Russian eziphuthumayo Reserve. Ukugcina izinto zosizo oluphuthumayo

Ngenxa ukuba khona esiqiwini eziphuthumayo Russia (ke USSR), izigidi zabantu nisindisiwe phakathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. esifanayo Uhlelo Umbuso ngokushesha okwasekhaya kuleyo ngenhlamvu eChernobyl isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi ukuthi ekuseni ngosuku ill-fated kwabheduka ngo-April 1986, futhi ukulondoloza iziqhumane zasemkhathini Ukraine, eBelarus futhi amazwe aseYurophu.

Amasheya Rus Basendulo Tsarist Russia

Ngo-USSR, thina babenza ukuthi esiqiwini eziphuthumayo udinga ukunikeza abantu bonke ezidingekayo iminyaka eyishumi sokusongela kwempi yenuzi. Nokho, umlando kumiswa ubuqotho reserve umphakathi waqala ezinsukwini zika ERussia yasendulo, lapho amasheya ukudla labetibambile ezindaweni enkulu unpopulated - ezigodlweni. Ukuze ezisekhona ukunakwa Solovetsky Monastery, ukudla okungaba ngokwanele iminyaka eminingi. Okukhulu kakhulu, by the way, ukhona kuze kube yilolu suku, it is esisogwini Solovetsky Islands (lawa Solovki eziyihlazo) e White Sea.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 Tsarist Russia amasheya yokusanhlamvu (okusanhlamvu) nosawoti enziwa ngo-1913 kuya uhlu imikhiqizo ukwengeza ezinye okusanhlamvu nofulawa. Phakathi kukaFebhuwari Okthoba revolution sezenhlalo wobunxiwankulu isimo izinqolobane expectedly run out, kodwa uhulumeni wokuqala Soviet kakade 1926 kwaphawula ukuqala kokudaliweyo fund reserve, okuyinto ezilungisiwe ezingeni eliphakeme kunawo zikahulumeni.

Umlando ekuseni kweSoviet isimo reserve

Eqinisweni, NT eU.SSR wabonakala ngo-1931, lapho Lelikomiti lasungulwa izinqolobane, nesikhulu sawo umiselwa Kuibyshev. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke imikhiqizo eziphuthumayo supply angaphansi omunye igunya kunokuba umuntu izikhungo, izinhlangano kanye namabhizinisi. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we owasungula kumiswa esiqiwini uhulumeni iyawakha ngo-1939. I ke izinqolobane isimo isakhiwo uhlaka lilondolozwe kuze kube manje.

supply eziphuthumayo kuleli iminyaka ngaphambi nangemuva impi

Ake asembulele igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini wezwe lakithi. Oku-impi isimo zazakhiwe ngendlela eyayenza kudingeke ukwandisa NC. supply eziphuthumayo kwaba manje bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo umkhakha. Kulesi sigaba, akusiyo esiqiwini okukhethekile ukuze yayizothumela amasosha ayo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Kusukela ngo-1939, wabeka phezu isitoreji engcwele reserve eziphuthumayo. Siqukethe imikhiqizo kanye impahla izingalo nakwezempi imishini, ukudla, okokubasa, zomnotho nezempilo (kusaladi, imithi) walo mhlaba.

Ikakhulu okwenyanga reserve eziphuthumayo ukusiza ayibususi enkulu iSoviet Union ngo-neminyaka yokuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Njengoba kuyinto eziphikisanayo, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi eSoviet Union izinqolobane akuzange kwehle, kodwa yanyuka cishe kabili ngenxa ithini aluminium, nickel, i-zinc, lesinkwa lenyama okusemathinini. Ngemva Ukunqoba Omkhulu imizamo eminingi ukuze ngivuselele kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo reserve, kodwa empeleni ingase yenze kungenzeka kuphela onyakeni th-60.

NZ kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule kwekhulu lamashumi amabili

Ngo-1990 lenzeka yezinto ezibonakalayo. izisetshenziswa zokuphatha eziphuthumayo. Isakhiwo yakhelwe kumiswa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo reserve, ehlanganisa ukudla, ezempilo, ezezimali, ezibonakalayo nasengcebweni lobuchwepheshe.

Uhlelo yakhelwe ngesisekelo idatha izibalo kanye ukunikeza igunya isinyathelo ngokushesha uma eziphuthumayo kungenzeka: izinhlekelele zemvelo, izinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu, ukuhlaselwa yimpi ngokumelene ezinye izizwe Russia kanye nezinye izingozi ngesilinganiso sesizwe sonke. Ukugcina izinto zosizo oluphuthumayo wenziwa-indlu, noma esiqiwini isimo ezindaweni ezithile zitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda of Russia.

"Ngo-State Material Reserve"

Modern eziphuthumayo reserve (lasungulwa, isitoreji nokwenza) kulawulwa uMthetho Federal 1994 "Ngo State Material Reserve".
Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sungula esiqiwini isimo eRussia:

• ukuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okusheshayo nemiphumela yezinhlekelele zemvelo nezinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu;
• ukuhlinzekwa esifike usizo lokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle kanye nokwesekwa umphakathi ukuba ezindaweni ezithintekile nezikhonzi Russian Federation: izakhamizi zawo, amabhizinisi, izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano;
• ukunikezwa umthelela zokulawula emakethe ngesikhathi kunezinkinga kwezomnotho kanye namandla;
• ekuqinisekiseni izidingo Russia esikhathini ukugqugquzela.

Isakhiwo Russian reserve eziphuthumayo

Ngo-2006, behlonipha weminyaka engu semidesyatipyatiletnego kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo reserve amasevisi federal kancane waphakamisa kwesihenqo ekusithekeni wenza ingxenye encane izintatheli ukuba Rosrezerva. Embikweni ekhethekile, "NZ" badedelwa okuyigugu ezincane zolwazi olumayelana imfihlo ebalulekile kakhulu isakhiwo Russian Federation.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi okwamanje esiqiwini isimo has mayelana 10 000 amagama imikhiqizo ukudla, amadivaysi ezokwelapha, nezempi futhi izimpahla ezimbonini. Uqinisile kangakanani izinqolobane wezwe, ukwazi abantu ababili kuphela: umongameli Russian phila Rosrezerva isakhiwo. Lesi sakamuva, ngenhlanhla uye waqinisekisa ukuthi zigcine kuyoba okwanele ukuthi uhlinzeka ngazo zonke labantu Russian Federation kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu esiphuthumayo. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma ngokuyinhloko ngokudla. Izidakamizwa, kusaladi, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu, izingubo kanye nophethiloli zigcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu izimpahla ezibalulekile, e isakhiwo NT siqukethe izikhungo eziningana: Research Institute, kokulinganisa Mechanical Plant, Polytechnic College kanye Information Technology Center.

Ezigcina imikhiqizo egcinwe hhayi kuphela eside eshalofini-ukuphila, kodwa ngisho uhala futhi inaliti, uhlu eyinhloko izidakamizwa, nilimaza kusaladi, izingubo kanye izindwangu, impahla eluhlaza, imishini, ngisho zezikhali fuel wesitimela amabhuloho phezu kwemifula main. Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye NT kukhona ukudla, ngakho isitokwe olusha njalo eminyakeni owodwa kuya kwemibili, lonke (okusansimbi, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu, izingubo, njll) - njalo iminyaka engu-15.

Kwasendaweni futhi imishini isitoreji Rosrezerva

Ukugcina izinto zosizo oluphuthumayo agcinwe ekusithekeni eqinile. esitolo ngamunye ifakwe amaphampu enamandla uma komhlaba ekhukhulayo namatshe cishe isigamu-imitha yensimbi iminyango.

Lezi zakhiwo, okuyinto zitholakala okungenani 150 metres ngezansi phansi, uyakwazi ukumelana kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya noma nenhlekelele yemvelo enkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi esitolo elise kude ezindaweni ezinabantu, kodwa indawo esiqondile kuphela zaziwe abantu ababili okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.

izinqolobane State nezinye izifundazwe

Kuyaziwa ukuthi supply eziphuthumayo Russian esetshenziswa cishe amathathu imisebenzi ye-Ministry of Eziphuthumayo futhi ukuqinisekisa kwezidingo esifike zosizo amabili emazweni angaphandle. By the way, emazweni angaphandle azinake kakhulu ekwakhekeni izinqolobane. Ngakho, kukhona ulwazi ukudla engcwele United States of America izinqolobane izothatha iminyaka emibili empi.

Abasebenzi Rosrezerva bashintshisane njalo olunye ulwazi mayelana izinqolobane eziphuthumayo nozakwethu kusukela amazwe CIS naseYurophu, nekhululekile share nezokusebenza ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zomhlaba wonke. Cooperation inikeza ithuba ukwenza ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ngokushesha uma noma yimuphi eziphuthumayo wenziwa emhlabeni wonke.