Njengoba okwamanje ngidayisa uwoyela? Njengoba intengo kawoyela kuthinte exchange emakethe angaphandle?

Okwamanje, uwoyela iyisici esibalulekile emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba. Akukhona kuphela impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa sebuningini zokwenziwa izinto, ngaphandle okuyinto umuntu wanamuhla ungeke ucabange empilweni yami, kodwa ubuye enze njengoba uphethiloli, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukukhulula lonke. Abaningi banesithakazelo ukuhweba emafutheni negolide. Indlela ukudayisa uwoyela futhi kungani kubalulekile intengo yale fuel ngakho, sizoxoxa sihloko lanamuhla.

Kusukela lokho siqukethe ekilasini brand

Amafutha iyona izakhi hhayi kuphela abalulekile jikelele amandla uhlelo, kodwa futhi omunye ethandwa kakhulu amathuluzi exchange-adayiswa. Izindaba bavame ukukhuluma amanani kawoyela njengoba imbangela zonke izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke umuntu kukhona umbuzo, njengoba manje adayiswa uwoyela ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza imali. Kakade ngenxa esiyinhloko iqoqo idatha kanye nokuhlaziywa, kuyacaca ukuthi izingcaphuno ku le nsiza ezikhathalela kakhulu izenzakalo emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kwenza kuvisisa indlela manje amafutha ngidayisa okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngoba kunikeza umbono walokho okwenzekayo emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucabanga kwi "black igolide" intengo simo esishubile ngokuvamile akuzona nje kumnandi, kodwa futhi ibhizinisi inzuzo.

Amafutha kuyinto amaminerali yemvelo ukuthi libukeka i ketshezi oily umbala omnyama nge iphunga othize. Siqukethe ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi hydrocarbon. Izinhlobo eziningana elikhethiwe uwoyela. Ahluke kwengoma. Ukuze lula zokuthumela amafutha ayebekelwe nezindinganiso ezithile. Ngokuvamile ukwabiwa uwoyela ebangeni ngenxa okwami, lapho likhishiwe. Kusukela yokugcina kuncike khona ukungcola, okuqukethwe isibabule khona amaqembu ahlukahlukene alkane. Emakethe emhlabeni wonke emabangeni alandelayo lamafutha:

• Brent. Cishe lena yiyona brand edume kakhulu uwoyela. Kuyinto kusukela 1971 njengesisekelo lokukhokhelwa e esicishe sibe ingxenye yenkathi nezinye izinhlobo. It ikhiqizwa eNorth futhi Norwegian iziLwandle.
• WTI (eWest Texas Intermediate) noma Khanyisa Sweet. Lokhu grade lamafutha ubhekwa ireferensi. It is ekhishwe saseTexas e-United States.
• Urals. Leli gama nje okungaqondile ukuze ubheke uwoyela, okuyinto ekhishwe endaweni WaseRussia. It ikhiqizwa eliseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia naseMpumalanga North.
• Khanyisa laseSiberia. Lokhu kungenye ezihlukahlukene zamafutha Russian. Kuyo sulphur kancane kuka kulowo odlule. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ikhiqizwa Amasimu uwoyela eSiberia Western kanye Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy.
• Arab Khanyisa. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ikhiqizwa Saudi Arabia.

Imakethe uwoyela

Njengoba sesibonile, izinhlobo ezahlukene zihlukaniswa izinga yabo izici. Ngakho-ke, ngentengo yabo ayikwazi ukuba okufanayo. Kumiswa It is ngendlela efanayo njengoba noma iyiphi enye yezinto: ngesisekelo ukunikezela funa. Umngcele we-obaluleke kunayo fuel kwabantu bayo. izinhlobonhlobo Khanyisa ezibhekwa ligugu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu angabona uthole imikhiqizo kaphethiloli ukukhanya okuningi ezifana nophethiloli. Esinye isici okuqukethwe kwe-sulphur.

nensada okunjalo izinhlobo inkimbinkimbi ekuqondeni indlela manje amafutha ngidayisa. Ukwenza lula ukuhlaziya, ireferensi uphawu. Europe - kuyinto Brent, US - eWest Texas Intermediate noma Alaskan North. Ngaphansi kohlaka OPEC ngaphambili emafutheni Arabian iye yasetshenziswa njengendlela reference. Nokho, manje, enhlanganweni isebenzisa "kwesitsha" amamaki eziyisikhombisa. Uwoyela abavela eRussia, it is akhishelwe khona ngaphansi brand ezine. Esaziwa kakhulu sazo Ural.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Cabanga bonke yamafutha.

Amafutha ukuhweba kuze 1970s sasingeyona imali eningi njengoba manje. Wemigqomo abiza mayelana ezintathu aseMelika. Nokho, inani lenyuka laba ngokucijile emva isimemezelo ukuvimbela ku nokukhishwa uwoyela Arab, owenzeka ngo-1973. Intengo entsha kwaba $ 12.

Enye ukwanda okukhulu okwenzeka ngo-1981. Kulo nyaka kwafika crisis Iran-Iraq. Intengo Avuka $ 14 kuya 35.

Amafutha okuthiwa 'emtoti' uma okuqukethwe sulphur kuwo uphansi. Lezi izinhlobo angadingi ezengeziwe ukucutshungulwa izindleko. Ngenxa yalokho, "esidi" bakholwe amafutha okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe nesibabule. La magama ahlobene yokuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX ukunquma izinga igolide black wazama ochwepheshe lakhe ukunambitheka.

Quotes on fuel uqobo ku-New York Stock Exchange kuboniswe ngamadola wase-US umphongolo, kodwa uwoyela - e amasenti engamalitha ngalinye.

ukulethwa yangempela elicacisiwe ivolumu inkontileka kukalutshwana kakhulu. 1% kuphela inkontileka akuyona ukuqagela kule izingcaphuno.

Njengoba okwamanje ngidayisa uwoyela?

Kuze 1970, imboni wayehlonishwa kakhulu silawula yonke imikhakha, ngakho amanani bebelokhu sasivumela esitebeleni. Ezimakethe izinkontileka eside ziphela. Nokho, lesi simiso wazibonakalisa engazinzile ushayeke phansi crisis kuqala. Uma ucabangela indlela amafutha ngidayisa namuhla, ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• usebenzisa exchange ikusasa izivumelwano;
• ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano eside phakathi abakhiqizi eqondile abathengi;
• nge izivumelwano ukuthi zenziwa ngaphandle exchange stock, emakethe ungaboshwa indawo, futhi kuyinto Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele yama-wabathengi.

uwoyela Iningi lwamasheya luzokwenziwa New York, nase-London isitokwe Ukuhwebelana. ivolumu Standard ukusebenza imayelana 1000 imiphongolo. amazinga OTC kungukuthi kulawulwa emakethe.

Kangakanani intengo yamafutha na?

Kukhona cishe 200 izinhlobo zikaphethiloli. Labo wabo ukuthi kukhona ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezithile ezibhekwa uketshezi kakhulu. ekuncintisaneni ezimakethe sekuyahwalala ephelele. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngendlela amafutha ngidayisa namuhla, sikhuluma ngokuyinhloko mayelana grade ejwayelekile. Lokho okwakudingeka ukuze kukhokhwe ezinye ngokuvamile ibalwa maqondana nabo, ifomula ngqo licaciswe ku izivumelwano ethize ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa. Futhi uyakucabangela izindleko zokuhamba.

Njengoba intengo kawoyela kuthinte exchange emakethe angaphandle?

we amaminerali kuncike izingcaphuno fuel bazimisela kuphela yimithetho kwezomnotho, kodwa nangenduduzo izimfanelo geopolitical. Russia kuncike kakhulu amanani kawoyela. Uma bewa, ruble depreciates. Ngokufanayo kwenzeka ne nedola laseMelika.