Russian Space Art. imibono Russian cosmism

Ngokuzayo lwesintu ... Lesi sihloko njalo kuye kwabhekwa ngesithakazelo esikhulu kule kokubili esempumalanga isiko zefilosofi European. Kodwa engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 kwesibili, ukugcizelela sigudluke kakhulu: abantu abazange dream mayelana nekusasa elihle, kodwa futhi ukubheka yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukuba uwufinyelele. Futhi endleleni wabonakala umbuzo yemvelo: "Kungenzeka yini ikusasa isimiso" inombolo kwezikhali zenuzi izwe futhi kungenzeka Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo akasivumeli ukunikeza impendulo ngoyebo. ukuhlobana Omkhulu Kunabo atholwe ukuqonda ukuthi yibuphi ubunzima ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu imvelo, kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ngenxa ingxoxo lezi zinkinga, kukhona amasiko athile. Isikhala Art ifilosofi Russian ungomunye wabo. On ke thina ngazo kulesi sihloko.

definition

Igama elithi "Russian Space Art" savela kuyi-60s, lapho abantu ngokushesha owesese mayelana ukuhlola umkhathi futhi ikhanga cishe ukhohlwe fa K. E. Tsiolkovskogo. Khona-ke bawela entanyeni anhlobonhlobo isiko Russian ku 19 sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. abameleli balo esivelele kunazo babe izinkondlo - Bruce, Tiutchev; e umculo - Scriabin; Umdwebo - Nesterov. Kwamiswa isiqondiso zefilosofi emhlabeni imibono K. E. Tsiolkovskogo (kusekelwa ososayensi ezifana ehola njengoba V. I. Vernadsky futhi A. L. Chizhevsky) futhi isebenza N. F. Fodorova.

cosmists Okokuqala zefilosofi wazindla Amathemba ukuqhubeka isintu. Yiqiniso, ngenxa indlela yokuphila ukucabanga isitayela abalobi, imisebenzi yabo ehlukene kakhulu. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, bangathola eningi imibono evamile umphelelisi nokuthuthukisa nomunye bese bakha Umkhuba omusha lonke ifilosofi Russian.

Umcondvo lomcoka endzabeni

Cosmism Russian lokuqala kugomela umqondo ubunye bonke abantu, ngokusekelwe hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezombusazwe futhi kusekelwe endleleni ethile yokucabanga, kodwa zokuziphatha kanye nezemvelo. Ngakho, isici esibaluleke kakhulu kwakhiwa isiqondiso zefilosofi - ngaphambilini akuhambisani kwakwakhe izinkinga ezifana ukusungulwa elangenza jikelele, ukuthuthukiswa Isikhala ekulondolozweni imvelo.

Iziqondiso cosmism Russian

Kunezinhlobo eziningana, kodwa Amathrendi eziyinhloko eziyisihlanu kuphela. Nye of them we baye eshiwo ngenhla kakade. Ubani bayofaka kuwe kuze uhlu oluphelele:

• Yemvelo-yesayensi (Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky, Chizhevsky).
• Sezenkolo-zefilosofi (Fedorov).
• Yobuciko kanye izinkondlo (Morozov Sukhovo-Marelin, Bruce, Odoyevski, Tjutchev).
• Esoteric (Roerich).
• Noosphere (Ameva, Akimov, Dmitriev).

Ngezansi sikhuluma abameleli izinkomba ezimbili zokuqala.

sikakhokho cosmism

Cosmism umsunguli kanye omele ngobukhulu kuyinto UNikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. Akalokothi wafunda nefilosofi efanele. Fedorov yomsebenzi imfundiso ephilayo yokuqala, bese asebenze umtapo. kakhulu ambalwa imisebenzi yakhe yashicilelwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe UNikolai Fedorovich. Kodwa ngokwanele zalezi zincwadi ukuze eziningi zefilosofi futhi abalobi bakwazi zibabaza imibono yakhe. Ikakhulukazi weza Izibuyekezo emihle A. M. Gorkogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo futhi L. N. Tolstogo.

imibono Abaningi baye washayelwa cosmism Russian Fedorov emsebenzini wakhe 'Ifilosofi ka yimbangela ejwayelekile. " Wayekholelwa ukuthi imbangela nokungezwani e ubuhlobo bomuntu nemvelo itholakala ukudideka sokuphila zokugcina. Futhi uhlobo izenzo zakhe equlekile njengoba ibutho elinenzondo. Kuphela le amandla kungaba niwunqobe esebenzisa ukucabanga komuntu. Isazi sefilosofi wayekholelwa ukuthi "abantu kulindeleke ukuba wenze emhlabeni of ngokuvumelana ubeka izinto ngononina khona." Nale ukuvela imvelo siguqulwe kusuka nokuguqulwa ukuba uyaqaphela elawulwa.

isiqondiso jikelele

nefilosofi isiRashiya, isi-Russian Space Art kwakuyoba engacabangeki ngaphandle imibono Fyodorov ukuqaliswa isiqondiso jikelele. Kuyadingeka ukuba ekuvaleni igebe elikhona phakathi imvelo kanye indoda. Ngesikhathi isiqondiso efanayo psychophysiological kusho ukulawula amandla ethu kwangaphakathi. I yangaphandle ezibalweni kusukela iplanethi yethu yonke futhi kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

1. isiqondiso meteoric (into - Earth).
2. astroregulyatsiya yemihlaba (into - yesimiso sonozungezilanga).
3. Space (into - yonke).

Nge ukudlula lezi izigaba lwesintu uyohlanganisa sonke inkanyezi imihlaba ekhona. Phela, Russian Space Art njengendlela mkhuba zefilosofi Kuvezwe ngokunembile ngenxa lo mbono. Ngakho UNikolai Fedorovich elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi ungungqondongqondo.

Naphezu utopianism ka Fedorov mbono eziningi, owayephila Art Space (Russian) othi ngandise imiqondo yefa lakhe: projectivity ulwazi kanye synthetism, ukulawulwa impilo yomphakathi futhi izinqubo zemvelo, ukuxhumana eduze zokuziphatha futhi ulwazi, perpetuation ukuphila komuntu, nokunye ..

Izimiso ezine Tsiolkovsky

elikhulu Space Art ifilosofi IsiRashiya sinamagama Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Waziwa ngokuthi i sazi yasekuqaleni, i-umlobi yesayensi, kanye Ummemezeli ka Astronautics futhi rocket Dynamics ezaziwayo.

Tsiolkovsky babekholelwa ukuthi izwe lethu zingachazwa kuphela iphuzu cosmic umbono. Ngokuzayo emhlabeni - kuyinto ukuhlola umkhathi abantu. Yonke imisebenzi yethu kumelwe ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana phakathi isikhala futhi indoda. Yokukhululwa eziphilayo ezihlakaniphile kusuka kwencika ngokuya endaweni yazo - omunye imisebenzi esemqoka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Tsiolkovsky wacabanga ukuthi ukuhlola umkhathi kungaletha ndawonye abantu esimweni ebalulekile.

Kunezindlela eziningana izimiso zefilosofi asisekelo Tsiolkovsky. Russian Space Art basalokhu abathi. Lezi zimiso ezine. Ake sixoxe ngazo e kuhleleka ngekubaluleka: ngalokulandzelako

• Panpsihizm (ukuqashelwa nozwela yonke).
• Monism (Matter ingenye, futhi izakhiwo zalo ziyafana).
• Isimiso infinity (amandla engqondweni cosmic futhi yonke akupheli).
• Isimiso self-inhlangano (yonke uqobo yakha isakhiwo ayo).

noosphere Vernadsky sika

imibono Abaningi baye washayelwa cosmism Russian Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. Kodwa yena wayengekho kuphela semvelo ezivelele, kodwa futhi wayecabangisisa abalulekile kanye umsunguli Umbono wokuthi isimiso semvelo kanye ushintsho lwalo noosphere.

VI Vernadsky, kanye nabanye abameleli ezindaweni ezifana Russian Space Art, ukuthi ngokusebenzisa isayensi isintu esingathola niwunqobe yonke futhi abe yisisusa lizenzele umhlahlandlela walo. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi "imisebenzi yesayensi kuyoba ibonakalisa Geological umsebenzi yomuntu, futhi kuzodala isimo okhethekile linganisa futhi ulungiselele wakhe ukwedlulisela phakathi noosphere." sazi Kugcine wayekwazi ukwandisa isilinganiso umsebenzi ezinengqondo womuntu inqophe ukunina ukuphila emhlabeni njengengxenye linganisa, bese esikhaleni sonozungezilanga futhi ngenxa yalokho kakade nangale. Ngokusho Vernadsky, kakhulu kwemvelo usebalungiselele entry lwesintu ngenkathi we noosphere. Isimo esiyinhloko lenguquko - inyunyana imvelo zokudala ukuthuthukisa jikelele nenhlalakahle yabantu.

Umsebenzi Solar Chizhevskogo

nefilosofi isiRashiya, isi-Russian Space Art wathola umfutho esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni ngomsebenzi Aleksandra Leonidovicha Chizhevskogo, lapho bexoxa mayelana kwethonya umsebenzi solar ku emlandweni wesintu.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinxushunxushu wamavukelambuso ezenzeka esikhathini iinkhathi zokwenzeka enkulu kwelanga. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa iyaphindwa ngezikhawu engu-11. Futhi, ishumi nanye-umjikelezo siqukethe izinkathi emine:

• excitability Ubuncane (iminyaka engu-3).
• Ukuphakama excitability (iminyaka engu-2).
• Ukwanda esiphezulu excitability (iminyaka engu-3).
• Wehlise excitability (iminyaka engu-3).

ithiyori Chizhevskogo ngomthelela iziphepho elanga ku ukuziphatha abantu abathile ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile futhi manje abe ukusakazwa kakhulu.

isiphetho

Ngakho, siye sacabangela Russian Space Art njengendlela mkhuba okwakushiwo ifilosofi yamaGreki. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndoda yathatha kusasele amakhulu eminyaka ukuba bathole ukubonakala ezinengqondo kanye nokuqwashisa enamandla ingokomoya labo siqu. Ukudlulisa emhlabeni esiteji okwakhayo, impucuko womuntu wavula izinhlobo ezintsha ulwazi, ukudala izimboni ezintsha kanye imibono yefilosofi isayensi.

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje, uma sicabangela kokwake, esintwini sona ngokwaso isakhiwo ecacile futhi ukukhomba izinto eziza kuqala ewusizo kakhulu. Kodwa, njengasekuqaleni, asikatholi nezimpendulo zemibuzo ephathelene nenjongo yokuphila kanye isithombe yonke emhlabeni. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu bayohlala njalo babe ukuthambekela kubonise ke bayohlale bekhona izimfihlakalo otgadki okuyinto engazange abe khona.