Isonto ezizimele kanye autocephalous. Lapho Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia baba autocephalous

izwe Orthodox Omkhulu. ukukhanya kwalo esikhanyayo emazweni amaningi nezizwe. Bonke bangabangasokile umuntu Universal Church. Kodwa, ngokungafani nezwe Katolika, ilawulwe uPapa, umbusi kuphela, iSonto LamaKatolika sehlukaniswe self - amasonto Local noma autocephalous, ngamunye ephethe ukuzibusa kanye ukuzimela in isinqumo we izindaba zomthetho nezokuphatha oyinhloko.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "autocephaly"

Ngaphambi sikhuluma ngalokho okushiwo Autocephalous eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, kufanele ucabangele elithi "autocephaly" ngokwalo. Senzeka kusukela lesiGreki sakhiwa izimpande amabili. Eyokuqala wabo ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umuntu" kanti eyesibili - ". Ikhanda" a Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwawo i conjunctive lingasho "samovozglavlenie", okusho ukuphathwa ephelele kunayo yonke ekuphileni yangaphakathi iSonto uzibuse zokuphatha. Lelibandla autocephalous zihluke ezizimele, okuyinto eziphoqelelwe ukulinganiselwa ezithile ezingokomthetho.

Ibandla jikelele sehlukaniswe Local (autocephalous) hhayi ngesisekelo kazwelonke, kodwa usifaka indawo. Ngesisekelo yilesi sigaba kukhona amazwi Umphostoli UPawulu ukuthi kuKristu akukho ukwehlukana kubantu kunoma kazwelonke noma yabo emphakathini. Bonke abantu akha 'umhlambi kaNkulunkulu "eyodwa futhi ube nomalusi munye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lula akunakuphikwa ukuhambisana indawo amasonto autocephalous kwemingcele zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha uthi.

Amalungelo amasonto autocephalous

Ukuze ukuchaza ngokugcwele okushiwo isimo autocephalous, kufanele kube sihlolisise amalungelo possessed isonto autocephalous. Into ebaluleke kakhulu sazo esifanele ukunikezela kanye wokuqoka yesonto ababhishobhi zabo. Asikho isidingo engavumelana a angenele ethile nge Abaholi bezinye lamasonto endawo. Kubalulekile, yini umehluko phakathi esontweni autocephalous futhi ezizimele. wezinkawu ephethwe kwakamuva, wabelwa ebandleni, okuyinto zona ukuzimela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasonto zendawo anelungelo nemigomo yazo self-ukushicilela siqu. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala, yebo, kuphela izindawo ezazilawulwa esontweni inikezwe. Izinkinga ezihlobene idivayisi kanye nokuphathwa esontweni, futhi ziqondiswe oda yangaphakathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lezi ifakwa emikhandlwini yendawo.

isonto Autocephalous unelungelo ukwahlukaniselwa amafutha angcwele ukusetshenziswa esontweni. Enye kwesokudla esibaluleke yikhono ukuba ngumnikazi nokunxusa santa, ubhala emkhubeni entsha yesonto futhi sithi. Iphuzu lokugcina has usubeka umbandela eyodwa kuphela - kufanele Ungeqeli ngalé izimfundiso bagomele zamukela i-Universal Church.

Kuzo zonke izindaba i nature zokuphatha lamasonto endawo kufanele ephelele ukuzimela. Lokhu kusebenza futhi inkantolo kobufundisi komthetho yimihlangano emikhandlu wendawo kanye kungenzeka ukuqalisa ukubiza ka i Council WamaSonto.

Imingcele ngakwesokudla Amasonto autocephalous

Imikhawulo amalungelo lamasonto endawo zibangelwa isimiso ubunye seSonto. Zivela ke, lonke ibandla autocephalous ncamashí nomunye futhi ahlukaniswe ngokwendawo kuphela, kodwa hhayi uqhosha hhayi umehluko ezindabeni zezimfundiso. Umgomo okuncikwe ilungelo Lesonto jikelele ukuze ahumushe zezinkolelo zenkolo, kuyilapho kokushiya ingashintshiwe ubunjalo Ukholo Orthodox.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinqumo izimpikiswano ezinkulu okukakhenoni ngale lomthetho amasonto zendawo is run by nemiKhandlu WamaSonto. Futhi ukwakhiwa ukuphila yesonto ngaphakathi Autocephaly kufanele kwamukelwe futhi ngokuhambisana izilungiselelo wamukela WamaSonto Council.

Ukwakheka lamasonto endawo

Umlando kumiswa Amasonto zendawo ezigxilile ngezikhathi zabaphostoli, lapho abafundi bakaJesu Kristu ezwini lakhe bathunyelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene ukunikeza abantu izindaba ezinhle iVangeli St. esontweni yasungulwa ngenxa yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani wabo indawo, kuye kwadingeka ukuzimela kwabanye, ngokusekelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nabo amasonto. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo sokuphila okungokwenkolo yalezi izimila yaba inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke we amadolobha wamaRoma.

Lapho UbuKristu baba inkolo isimo, isiqalile ngenkuthalo iyala ukuphila lamasonto endawo. Le nkathi zomlando (IV-VI ekhulwini) ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi Councils WamaSonto. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke yasungulwa futhi wazitholela amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo elawula amalungelo amasonto autocephalous, kanye neluhlaka nomkhawulo. Ngokwesibonelo, e imibhalo ye II WamaSonto Council libhekisela ukusabalala ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ababhishobhi lesifunda ezindaweni angaphezu amasonto abo endawo.

It imibhalo akhiwa lezi Imikhandlu Wawo Wonke AmaSonto, asivumela ukuba anikeze impendulo ocacile umbuzo ukuthi kusho ukuthini isonto autocephalous, futhi ukugwema incazelo kabili.

Umthetho kwadluliselwa lapho entsha ezimele isonto autocephalous kungadalwa. Kusekelwe isimiso: "Akekho ongaba ukunikeza amalungelo angaphezu kuka anakho." Kulesi sisekelo, ukwakha ibandla elisha autocephalous yezimanga kwababhishobhi uMbusi Wendawo Church, noma episcopate ekhona futhi ngokomthetho wendawo. Ngakho-ke waba nokukhathazeka emoyeni ngokuqhubeka labaphostoli. Episcopal igunya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukusetshenziswa welithi "Umama Church", noma isonto kiriarhalnoy. Ukuqokwa zomthetho kweBandla, ababhishobhi lapho kusungulwa amasha manorial (autocephalous) eBandleni.

ukusungulwa okungagunyaziwe autocephalous

Nokho, umlando uyazi Ezimweni eziningi ukwephulwa kwale mithetho aqine. Ngezinye izikhathi iziphathimandla zikahulumeni wamemezela iSonto autocephalous yezwe labo, futhi dioceses ngezinye izikhathi lendawo ngaphandle kokuthola imvume kuzo zokuzithoba emagunyeni aphakeme bese kuqokwa Primate, ukuzimela wamemezela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi zikhona izizathu inhloso ngoba ukwenza kanjalo.

Ngemva kwalokho, ngokungemthetho yabo okukakhenoni alungisa izenzo ngempela esisemthethweni, nakuba ezithathwe nge abanye bayalibala ukwenza. Njengoba isibonelo, singakhumbula ehhovisi okungagunyaziwe ngo-1923, i-avtokifalistov basePoland Russian Umama Church. Ukuba semthethweni yalesi senzo ibuyiselwe kuphela ngo-1948, kuyilapho isonto baba autocephalous ngokomthetho. Izibonelo ezinjalo eziningi.

Ukuxolela nemithetho jikelele

Kodwa umthetho sihlinzekela izimo lapho i esontweni ezizimele naphula ubuhlobo babo unina-isonto bese autocephaly. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kiriarhalnaya isonto iwela baqede noma Uqhekeko. Document ezamukelwe ngu UMkhandlu weNdawo waseConstantinople, owawuse-861, olubizwa ngokuthi Double, inikeza izimo ezifanayo futhi unika unelungelo lokuthola usizo ezizimele self isonto ephakamisa.

Kuyinto ngesisekelo lesi sigaba, futhi ithola uzibuse ngo 1448, Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ngokusho episcopate yayo, Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople eMkhandlwini Florence yayisiphuza yimbuka staining ubumsulwa imfundiso Orthodox. Sibambe lokhu, bathi, waphuthuma ukwakha esitulweni primatial Metropolitan uJona nimemezele ukuzimela lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli.

Manje ekhona autocephalous iSonto Lobu-Orthodox

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu amasonto autocephalous. Bonke bangabangasokile Orthodox, ngakho evame ukubuzwa umbuzo mayelana umehluko phakathi Orthodox Autocephalous Church of course, alisasebenzi. Zibhaleni phansi ngokulandelana wenza diptych - bekhumbula ezinkonzweni.

Eyokuqala ayisishiyagalolunye zilawulwa izinzalamizi. Phakathi kwabo - waseConstantinople, Alexandria, e-Antiyokiya, eJerusalema, isiRashiya, isi-Georgian, isiSerbia Romanian futhi Bulgarian isonto. Basuke elandelwa yilabo eliholwa abakhulu. Lokhu Cyprus, eGrisi bese Albania. Ukuphelelisa uhlu amasonto ukuthi ziphethwe basemasontweni: EPoland, Namazwe Czech neSlovakia, Autocephalous iSonto Lobu-Orthodox e-America.

I wesihlanu iminyaka ilandelana ohlwini ngenhla, Russian Church baba autocephalous e 1589. Nabo isimo sabo sitholwa kusukela Sabefundisi waseConstantinople, okwakubekelwa ngokuvumelana 1548, lapho esontweni ababhishobhi Russian kuqokwa inhloko yebandla, Metropolitan uJona. Ukwenyuka amandla kwezomnotho nakwezempi ikusasa Russia kwaqinisa igunya sezombusazwe, sezempi zenkolo ezweni lethu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwase kuyisikhathi eside izinzalamizi Eastern elibonakalayo Russian yesihlanu 'behlonipha "endaweni.

Ukulingana yazo zonke Orthodox amasonto autocephalous

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu kuthiwa wenza practice, inter-isonto inkhulumomphendvulwano ukulingana onke amabandla autocephalous. Itholwa izimfundiso zamaKatolika ukuthi upapa iyona umbambeli kaKristu, nokuthi, ngenxa yalokho, is ngahluleki, kuba ngokuphelele ingamukeleki Lobu-Orthodox. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umale ngokuphelele izimangalo we waseConstantinople Sabefundisi kunoma amalungelo akhethekile e-Universal Church.

Kule ndaba, kufanele licaciswe isimiso ukuthi labelwe isikhundla okwesingaki bamasonto ahlukahlukene kuleli diptychs. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi izindawo zibizwa ngokuthi "kwababusi Ukuhlonishwa", ayinakho ukubaluleka bagomele abanayo futhi asethwe luyingxenye zomlando. Ngendlela ukusatshalaliswa izihlalo idlala indima amasonto lasendulo, ukulandelana iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo itholakele isimo isimo autocephalous futhi ukubaluleka zezombusazwe amadolobha lapho umnyango ibekwe ababhishobhi evelele.

Autonomous Amasonto kanye nezici zabo

Kuyafaneleka ukuba zihlale isimo izinto tente 1548, okungukuthi, kuze kube isikhathi lapho Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia baba autocephalous. isimo sakhe e lawo makhulu eminyaka kungenziwa libhekene kanje - isonto ezizimele. Kwakuthinta eshiwo ngenhla ukuthi isici esiyinhloko amasonto ezizimele ukungabi ilungelo ukhetha hlobo lwezinkawu ayo, eletha kubo kuMama Church. Lokhu kukhawulela kakhulu ukuzimela. Futhi esinye isici esibalulekile udaba - kusuka kumuntu uhola ezimele amasonto autocephalous Orthodox, kuncike kakhulu ngaphakathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho inqubomgomo angaphandle lamazwe abo.

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphambi Metropolitan uJona wathola isihloko Metropolitan eMoscow All Russia, ukwencika Russian ku waseConstantinople kwakungelona kwimboni azinzima kangako kakhulu. Lapha nendima eyadlalwa ibanga womhlaba kusukela eByzantium - umama isonto. Esimweni zimbi kakhulu babe ibandla elasungulwa amasimu wedolobha ngesiGreki.

imikhawulo okukhulu nenkululeko amasonto ezizimele

Autonomous Amasonto, ngaphandle eyabusa Primate esimisiwe isonto-unina, ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba iyavumelana yini nako ngezimiso zawo, isimo, uthintane kuwo wonke noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingathi sína. Azizange zivunyelwe ukuba zihlangane ukuba ngumnikazi ukwahlukaniselwa chrism. ababhishobhi abo ayengamakhulu ethile lenkantolo ephakeme - inkantolo kiriarhalnoy Church kanye nobuhlobo bayo nabanye, ayebonakala kwesokudla ukwakha kuphela kusetshenziswa esontweni umama. Konke lokhu emenza nobunzima yenhlangano, kubuhlungu le ngezinhlanga nokuqhosha ngohlanga.

Imvelo lwesikhashana we isimo ukuzimela

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi isimo yokuzimela yeSonto ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana, Lesisemkhatsini. Njengomthetho, babe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma etholwe autocephalous Orthodox Amasonto, noma, ukulahlekelwa ngisho usesimweni ukuzimela, basuke iguqulwe ibe abavamile wesifunda wedolobha noma besifunda-bhishobhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuthola okuningi izibonelo.

Kulezi zinsuku ku diptychs yesonto bekhunjulwa ezintathu zesonto ezizimele. Eyokuqala wabo - laseSinayi lasendulo. It is elawulwa ngumbhishobhi ngabaphansi eJerusalema. Lokhu kulandelwa isonto Finnish. Ukuze wakhe, kubika iSoccer Isonto waseConstantinople baba autocephaly. Ekugcineni, amaJapane, okuyiwona kiriarhalnoy kuyinto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Khanyisa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni eJapane waletha isiqhingi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, isithunywa sevangeli isiRashiya, uMbhishobhi UNikolai (Kasatkin), kamuva abagcotshwa. Ngezimpawu namasevisi yakhe eSontweni, yena waba sathola udumo ngokubizwa ngokuthi elilingana abaphostoli. isiqu esinjalo sinikezwa kuphela kulabo abalethela ekufundiseni kukaKristu yonke izizwe.

Konke lokhu amasonto - Orthodox. Indlela okungenangqondo ukubheka ngokungafani Orthodox Autocephalous Church, okungenangqondo ngakho ukukhuluma mayelana nomehluko phakathi ezizimele nama-Orthodox. Isidingo incazelo enjalo kubangelwa njalo kunazo wabuza imibuzo mayelana nayo.