Solder for zethusi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, aluminium, zethusi, insimbi kanye insimbi engagqwali. Solder Ukwakheka ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Izinhlobo solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu

Lapho ngokuphepha ukubophela ndawonye compounds ahlukahlukene okuqinile, avame oyikhethile yaleli brazing. Le nqubo ezivamile ezindaweni eziningi umkhakha. Kufanele solder futhi handyman.

Lo msebenzi Asigcini lapho TV okuyiphutha noma ikhompyutha, kanye nokuvulwa ukushintshwa chip wokushiswa noma chip. Nge le nqubo kuyehla ifriji, izinhlelo zezimboni. Pike sisiza uma kunesidingo ukuthola uphawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto nje asikwazi ukuxhunywa ngendlela ehlukile. Aluminium, ithusi, nethusi ayikwazi ukuxhuma nge Welding. Ukuze uthole izinga nokunokwethenjelwa, kanye kophawu, kubalulekile ukuba babe imishini hhayi kuphela ezinhle namakhono akhethekile, kodwa futhi efanelekayo okudlekayo - solders futhi fluxes ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu.

Alloys, solders nezinhlobo ecucuza kuthiwa akhethiwe kuye izinto, okuyinto kuyodingeka isebenze. Ngokwesibonelo, sikhambisana imikhiqizo aluminium kudinga ecucuza ezahlukene ngaphandle ukuthi ithusi noma isiliva. Ngezansi sichaza izici eziyinhloko ngamunye wabo bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho kangcono kakhulu umsebenzi.

Solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu: izici eziyisisekelo

Njengoba kusetshenziswa ezahlukene metal Alloys. Kukhona futhi izingoma esekelwe metal okumsulwa. Ukuze usebenzisa solder leyo Dala uxhumano eliphezulu, lezi zinto kufanele ingafani izici ezithile.

wettability

Okokuqala, yiluphi uhlobo solder kufanele abe wettability kakhulu. Ngaphandle lesi sici izingxenye soldered abanakukwazi thembeke ukuxhumana nabanye. Kuyini wettability? Lona ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi lapho amandla isibopho phakathi izinhlayiya okuqinile kanye ketshezi ingaphezu kwe-molecule ketshezi. Uma kukhona ogelezayo nokumanzisa, kuyilapho ketshezi bayosabalala ebusweni bese ingena zonke izimbobo emazinyweni. Ngakho, uma solder ukuze solder kungaqali ezimanzi, isibonelo, sethusi, khona-ke ngeke likwazi ukusebenziseka kwi nale metal. Ukuze nokunamathisela ngomthofu phambili yalo alisetshenziswa ifomu okumsulwa. ogelezayo nokumanzisa libe nezici liphansi kakhulu futhi awukwazi ukubala izinga okusezingeni yoxhumano.

ukuma

Kungakhathaliseki isimo solder, izinga lokushisa lapho iqala igcwale amanzi, kufanele babe ngaphansi ukuncibilika soldered izinto. Kufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-okushisa ezisebenza izingxenye.

Ekhuluma lokushisa ukuncibilika ehloselwe amaphuzu amabili. Loku ngiko lapho encibilika izingxenye fusible izocubungula futhi ubuncane, lapho ingxubevange iba uketshezi. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi okushisa ezimbili ubizwa ngokuthi isikhawu crystallization. Uma endaweni nokunamathisela ngomthofu luphakathi lo mehluko, ukuthi imithwalo ngisho encane mechanical ku workpiece kungaba ngokuphelele ababhubhise isakhiwo solder. Kule ndaba itawugujwa brittleness okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ukumelana. Khumbula into esemqoka: musa nganoma iyiphi indlela kuthinte uxhumano njengoba nje solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu akuyona esitheni ngokugcwele.

izakhiwo ezibalulekile solders

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo uhlobo ingxubevange, lingasetshenziswa kanye noma iziphi izinto, akufanele ke iqukethe noma yikuphi izinsimbi ezisindayo noma ezinye ezinobuthi ngenhla kuyinsakavukela aqine. Ukwakheka impahla solder sifana imininingwane esiphezulu. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola ukuxhumana okuthembekile. brittleness ngokweqile kuzokwenzeka.

Noma yimuphi solder, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo nenjongo, kufanele zizinze thermally. Futhi, solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu kumele babe elektrostabilnostyu. Kufanele acabangele okuza sokwanda ezishisayo kanye conductivity ezishisayo. Akumelwe kuhluke kakhulu kusukela amagugu ukuthi zisetshenziswa imikhiqizo solder.

Izinhlobo solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu

Zonke Alloys ekhona kulo msebenzi uhlukaniswe esithambile noma fusible, lapho izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika kuyinto afinyelela ku-degree 450 Celsius futhi eliqinile. Lapha, kuba kakhulu ephakeme kwenani ngenhla.

solders ezithambile

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi kubhekwa kabanzi ukuba ithini-lead Alloys ngokuqukethwe ezahlukene yezingxenye. Ukuze sinikeze kudingekile impahla izici solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu kungaba ukungezwa ezihlukahlukene izithako ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-bismuth ne-cadmium asetshenziswa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika. Ukungeza antimony kwandisa amandla ngokuhlanganyela brazed.

Alloys lomthofu nensimbi abe ongaphakeme ukuma namandla ongaphakeme. Akufanele isetshenziselwe izingxenye, ekusebenzeni okubandakanya umthwalo sina. Futhi, lezi solders kawavunyelwa uma okushisa ezisebenza izingxenye kuyoba ngaphezu 100 ° C. Uma kufanele solder izingxenye zithwesiwe solders elithambile, kufanele azame ukwandisa endaweni ukuxhumana phakathi imikhiqizo ezimbili.

Phakathi kwezinto ezithambile ethandwa kakhulu bungabonakala pic-18 pic-30 pic-40 pic-61 pic-90. Izibalo banikwa ngesizathu esithile. Lawa ngamaphesenti tin kule ingxubevange. Esikhathini umkhakha it is more evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-electronics, ukwenza insimbi. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, bona ungaxhuma ezihlukahlukene izingxenye: wesifunda namathelevishini, microwave Ohhavini, kettles kukagesi nezinye zikagesi ezincane.

Ukuqokwa solders

Pos-90 yakhelwe ukusebenza nge imininingwane, okuyinto izobe yizitho ubuchwepheshe kukagesi. Pos-61 ingasetshenziswa ukukhanda of imishini ukucacisa. Futhi, ingxubevange ilungele yokuxhuma izingcezu umthwalo eliphezulu tintfo letitinhlobonhlobo. Pos-61 sazibonakalisa kahle njengoba solder for zethusi nokunamathisela ngomthofu lethusi. Solder kufanelekile uma kubalulekile ukuba sifinyelele compounds esitalini okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity kagesi.

Pos-40 sisetshenziswa kabanzi imisebenzi ngemininingwane kokunganaki kahle futhi enganembile. Kule ndawo ezisebenza kungenziwa ukufuthelana okushisa aphakeme. PIC-30 efanelekayo zethusi nokunamathisela ngomthofu noma ithusi, insimbi yensimbi Alloys.

okuqinile

Phakathi Alloys refractory kukhona esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu ithusi noma isiliva Alloys.

Iqembu lokuqala ingase ihlanganise solder, ithusi ne-zinc. Ziyakwazi awunankinga yokwenze lezi zakhi azokuthintwa ngumuntu umthwalo static. I fragility yalezi Alloys ayikuvumeli ebasebenzisa ISIZINDA bayothola iziteleka noma iyiphi vibration.

Ngu solders zethusi noma izingoma zinc-based zihlanganisa PMC-36 futhi PMC-54. Okokuqala - lena ephelele zethusi solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu noma yimuphi omunye compounds zethusi. Eyesibili ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku-izingxenye zethusi, ithusi noma steel.

Uma ufuna ukuxhuma ndawonye izingxenye ezimbili steel ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ithusi okumsulwa, nethusi amamaki L-62, L-62, L-68. Lezi solders zisekelwe zethusi ungakha compounds namandla futhi plastic. Alloys yethusi anezici ezifana.

Kubhekwe enkulu kunayo yonke Alloys izinga esiliva. Ukwakheka ingase futhi aqukethe zinc nethusi. AKP-70 - Solder for zethusi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, ukusetshenziswa ngethusi noma isiliva izingxenye. Le nto kufanelekile uma isayithi uxhumano kumele yenze ugesi. SDP-65 esetshenziswa ekwakheni ubucwebe, nokufakwa, amapayipi amanzi. AKP-45 iyadingeka ukuze ehlanganisa izingxenye, okuyinto ezisebenza ngaphansi vibration futhi ukushaqeka imithwalo.

nezinye izinhlobo

Zikhona nezinye solders ezingadumile kakhulu. Bavame asetshenziselwa izinsimbi ezingavamile noma abasebenza ezimweni ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa nickel-base senzelwe imikhiqizo ezisebenza izimo okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa. Futhi solder Alloys ukugqwala ukumelana. Solders, esekelwe igolide elasetshenziselwa umsebenzi nge cleaner amashubhu. Kukhona solders ezifanele kanye magnesium.

ukukhululwa Ifomu

Izinto kanye nokusungulwa ngoba brazing ayatholakala ezihlukahlukene amafomu. Ngakho, kungase kube wire, ucwecwe mncane, amaphilisi, powder. Futhi iyatholakala njenge unama solder noma granules. Kwifomu kulele, njengoba solder izotholakala endaweni umsebenzi.

aluminium brazing Izici

Compound brazing aluminium izingxenye esetshenziswa umkhakha futhi ekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhayisikili lanamuhla ozimele zenziwa aluminium ingxubevange - ukushayela kakhulu, ngokuvamile aphule. Umbuzo uwukuthi: onjani solder ukukhetha?

Kukholakala ukuthi nokunamathisela ngomthofu aluminiyamu - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa eqinisweni lokhu kwenzeka, uma inqubo usebenzisa izinto ngoba insimbi engagqwali noma zethusi, insimbi, ithusi. Isizathu salokhu - oxide ifilimu. Lokho-ke akukuniki izinga wayefisa wettability futhi akusho ukuncibilikisa metal isizinda.

Aluminiyamu nokunamathisela ngomthofu futhi Alloys yayo

Lokho umsebenzi kuyokwenzeka ezingeni esifanele, solder ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu aluminiyamu kufanele ibe Silicon, aluminium, ithusi, zinc nezesiliva. Namuhla, emakethe ungathola izingoma lapho zonke lezi izingxenye kukhona ngezabelo ezahlukene.

Ukukhetha solder okuthembekile, kubalulekile ucabangele okulandelayo. Umkhawulo ukugqwala ukumelana namandla okusezingeni eliphezulu bebengaba kwakwakhe owawenziwa ne solder, equkethe okuningi zinc.

Futhi-aluminiyamu ingasetshenziswa compounds tin futhi isisekelo phambili. Kodwa kubalulekile kahle ukulungiselela ebusweni umsebenzi, ibhulashi ukuhlanza insimbi engagqwali, futhi ukusetshenziswa fluxes asebenzayo. Kodwa ochwepheshe musa ukutusa ukusetshenziswa i-elementi enjalo.

Noma yimuphi solder ngoba lokushisa eliphezulu aluminium brazing. I elilungile kakhulu, ukuthi uvumele ukuthola ukuxhumana okuthembekile, - aluminium-Silicon kanye ne-aluminium-copper-silicon.

Indlela solder yethusi?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kungenzeka ukusebenza iningi izingoma. Ingasetshenziselwa njengoba ephansi lokushisa ephansi ukuncibilika brazing yamathebhu izinsimbi. Enye ukusetshenziswa izingoma esekelwe tin-lead, ithini, isiliva, ithusi, isiliva ne-zinc.

Uma ufuna ukulungisa umbadlana ikhompyutha noma ukulungisa i-TV kuleli zwe, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi izakhi fusible. Uma kubalulekile solder nokufakwa ku amapayipi noma amapayipi noma ukulungisa imbala, khona-ke nje ngeke silingane impahla brazing ngoba brazing zethusi. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthola high imiphumela.

insimbi engagqwali

Uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ngensimbi engagqwali, ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa izinti ithini nomthofu. izinto nge-cadmium nazo awunankinga. Ungasebenzisa Alloys fusible esekelwe zinc. Noma kunjalo, akufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela carbon noma ephansi ingxubevange lezinsimbi. solder Kuhle kakhulu nokunamathisela ngomthofu insimbi engagqwali - laqanjwa esekelwe tin okumsulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela tin uvunyelwe uma indawo nokunamathisela ngomthofu kuyoba nabo ukudla.

Uma umsebenzi kuzokwenziwa e ezomile noma esithandweni umoya, bese bekusebenzisa isiliva Manganese, nickel-chromium noma okumsulwa solder yethusi (nokuningi okungcono zethusi). Lapho nokunamathisela ngomthofu kuyadingeka ezindaweni onakalisayo, sebenzisa esiliva tinoli ingxenye encane nickel.

Pike steel

Xhuma izingxenye ezimbili akuzona kanzima nomunye. solder okungabizi futhi kahle nokunamathisela ngomthofu ensimbi - pos-41. Kukhona pos-60 kanye nabanye, ngisho ingasetshenziswa tin okumsulwa. Kodwa ukhethe izingoma ezimbi efanelekayo. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa carbon noma ephansi ingxubevange izinto.

Fluxes ngoba brazing

Phakathi ukusebenza yokucucuza kudlala indima ongaphansi solder. Lokhu chemical mfutho kuphela futhi oxides. Iphinde ivikela metal kusukela namachibi futhi inyuka ogelezayo nokumanzisa.

Ukuze usebenze nge izakhi ngesisekelo phambili futhi ithini njengoba ecucuza singasetshenziswa hydrochloric acid, i-zinc chloride. Futhi sokuprakthiza efanelekayo, ammonium chloride. Lokhu fluxes asebenzayo. Ukuze ngasebenzi zihlanganisa rosin, ongahluziwe jelly, amafutha omnqumo, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

Ngokwesibonelo, hydrochloric acid izixazululo ingasetshenziswa ne solders esithambile. Zinc chloride isetshenziswa ngethusi, ithusi, insimbi. Ammonia, ilale kahle ehlukanisa futhi kuyasiqeda izinto okunamafutha. Ukuze aluminium usebenzisa laqanjwa uwoyela tung, rosin, zinc calcined chloride. Ungase futhi usebenzise kanzulu wali band acid.

Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi kukhona solders, futhi iyiphi kungcono ukusebenzisa ezimweni ezahlukene.