"Iminyaka Kwenqatshelwe" - isinyathelo maqondana ukwethulwa serfdom. Izigaba ukugqilazwa abalimi.

"Eminyakeni engu-Forbidden" - ingenye zokubonisa eqinisa serfdom e Muscovy ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Kubonakala sengathi umusho nice, kodwa akukho okuhle akusho.

Isikhundla abalimi eRussia xv-XVI ekhulwini

Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, emkhayeni ompofu uma abazange ukuhlala emasimini zenkosi izinduna ungase ukulahla ngokuphepha ezweni futhi bathuthele kwelinye nkosi. Ngenxa yokuthi ngangiqaphela ukuthi uma ubhekene nesimo esinjena tie the ongumlimi wamfaka kwencika ephelele kuyoba nzima, uhulumeni kancane uqala kukhawulwe ukuhwebelana abalimi. Ngokwesibonelo, e Sudebnik Ivan III setha lokuqala amathuba umkhawulo abalimi ukuba ubalekele uJehova. Kube snap Yuriev Day (26 November). Umthetho luthole ukuthi iyiphi umlimi ofuna ukuba ubalekele uJehova amakhosi asendulo, kungenziwa enkathini hhayi ngaphambili esingaphansi kwesonto ngaphambi ngalolo suku futhi kungakapheli iviki ngemuva kokuthi. Eqinisweni, sikhuluma kwesikhathi kusuka 19 Novemba kuya ku-3 Disemba. Futhi engazange okwamanje wangena "iminyaka esenqatshelwe"! Lokhu umkhawulo izinkinga kakhulu ukuphila abalimi, ngoba inguquko kwenzeka emva umlimi ukhokhele ngokuphelele umnikazi we c umhlaba.

Ukuwohloka isimo abantukazana emva 1550

ikhodi entsha Law, lapho Ukuwohloka isimo abantukazana sabekwa wamukelwa ngonyaka 1550. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokushiya abalimi babengenakwenza ukutshala izilimo ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ukuhunyushwa amaqembu athile esigabeni "starozhitnyh" enye indlela unamathisele abantu abavamile ukuba bezwe, okungukuthi, labo wakhe liye abaphila ezweni isikhathi eside futhi asetshenziselwa isimo sezwe.

"Eminyakeni engu-Forbidden 'entry isikhathi Kusukela ngo-1581. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo unqume ukwenza incazelo wonke amazwe eyayiyingxenye insimu ka Muscovy ngaleso sikhathi. Kufanele siwaqonde kanjani nencazelo yegama elithi "iminyaka esenqatshelwe '? A elula! Ngaphansi izaba zokuthi izwe incazelo kanye okudingayo ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi ungubani nokuthi uhlala kuphi, bamazwe abalimi nje uboshelwe umhlaba, endaweni efanayo lapho uhlala khona.

Kuthiwa "iminyaka sinqatshiwe" imithombo?

Ngakho, asivunyelwe iminyaka - ukunqatshelwa ngoba abalimi ukuba ngithuthe nkosi feudal eminyakeni ethile. ebhaliwe Kusobala ukuthi isikhundla ngalokho asinalo. Ungathola ezimbalwa kuphela izinkomba kwezinye efuze bobukhosi yangekhulu 80-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XVI. Umkhuba ethula "yobudala evikelwe" evela 1581. Futhi kokukhuluma kuwufanele esinqumweni Tsar Fedor Ivanovich kusukela 1592, owawuthi "iminyaka esenqatshelwe" ziye owethulwa cishe kuze kube phakade. Lo mbhalo, kwasho ukuqala serfdom e Muscovy.