Sabefundisi, kuyini na? Kukhona imiqondo emibili eyisisekelo

Sabefundisi - kuyini? Kusukela esikoleni Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi Kwaba khona futhi nesikhamo matriarchy, nokuthi yini kusho kushintshana ukuphakama ezinye phezu kwabanye - amadoda phezu kwabesifazane, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

izici Isici kokubusa amadoda

Amandla indoda unezinye izincazelo, isibonelo, noma androkratiya andrarhiya, okuyizinto wonke ubukhulu efanayo ngaphandle kwemibandela amadoda, kanye ngebulili. Kuyini - amandla uyise (lokuhumusha ezithile) noma komphakathi umphakathi lapho bonke namandla is bagxila ezandleni wobulili namandla? Bobabili. ifomu okunjalo yenhlangano yomphakathi, lapho indoda ungumholi noma "isici esivelele," inezici ayo isici, isib, patrilineal lapho yonke into, kuhlanganise ifa, ohlangothini zoyise. Patrilocality noma lapho endaweni yokuhlala lwelungu ngalinye lomkhaya kunqunywa umyeni. Ingxenye yokuqala ngqá izwi, "Patrie" ibonisa ukuthi obusa njalo umyeni, ngisho polygyny, lapho eziningi nabafazi, wonke amandla kusezandleni zakhe.

Sabefundisi njengoba umqondo womuntu

Kodwa luphakathi omndeni owodwa, ngezinga ngebulili kazwelonke - ukuthi is? Kuyinto umphakathi, okuyinto abazalwa nawo kumaGreki ubulili, lapho lo mfana ikhule nomqondo ukungalingani ngobulili igunya lowesilisa njengokulala into ethathwa kalula lapho wonke amalungelo amaningana, kuhlanganise nelungelo ukukhetha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo, ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kanye umthwalo wabo ukukhishwa, eyakho amadoda. Emphakathini wanamuhla, uhlobo ngebulili kunalokho kufihlwe, it is hhayi ezamenyezelwa isimo, kodwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka athuthukile nemithetho ubudlelwane ubulili, izindinganiso zokuziphatha ababenikezwe abantu kuzinga enganakile.

I okungokwenkolo kwegama elithi

Nokho, lolu cwaningo, leli gama lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukuze ubheke imiqondo wokuziphilisa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ingenye amagama ajwayele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Esikhathini zenkolo umqondo, ngebulili, ukuthi kuyinto? Lona umqondo ibandla. Kulezi zikhathi esiphila kuzo, njengoba e-pre-Petrine (inkosi enkulu waqeda umbhishobhi omkhulu, futhi kulesi sikhungo libuyiselwe ngenxa ye isinqumo soMkhandlu endawo 1917-18). Abakhethiwe uTikhon, owayehola isonto kuze 1925. Ukuhlolwa gama libhekisela uhlelo kutsi bakwati kutakhela amandla isonto phezulu. Ngokuvamile, ngokokuqala ngqa eRussia sabefundisi yethulwa 1589, kanti oyinhloko okuqala esonto lakhe uJobe. Ezikhathini iSoviet, Sabefundisi wavuselelwa ngo-1943, ngesikhathi impi. USergiyu Stragorodsky ephethwe Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kuze 1944, nalapho afike ashonela khona.

nomlandeli wayo, Alexios Ngachitha lonke lokuvimbezela ubekade emzini ovinjezelwe futhi waklonyeliswa ngendondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela kweLeningrad". Igama lakhe emhlabeni - SV Simansky, YaseMoscow Sabefundisi, wayevela 1945 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1970 Zonke izahluko ezilandelayo we ROC benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze avuselele-Orthodox kanye nezempilo esingokomoya sesizwe. Kusukela 1971, eholwa MP Pimen emhlabeni Sergey Mihaylovich Izvekov, owashona ngo-1990. It salandelwa Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, ngubani eba inzalamizi 1990 ngaphansi kwegama Alexy II. ikhanda yamanje ye MP kuyinto Kirill kusukela 2009 (emhlabeni Gundyaev uVladimir Mihaylovich).

autocephaly enkulu

Elikhulu patriarchates Orthodox (abababalayo, ngokomlayo diptych) - waseConstantinople, Alexandria, e-Antiyokiya, eJerusalema kanye eMoscow futhi eziningi autocephalous (self-equkethwe ngaphakathi isimo olulodwa, isibonelo, isiBulgaria, isiHungary, njll ...), Amasonto, ikakhulukazi ise izindawo zamazwe baseMpumalanga Yurophu zonke bendawonye (futhi kukhona ezisemthethweni 15 kuphela) kukhona iSonto Lobu-Orthodox.

Yiqiniso, kunezindawo eziningi amasonto ukuthi basuka yenkolelo, kodwa emlandweni ezakhe, njengokuthi "Old Calendarists Greek" noma "Russian isiko Wesonto" - kukhona eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa akusiwona patriarchates Orthodox.

Enye igama ROC

Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia singesikhulu kunazo zonke kwezingu ekhona amasonto autocephalous wendawo. On indawo enkulu Russia zikhona 136 dioceses. Ngaphandle kwabo kukhona kweshumi stavropegic eziningana, okubandakanya zezindela, Isigodlo, ubuzalwane futhi ababhishobhi, ngqo ongaphansi inzalamizi (lapho ibizwa ngokuthi svyaschennoarhimandritom) futhi musa kuxhomeke iziphathimandla Diocesan. Futhi yonke le nsada unegama ezahlukene olusemthethweni - YaseMoscow Sabefundisi, noma MP. Yena zibalwa yesihlanu ohlwini lwamagama sigujwe izimfundiso - the diptych, neyaziwayo yibo bonke njengoba nje esisemthethweni okukakhenoni iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ensimini ka CIS amazwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi ngaphambi MP kanye eMoscow Sabefundisi phambi 2000 yasetshenziswa nelithi ibinzana. Manje Sabefundisi eMoscow limelela wonke izikhungo ukuthi ngokuqondile ukusebenzisa Inzalamizi. EMoscow Sabefundisi akubandakanyi Old Amakholwa, Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC) kanye Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Ngaphandle Russia (ROCOR). Ngesikhathi eMoscow Sabefundisi kuyinto idokhumenti main - Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church. Lithi igunya eliphakeme kanye nokuphatha ibandla kukhona UMkhandlu weNdawo, le UMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi futhi esiGungwini Esingcwele, okuyinto iholwa Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia.