Uba kanjani igazi? Yini okudingeka abe igazi? Abangakwazi ukunikela ngegazi?

On ukuthi ukuba igazi eziyingozi mpikiswano engapheli sekuqhubeke iminyaka eminingi. Yingakho kule athikili sizobe ukwethula impendulo olunzulu kulo mbuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda mayelana nendlela abe igazi, yini edingekayo kulaba bantu futhi kungakanani kungase malini.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Igama elithi "umnikelo" lisuselwa Latin «donare», okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ukunikeza". Futhi, ngempela, kuba yokuzithandela blood donation ngoba igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eside enjalo kuhlanganisa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile, okuyinto elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha kanye nenhlangano ye impahla workpiece. Igazi ethathwe donor isetshenziswa ngezinjongo zokufundisa nocwaningo, ngesikhathi enza bemishini yezokwelapha nezidakamizwa, njll

Uba kanjani igazi?

Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho ncamashi kubangela kungaphazamisa sokuzithandela ukunikela. Phela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinto bamenyiwe ukuthola izinto nokuqoqwa kwegazi ngokuphelele wonke umuntu, hhayi wonke umuntu ongenza lo msebenzi.

Ngakho, abangakwazi ukunikela ngegazi? Esinye sezizathu ezingaba ikhandidethi kungenziwa sinqatshiwe, kuhloswe hhayi kuphela ukuvikela impilo umamukeli, kodwa futhi we abanikelayo. Yingakho ukuvinjelwa ezinjalo okufanele zithathwe ngendlela efanele.

Ngegazi Kuzwelonke: Izimo

Izimo Jikelele blood donation kukhona ukwahluka elandelayo:

• ukugula ngengqondo;
• myopia (ngaphezu kuka-6 diopters);
• hypotension (umfutho ophansi wegazi);
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (high blood pressure);
• akhishwa (izinsuku 9-15 ngaphambi inqubo);
• imigomo eyenziwe izinsuku ayi-10-30 ngaphambi inqubo (kuncike zinhlobo, kubalulekile ukucacisa maphakathi umnikelo).

Ubani ongafaka kungabi igazi, ngaphezu izigaba ezingaphezulu? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphezu Izimo jikelele, kukhona ethize. Njengomthetho, bona angabekwa abameleli ubulili buthaka. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane namantombazane akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukunikela ngegazi:

• Phakathi naso sonke sokukhulelwa. Naka ngokukhethekile ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuyinto contraindication ecacile neqondile for blood donation. Yingakho kumelwe niqaphelisise.
• Phakathi nenyanga, kanye ngemva kwezinsuku 5.
• Phakathi ibele.
• Ngemva konyaka owodwa ekhulelwa noma ebeletha.
• Phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuphela lactation.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye contraindication inqubo. On kubo kuzoxoxwa ngawo kulesi sigaba esilandelayo.

Ngubani okungafanele ukunikela?

Ukuze blood donation kunoma isiphi isimo kufanele angeke kubekezelelwe abantu abangenandaba lezi zifo ezilandelayo nesipiliyoni sokugembula kuye:

• HIV futhi wasola ngesikhathi;
• ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye esolwa ke ngesikhathi;
• iziyaluyalu sina igazi;
• ukungabi nasimilo;
• ubungqingili;
• ukusetshenziswa emthanjeni izidakamizwa (ngaphandle kwezimo esibhedlela);
• yizidakamizwa nokuluthwa utshwala.

Izimo Kwethulwa kukhona unomphela. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona kukhishwa kwesikhashane. Lezi zizathu zihlanganisa:

• nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa esikhathini (mayelana 12 izinyanga);
• ngemva izifo ezincane (SARS, Orz) - 1 inyanga;
• ngemva kokufaka analgesics - mayelana 2 amaviki;
• emva isicelo of imithi engama-antibiotic - mayelana 2 amaviki;
• ngemva kokubhala noma ukubhoboza umzimba Ukubhoboza - mayelana 6-12 izinyanga (kuye ngokuthi izimo ezithile Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi Centre).

ukhetho ezingase zivele

Ubani ongaba igazi? Kule ngxenye, izinto mancane kakhulu. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi abantu abakhethiwe kuphela bangaba kubanikeli.

Ngakho, uma ufuna ukuba abe ivolontiya futhi banikele ngegazi, kufanele:

• Have isisindo okwanele (kg ezingaphezu kwezingu-50). Kulokhu, into esemqoka ukuthi akazange aphonse mncane yakho ngokweqile esweni.
• nokuzwakala Excellent futhi ube nempilo.
• Yiba umuntu omdala. Kodwa kaningi ngaphezu akuvumelekile ukunikela abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60.
• Carry enabo sekhadi (kamazisi yasebusosheni, iphasipoti, njll).
• Have esinikezwe imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi wendawo (leli phuzu idinga akubona bonke blood donation izikhungo).

Bengekho nalabo abangasisiza abe igazi, ukuya isinyathelo esilandelayo, noma kunalokho, ukuze incazelo inqubo ngokwalo.

izinqubo kwangaphambilini

Uba kanjani igazi? Uma uyisisebenzi sokuzithandela esisanda unqume nginikeze kwento maphakathi umnikelo, uyakuphumela ngokusebenzisa izinqubo eziningana.

Ngakho, yini okudingeka abe igazi?

• Gcwalisa ifomu. Fika isikhungo umnikelo, sicela uthintane phambi edeskini, lapho udinga ukunikeza lwemibuzo equkethe imibuzo elula kakhulu kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Ayevame ukubhekana ukugula, ukungabi nasimilo, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa eziyingozi, kanye namanye ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Gcwalisa leli fomu liyadingeka ngokwethembeka futhi angagwegwesi. Phela, kukhona umthetho Russian Federation "Donation legazi izakhi zalo eziyinhloko," othi isakhamuzi, kusonta Imininingwane ngesimo sempilo yabo kanye ngamabomu wafihla amabhere umthwalo wakhe ngokugcwele esungulwe umthetho, uma lezi zenzo ziye zabangela (noma angabangela ) disorder abalulekile impilo owamukelayo. By the way, kwezinye izifundazwe idatha zamanga setha isibopho sezomthetho ngisho lobugebengu. Ngakho-ke kufanele kube nokwenzeka ukuba sikuthathe njengokungathi sína le nqubo. Phela, ngisho noshintsho ezincane kungabangela eziyingozi kumuntu ohlela bani ukuba athulule igazi lakho.
• Ahlolwe wezokwelapha. Ngaphambi kudlule ukuhlolwa, engimamukele ikhandidethi ngempela ukuthatha inani elincane igazi umunwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze sithole RH kanye uhlobo lwegazi, kanye Bheka ukuthi ncamashi lisezingeni elinjani-hemoglobin abanikelayo. Ngemva kwalokhu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ufika owelapha, futhi okuyinto okumele ivakashelwe izisebenzi zokuzithandela. Ngesikhathi udokotela wena ozhidaeyut kwenhliziyo nesilinganiso nokucindezelwa, kanye imibuzo embalwa mayelana lemibuzo igcwaliswe. Okulandelayo, ikhandidethi umenyiwe ukuze asayine inkontilaka, okusikisela ukuthi wayeqonda yonke imibuzo ngendlela efanele wabaphendula, futhi ngivumelana ngokugcwele yokuzithandela blood donation futhi ukumpontshelwa umamukeli kwalo okwalandela.

Uma zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ngempumelelo, lokuthi ithunyelwa ikamelo ekhethekile, lapho eziningi imisebenzi igazi izibonelo zalokho.

Ukuqoqa igazi kungenzeki?

Kuye maphakathi ngimpontshelwe igazi, lokuthi banganikeza umaluju yayo ngesikhathi kuhlezi, elala phansi noma behlezi isikhundla. Uma imfundamakhwela ke, cishe, uzocelwa ukuba alale embhedeni. Kuyinto kulesi sikhundla, umuntu mancane amathuba ukuzwa imfiva nesiyezi ezinzima. Ngemva kwalokho abasebenzi isikhungo occluded donor ingalo phezulu endololwaneni, bese decontaminated esebenzisa ethize ingxenye uboya nge utshwala nenaliti wokubhoboza ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizuzu 5-12, igazi eqoqwe esikhwameni ngepulasitiki ka mayelana 450 ml ivolumu. Ekupheleni irabha tube abethela, futhi inaliti esuswa emthanjeni. abasebenzi Eminye likhanyelwe igazi izinsalela kusukela uhlelo ibe tube test (cishe 20 ml) ye ukuhlaziya olunye. Ngemva kwalokho, vein ivaliwe ne ukotini kanye utshwala ngempela Friend ngebhandeshi ibhandishi. Lokhu ngebhandeshi akukhuthazwa ukuthatha amahora 2-4.

Indlela sokulungiselela blood donation?

Manje wazi kanjani ukuthi ube donor igazi. Kodwa ngaphambi inqubo enjalo, ochwepheshe batusa le mithetho elandelayo:

• musa ukuphuza utshwala izinsuku 2 ngaphambi umnikelo;
• Ungabhemi amahora 2 ngaphambi kokunikeza igazi;
• Ungathathi aspirin, analgesics, nezinye izidakamizwa ezinamandla izinsuku 3-5 ngaphambi blood donation.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi adle ibhulakufesi ngosuku blood donation, kanye 5-10 imizuzu lubhoboze umthambo ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi noma izithelo compote.

Yini uvunyelwe ukuba ukudlele phambi blood donation?

donor ingasetshenziswa izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kosuku:

• iyiphi izithelo, imifino;
• izithelo neziphuzo, ujusi, ujusi, lamanzi esiphethu ngaphandle gas, itiye elimnandi;
• ujamu, ujamu,
• isinkwa, amabhisikidi, ama-cookies;
• okusanhlamvu abilisiwe uzilungiselele emanzini ngaphandle kwalokho fat, amangqanga, nobisi;
• abilisiwe noma isisi izinhlanzi.

Yini hhayi ukudla phambi blood donation?

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba ukuvakashela isikhungo donor asivunyelwe ukusebenzisa ethosiwe, okunosawoti, okubabayo, ngibhema amaqanda, yonke imikhiqizo yobisi namantongomane.

Blood donation: elimazayo noma usizo?

• Ngenxa yalesi inqubo, umuntu angakwazi njalo futhi mahhala ukuba zihlolelwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ugcunsula, isifo sokusha kwesibindi, amazinga e-hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation izinga, emangqamuzaneni egazi amhlophe nokunye.
• Donation izitimela umzimba futhi silungiselela ke isimo esinzima ekuphileni (ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlukumezeka, ukulahlekelwa igazi, njll ..).
• Ukuncishiswa (30%) ezinamathuba kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ngemva isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ukuba bonke abathekelisa ngegazi sisebenze ngekhono elingcono, okuyinto esenza sibe nempilo engcono.
• Igazi ukulahlekelwa kuthuthukisa umzimba namabutho yokugqugquzela wonke umzimba.

izindleko

Uba kanjani igazi eMoscow imali? Ukuze wenze lokhu, hamba kunoma isikhungo umnikelo. Kwakulapho elikhonza ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa, uma ufuna ukunikela ngegazi mahhala noma ukhokhelwe yona.

Uma donor ukhetha inqubo mahhala, ezinye amaphuzu ekhishwe izabelo ngokudla. Uma isisebenzi sokuzithandela unqume kuzongisiza lokhu, kuye maphakathi ngayingcwelisa edonsa izinto ezithile, emva inqubo, angabenza ruble Russian 500 ukuze 3,000. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uma njalo unikele ngegazi mahhala iminyaka eminingi ilandelana, bese ekugcineni ungathola ukunikela ngezitho zokuhlonipha nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi izinzuzo.