Ikheli Museum (Kaluga) Umlando, namahora okusebenza. Kaluga: izikhangibavakashi

History Museum (Kaluga) has iqoqo ocebile ziphephile, eziningi zazo zihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-17. Inombolo ephelele ayithemu isikhathi eside isidlulile izinto ayizinkulungwane 100. Ngaphansi kwayo umnyuziyamu uye eqoqwe amagatsha eziyishumi futhi isinqumo esenziwa ngo-2016 iyiswe isimo Museum States.

Museum endala lwazi lendawo

History Museum (Kaluga) yasungulwa ngo-1897. Ukuze usibeka endaweni ethile wathatha esinye sezakhiwo endala edolobheni - Indlu, okuyinto kanye ayengowesifazane yomthengisi Korobov (ekhulwini le-17). Lo mbukiso lokuqala lalinabashumayeli amafasitela ezinhlanu, lapho bebehlala khona embukisweni imivubukulo, zemali lasendulo, izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke izikhathi ezadlulayo. Museum ivulelwe kuphela kabili ngesonto, izivakashi eziningi ngoba ngonyaka lalilincane ngempela - abantu abangu-500 kuphela.

Ngu-1904, umlando wendawo Museum (Kaluga) igcinwe izimali izinto mayelana 1,000, ezazihlanganisa izincwadi A. S. Pushkina, N. V Gogolya ipeni 1915 ukuqoqwa kwaba kakade amayunithi 1200.

Ngemva 1918 isikhungo lalenziwa "Museum of History wesifundazwe." Lesi sakhiwo, okuyinto manje iyisonto Lesifunda Museum zika Kaluga, izimali kanye nokuchaza wathutha ngo-1922. Amagatsha lokuqala aye ahlanganiswa namanye ngo-1924, ingxenye esele yabantu abasebenzayo Museum wathutha "ukuze injongo enhle ethi," Art. I last ngo-1925, ehlanganisa neminye iminyango eminingana weza engaphansi kwe Glavnauka.

umthamo wemvula Main ezenzeka esikhathini 30s, lapho i-Museum of yomlando wendawo (Kaluga) baba amasonto uyekwa impahla agcwaliswa futhi izigodi uhulumeni. Ngo-1939, ukuqoqwa lalinabashumayeli izinto 10,000.

Kusukela ngeMpi kuze kube namuhla

Phakathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi Museum amahholo ungazange wasebenza zonke izinyanga ezingu-10 kulo lonke embukisweni wavulwa emphakathini. Phakathi nomsebenzi, izinsuku 78, umnyuziyamu yavalwa. ifa zomlando ayikwazanga kuleyo ndawo futhi ngonyaka (1942-43). I izisebenzi sabizwa sezingeni umonakalo abalwa. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we umphumela wawuthi 10% zaphangwa Museum amaqoqo ezihlobene inkathi classicism wangekhulu le-18.

Ngo-1944 Museum iyiswe isimo yesifunda ngo-1945 imali lalinabashumayeli 7712 izingcezu, zazo amayunithi 2143 avuleka sokufinyelela yomphakathi. Phakathi nale nkathi, abasebenzi eqoqwe isikhungo, amadokhumenti nezinkumbulo ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe owawungumnyaka ngesisekelo semfundo ku 50 - 60s eziningana iminyuziyamu abantu kule ndawo. Ngemva kwalokho, eziyisithupha kuzo zaba amagatsha wangena wendawo nomlando Museum (Kaluga). Namuhla, lesi sikhungo iyakwamukela izivakashi e amagatsha 10.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Manor

History Museum (Kaluga) sekuneminyaka iminyaka engu-100, naso sonke lesi sikhathi, izimali iqoqo avuselelwe zikhathi futhi njengamanje has ziphephile eyingqayizivele ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Ngo-1982, izakhiwo Manor ubudala, okuyinto Museum kanye iqoqo amagugu atholwe umsindo owodwa, sibonga umbono yokuxuba kubo, eyenziwa Leningrad abaculi kanye nososayensi.

Lo mbukiso enhle kakhulu womhlangano i eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo, elakhiwa ngo-1808, lapho Museum Umlando (Kaluga) manje. Umlando yendlu main ekutshela ukuthi uma lalibizwa esigodlweni, kanti yena ungumuntu wabantu Manor acebe kakhulu edolobheni. I lalolu hlangothi olungaphambili lihlotshiswe imifanekiso eliphezulu umlando nendumezulu ngesiGreki, entry grand lihlotshiswe amakholomu kanye lwaleli tracery zensimbi kocingo, kuhambisana amasango okukhulu. Ngo engxenyeni engaphakathi egcekeni iyona phambi iphiko, indawo abaqeqeshi, evala isikhala embozwe igalari, setha etsheni ithala ezimhlophe, ehlotshiswe amakholomu Tuscan.

Incazelo embukisweni Museum

I Interiors lwesigodlo lalidume kulo Kaluga, ukusebenza esahlulelweni wawuqondiswa wezakhiwo Italian S. Campioni. Esitezi sokuqala, lapho ngaphambili kwaku izakhiwo izinjongo zezomnotho, manje embukisweni umnyango izinto bemvelo.

Esitezi sesibili, emahholo nanye, bendlale phezu i nokuchaza esizinikezele umlando esifundeni. Zezitsha zokuqala zigcwele imivubukulo ebonakalisa ezingeni lelisetulu ukuthuthukiswa abantu basendulo babengazi. Lokhu okulandelayo izinto zasekhaya, imigexo, izingubo zokulingisa yomthengisi Rusich. Inkathi uPetru mina lisho ukubukeka ukukhiqizwa lokuqala ezimbonini. Ngo amahholo Museum embukisweni nemini, eyanikelwa Umbusikazi uCatherine II yokudumisa yokubusa e Kaluga.

A semali izinto eziqoqiwe emahholo anikezelwe Impi Ye-1812 kanye neMpi Yezwe II. Ngaphezu izenzakalo zomlando, iqoqo liqukethe amagugu amasiko we nezincwadi zakudala kwekhulu le-19, wavakashela Kaluga, lapha iqukethe ziphephile kwakungekaNkulunkulu N. V Gogolyu, F. M. Dostoevskomu, A. P. Chehovu, nabanye abalobi.

amagatsha

Regional Museum e legatsha Kaluga ukumema vakashela:

• ukuphakama Nameless. Esichasiselweni lunikezelwe ukukhululwa kuka Kuibyshev wesifunda ngesikhathi iMpi Enkulu Patriotic, lapho iqembu lamadoda esinabantu 18, sakwazi ukuthwebula ukuphakama abalulekile 224,1. Igama Museum wanika ingoma V E. Basnera "ezindaweni eziphakemeyo nameless", elalinikezelwe ubuqhawe lamasosha-Siberians.
• Borovsk. Igatsha itholakala emzini Borovsk lasendulo futhi ibonisa nomlando wayo. Izingxenye Museum abazinikele umthengisi, i amasiko Old Engakholwa, imininingwane indaba zezindela ezimbili - Pokrovsky futhi Pafnutev- Borowski. Isihloko embukisweni iqukethe izingxenye zencwadi eqoshiwe yasendulo futhi yokwakha ingxenye kukaJesu Cathedral kanye zezindela, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba, izitini ngezandla ngekhulu le-16. Iqoqo elikhulu izithombe archival isitshela indaba ekumbeni ethuneni boyar tvoix rukax. Yethula izinto zokuphila kwansuku zonke abathengisi kanye nemindeni wobunxiwankulu.
• Zaitseva Gora. Esichasiselweni lunikezelwe wonke umlando omude wesizwe elwa ibutho laseSoviet ngokumelene abahlaseli German ngokuba Warsaw onguthelawayeka kanye amasu eziphakeme zilahlwe ukumelana isiJalimane, omunye okwakukhona "Zaitseva Gora".
• emingceleni Ilyinsky. Memorial ozinikele kuya ubuqhawe Ilyinskikh abafundi ezikoleni lempi. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-12, baba wahlehlisa abahlaseli kuhlaselwa eMoscow.
• Kozelsk. Lo mbukiso ikhombisa umlando elinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu Kaluga esifundeni, umlando wayo kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-12. Museum itholakala ku-inxuluma Tsyplakovovyh abathengisi ubudala. Ngo amahholo imivubukulo, umlando lezinto lasendulo. ezimbili embukisweni thematic "indunduma kaDeveli" futhi wethule (9-10 yobudala) kanye "Vyatichesky omngcwabo eyinkimbinkimbi 12-13 leminyaka." A endaweni emaphakathi ithatha impi ngendwangu abazinikezele Kozelsk impi.
• Mosalsk. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe esizinikezele umlando edolobheni, okuxoxwe ngazo izigaba onqenqemeni nemvelo, umlando, ethnography nemicimbi eminyakeni. isithakazelo Omkhulu phakathi izivakashi kuyinto kabusha eqhugwaneni ongumlimi e pre-wamavukelambuso Russia.
• Manor Park "Nelineni Factory". Isethi eyodwa ahlanganisiwe izigodi ezimbili okuqondene Goncharov futhi Shchepochkina. Isici ifa kuyinto indawo yayo endaweni izimboni lelineni ephepheni. Kukhona Museum-estate Goncharov, ibandla lika-isimo, epaki izakhiwo hothouse, ezitebeleni kanye nezinye izingosi mlando yezakhiwo.
• Museum Tarussky. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala edolobheni kungokwalabo zemihla Tarussa 1246. Ngo amahholo Museum idolobha inikeza ziphephile ethnographic, nokuchaza tetemibhalo, ingxenye ehlukile ukuma elalinikezelwe ukuphila nomsebenzi yomlobi K. G. Paustovskogo.
• Tarussky Museum Tsvetaevs. Ngo amahholo esichasiselweni ngokuphila, isebenza khona imbongi Marina Tsvetaeva.

Uhambo

Ngo-2016 i-Museum yayiswa isimo esisha futhi manje ngokuthi "Kaluga Museum-Reserve." Okwamanje, zikhona izinqubo kabusha kwangaphakathi futhi balungiselela izinhlelo ezintsha. Kodwa umsebenzi wendawo nomlando Museum ungeke uphazamiseke, nezivakashi Umenyiwe ukuvakasha:

• Umlando Kaluga esifundeni. nezikhathi Substantively wahlola futhi ibhalwe zentuthuko yezomnotho esifundeni kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ukunaka kakhulu Sizokwenza isakhiwo komuzi, sokuthuthukisa amasiko, izincwadi, ubuciko.
• Ubunjalo Kaluga esifundeni. Ukuchayeka kule misebe zihlub Geological, ezindawo onqenqemeni ethulwa wezinsalela zamandulo Lifeforms nezakudala kutholakele phakathi kumbiwa noma ukwakhiwa umsebenzi ensimini. Iningi mbukiso izimila nezilwane kwendawo amelwe ziphephile kusukela enkathini lasendulo kuze kube manje.
• izilwane zakwamanye amazwe. Uhambo wethula izivakashi ngabameli nezilwane ezivela emhlabeni wonke (eNingizimu Melika, e-Asia, e-Afrika, njll), A lot of ziphephile ukukhombisa yokuphila kwezwe kwamanzi, emelelwe nezilwane ezihlukahlukene eRussia emaphakathi.
• Ngaphansi banner namaSoviet. Trip izingxoxo mayelana nokusungulwa kwamandla Soviet, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo kuze 1941, ubheka ukudalelwa kwabantu, njengoba kuveza isikhathi nesikhathi kulwiwa, ukunyakaza Stakhanovite, ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Sikhungo sesevisi, ehlinzekwa enikelwe ukuvakasha thematic kuthiwa ukusungulwa ekilasini Interiors, efulethini ngokuhlanganyela.
• Kaluga Region ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Uhambo thematic kuthiwa owaqhutshwa kuleli hholo elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-65th of Victory empini. Ziphephile ethulwa ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo, wembula inkambo imicimbi, ke luqhuba amagama izakhamuzi - babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo empini futhi abasebenzi labaqaphi elingemuva. Indawo emaphakathi kunikezwa diorama "Ukukhululwa Kaluga".

Esikhathini Museum iqoqo ocebile ababebuthene enikeza ezihlukahlukene izikhathi izinkambo. Ngakho, inzalo kubangelwa izindaba mayelana Decembrists, umlando zobumba futhi izindengezi, izenzakalo Impi Ye-1812, nokunye okuningi.

ulwazi oluwusizo

I friendly wamukelekile izivakashi Kaluga Regional Museum (Imodi wokusebenza - 9:30 - 17:30, imali kuphela at amathikithi iholide 17:00). Mode wokusebenza ngoMgqibelo: 11:00 - 19:00. Usuku lonke uMsombuluko. Ticket izintengo ukuqala ruble 100.

izindleko encishisiwe anikezwa abafundi, abahola impesheni kanye nabafundi. Ukufinyelela mahhala itholakala kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ngoSuku iminyuziyamu, kanye nezigaba ezithile izakhamuzi njalo, ungaya National History Museum (Kaluga). Ikheli: Pushkin street, ukwakha 4.

ezikhangayo Kaluga

izenzakalo zomlando, izikhumbuzo, izikhungo eziningi kwamasiko ungajabulisa edolobheni izivakashi zika Kaluga. Izikhangibavakashi e isibalo esingangaleso esingalotshwa ukubahlangabeza akukwazi ngosuku olulodwa. Phezulu izindawo eziyishumi yisakhiwo sodumo ngokuqinisekile kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa zihlanganisa:

• St George Cathedral elakhiwa ngo 1701.
• Ethempelini isimo kwekhulu le-17, ikhona indawo le nqaba.
• Optina (70 km kusuka Kaluga). Ngokokulandisa, yesigodlo yasungulwa yi-eziphendukayo isigebengu Optoy ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Isakhiwo ine isiphethu okuyisimangaliso, yesibili entwasahlobo engcwele esisogwini lomfula Zhizdra.
• State Museum of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky. It has embukisweni ngobukhulu yaseRussia enikelwe ukuhlola umkhathi. Isikhwama ophethe izinto mayelana 600,000 lokufinyelela - amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 400.
• Chamber Korobov bathengisi. Kuyinto isikhumbuzo yezakhiwo bokwakha lasendulo Russian kwekhulu le-17.
• Stone ibhuloho ngokuxhumanisa Berezuevskogo onqenqemeni lwalowomgodi. I viaduct lakhiwa 1785 futhi isakhiwo uhlobo lwaso lwamatshe ngobukhulu yaseRussia. Ubude elingamamitha 160 futhi ububanzi amamitha 20. Phakathi ingxenye - amazinga ezimbili nemengamo.
• Ihhotela eGcekeni Old Ukuhweba Square. Lesi sakhiwo kanye endaweni zingezikaJehova ngekhulu le-18, i-labakhi iqalwa abathengisi kusayithi lwalowomgodi ubudala. Ukubuyiselwa kwenziwe 2015.
• Pearl Kaluga - Finca Zolotarev, lapho umlando wendawo Museum itholakala.
• Craft Museum of Architecture Nokuphila. It has an embukisweni olubanzi umlando bendabuko Folk yezandla, ezinkulu amathoyizi ukuvezwa nobumba. Ezinye ziphephile esukela emuva le emakhulwini eminyaka 17-18th.
• Nikola-nevilaphayo, emzaneni kwepaki obalulekile esizweni "Ugra", lapho ngonyaka art emkhosini "Archstoyanie". Ensimini ka abaculi kanye abaklami wadala into ebaziwe esiyingqayizivele esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo, okuyinto chithi saka esiqiwini.

Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele yini zibabaza izivakashi emzini Kaluga. Izimpawu zokubekisa zase emzini futhi emkhakheni. Abahlukile Shamordino Sezindela itholakala eduze nedolobhana Shamordino. Central iKazan Cathedral lihlotshiswe 15 domes, ikhambi jikelele libhekisela elidala isitayela isiRashiya, eyinkimbinkimbi ibonisa isiko yeqhawe. Yima kokuhlolisisa Manor Vorobyov, isikhumbuzo kuya sysadmin, amakhosi House, nokuningi.