala endaweni yesithathu eYurophu ubude, phambili kuphela i-Danube ne-Volga. Kuyinto yomthamo wesibili omkhulu wamanzi odla uLwandle lwaseCaspian. Umthombo we-Urals ukhona emthambekeni we-Round Hill (Uraltau Ridge, eBashkortostan) endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-637. Ama-tributary okuqala we-Urals - ngakwesokunxele umfula ongashiwo igama, ngakwesokudla Chagan (enye yekhulu kunazo zonke) ukugeleza okungaphansi kwekhilomitha kusuka emthonjeni. Inombolo yabo yonke ingu-82: 44 - ngakwesokudla, engu-38 - kwesokunxele.

Ubude besiteshi esikhulu ngamakhilomitha angu-2428. ERussia igeleza insimu yokuqala eBashkortostan, khona-ke ehamba ezindaweni zaseChelyabinsk nase-Orenburg. Futhi ekugcineni, i-Ural idlula iningi lomgwaqo waseRussia 1164 km. E-Kazakhstan, ithatha amanzi ayo ezindaweni zase-Atyrau naseNtshonalanga Kazakhstan ngamakhilomitha angu-1 082.

Indawo yomfula ( umfula ngokwawo , i- delta yayo , ama-urals of the Urals, umthombo) ungama-231,000 km ² . I-Upper Ural ifana nomfula ongajulile wezintaba (kufika ku-1.5 m), ububanzi obungamamitha angu-80. Kusuka eVerkhne-Uralsk ithola uhlamvu oluphambene. Khona-ke e-Orsk, ehamba ngendlela edabula ogwini olunamadwala, igcwele amanani. Ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza komfula we-Sakmara kuthoba phansi, ithola isiteshi esikhulu esishayo esinomoya ozolile.

Kwesokudla

Uma ubheka ibalazwe, umfula ubonakala njengomuthi ogobile ngokuqina emagatsheni aphakathi naphakathi. Ubude bezintambo eziningi azikho amakhilomitha angu-20. Ama-tributary alungile oMfula i -Ural, nakuba adlula inani labashiya, aphansi kunani lamanzi. Emifuleni emikhulu kukhona (ubude ku-km):

• I-Guberlya - 111;
• I-Small Dogwood - 113;
• I-Irtek - 134;
• I-Tanalyk - 225;
• Chagan - 264;
• I-Great Cornel - 172;
• I-Sakmara - 798.

I-tributary enkulu kunazo zonke ye-Urals yi-Sakmara. Ngaphezu kokuthi umfula unomkhawulo ohloniphekile, unamakhotho amaningi okulandelana kwesibili. Igeleza cishe ngokufana nesiteshi esikhulu. Inkambo yayo ephezulu ijwayele imifula yezintaba enezintaba eziphakeme, ephakathi naphansi ifana nomfula obanzi, ozolile, ophansi.

Uhlu lwezintambo ezifanele:

Kwesobunxele

Ama-tributary amakhulu kunazo zonke asele (ubude buku-km):

• Zingike -102;
• I-Big Karaganka - 111;
• I-Urta-Burta - 115;
• I-Gumbayka - 202;
• Bolshoy Kumak - 212;
• Isifuba - 174;
• Ory - 332;
• Ilek - 623.

I-qubutary yase-Ural River - i-Ilek - ivela ezintabeni ze-Mutogar (South Kazakhstan). Eduze emfuleni, isigodi esithuthukile sinezifunda ezimbili ezingaphezu kwendawo yokukhukhula, ezicebile ezindaweni eziningi zamachibi. Ingqikithi yesigcawu yi-41300 km ² , izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi ngonyaka lilinganiselwa ku-1500 m ³ , ukugeleza kwamanzi kuphakathi kwamamitha angu-40 m³ / s. I-Ilek iyimifula ejwayelekile ye-steppe namanzi aphezulu asemaphethelweni entwasahlobo. I-tributary enkulu kunazo zonke e-Urals, naphezu kwendawo enkulu yokudoba, ayizibonakali ukuthi iyona enhle kakhulu.

Ama-tributaries angakwesokunxele:

Sebenzisa

I-Urals ayiyona umfula ongasemfuleni. Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwayo yizokuvakasha nokudoba. I-tributaries ye-Urals ayikho ngaphansi kokusakaza okukhulu kobuhle nokutholakala kwezinhlanzi, zifundwa cishe izinhlobo ezingu-30. Eziningi zezisekelo zokuvakasha zakhiwa emabhange.

Efundiswa umfula, amachibi akhangisa abathandi bokuzijabulisa zasendle. Amabhishi amahle anesihlabathi, amanzi aphansi athuthukile kanye nokudoba okuhle kakhulu azokwanelisa noma yiziphi izicelo.

Izitshalo ze-Magnitogorsk kanye ne-Khalilovsky zisebenzisa amanzi ase-Urals emsebenzini wabo. Eduze edolobhaneni lase-Iriklinskaya lakhiwa isiteshi samandla kagesi. Ezolimo kuyasetshenziselwa ukunisela amasimu.