Mosque Cathedral of Bibi Khanum: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Akhiwe Samarkand Bibi-Khanum - isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele yezakhiwo kanye zenkolo kwekhulu xv, okuyinto ingenye imihlobiso esemqoka yedolobha lasendulo Asian. Umlando yokwakhiwa kwalesi ethempelini bukhicite ezinye ezinganekwaneni abantu.

umhlobiso Samarkand

Famous Samarkand Bibi-Khanum lakhiwa oda Tamerlane (Timur), abuya umkhankaso wokunqoba eNdiya ngo 1399. umlawuli Turkish wakhetha indawo ukwakhiwa yayo. Okokuqala, wayaleza ukuba bandise endaweni emakethe (okuyinto endaweni yayo, futhi kwakungekho mosque eyinhloko wonke umuzi).

Bibi-Khanum kuphawuleka ngoba abasebenze lenqwaba abaculi abavela emazweni ehlukene Asian: i zidlamlilo Golden, India, iPheresiya, Khorezm. Sekukonke, Kwakuhileleke abantu abangaba ngu-700, 500 babo ababesebenza ezintabeni (bona liqopha ezinkulu omkhulu inkwali kwamakhilomitha angu-40 edolobheni). Ukuthuthwa ezisetshenziswa izindlovu Indian. Lesi sakhiwo Kwakhiwa ngezitini. Lapho kwakhiwa esetshenziswa kuphela izinto best okuluhlaza - Emir wayefuna ukuba esaphila lesikhumbuzo mosque nkathi yakhe.

dream Emir

Bibi Khanum kwakubaluleke kakhulu Tamerlane. Yena njalo wakhuthaza abakhi onjiniyela. Emir Omkhulu fuduka necala ukuhambisana nemigomo ukwakhiwa eziningana ababusi bayo yesifundazwe. Ngokucaca, iqembu abaklami adalwe miniature imodeli mosque. Le phrojekthi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana: isakhiwo main, lwaleli portal, Arcade nezindonga. Ukuze ngasinye salezi zici ukuhlangabezana umsebenzi othile wokubambisana.

Legend of ngomfazi Tamerlane

Tamerlan akuvamile ngabe uhlale emhlabathini. Wayala ukuba kwakhiwe Bibi-Khanum, washiya Samarkand wangena umkhankaso eside ngokumelene WaseTurkey Sultan. Phakathi naleso sikhathi umsebenzi waqhubeka njengenjwayelo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lamaSulumane entsha Timur enikelwe inkosikazi yayo uSarai mulyk Khanum. Wahlala e Samarkand futhi empeleni wengamela ukwakhiwa esikhundleni somyeni wakhe. Nge igama layo lihlotshaniswa legend medieval we Bibi-Khanum.

Enye legend ethandwa has it ukuthi umklami ophethe igobela le portal, wayemthanda Saray mulyk Khanum. Yadonsa ngamabomu ukwakhiwa ngoba engafuni ukusho Some umkakhe Tamerlane. Ngakho kwathatha iminyaka eminingana. Ngalesi sikhathi grand mosque ka Bibi Khanum aluthola minaret kanye zamatshe amhlophe emhlophe (kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu eyodwa nengxenye eziyizinkulungwane). Ukwakhiwa cishe eseqedile, ujabula kuphela ukuvala igobela le portal. Kodwa lapho besanda lokugcina ugqozi ongabantu wawungeke cishe bancishwa Samarkand omunye ezikhangayo zako ezisemqoka.

intukuthelo Timur

Yafika 1404. Tamerlane mhla ebuya umkhankaso wakhe futhi maduze Samarkand. Saray mulyk Khanum ezisheshayo wezakhiwo sekugcineni lwaleli. Nsizwa yafuna imiklomelo kwakwakhiwa. Wayefuna kiss indlovukazi. Unkosikazi Tamerlane ukunikela abalandeli yokukhetha omunye ubuhle inkantolo, wabe esenezela nokuthi bonke abesifazane Zinhle ngokulinganayo. Njengoba ubufakazi kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela indlovukazi wanika amaqanda kweshumi nenkani anemibala engiyalela abakhalazayo ukuhlanza kubo ukuqinisekisa ubuwena yabo yangaphakathi.

Kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Bibi-Khanum lahlala emi ungakapheli, ngakho Tamerlane nsuku wayethola eduze Samarkand. Ukuhlela ukwakheka egomela. Ekugcineni, Chitha-mulyk Khanum wakhala futhi bavunyelwe abalandeli esebanga esihlathini sakhe. I touch sezindebe khona isinyathelo, okuyinto ngokushesha usindwa Tamerlane ukubuyela. Emir Omkhulu ngaphambilini ukubamba elinamandla, kodwa akazange ukuphatha ukuze uyithole.

Emidala portal entsha

Kuchazwe nganekwane we Bibi-Khanum enhle, kodwa neze noma yini ukwenza nesenzakalo esingokoqobo. Okokuqala, umka Tamerlane ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-60, lapho elahla unokuthile akucabangayo mayelana nokuthi ubuhle bakhe bobusha. Okwesibili, njengoba mlando ukufakaza Timur yathukuthela ngempela, kodwa hhayi ngenxa edelela umakhi, kodwa ngenxa ongaphakeme (njengoba kwakubonakala kuya Emir) portal. Ayikwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yawo wohlanga olukhulu, obangela "ukwakhiwa kwekhulu", wabulawa ngo-September 1404.

Ngesikhathi umyalo Tamerlane yokungena okunganambitheki portal labhujiswa wakha esisha endaweni yayo, ngokubabazekayo nakakhulu. Emuva ekhaya, u-Emir ubangwa nezibi. Wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke ngaphambilini izinceku zakhe ukuba aliphathe kusayithi. UMbusi ucele abasebenzi ukuthi wabaphonsa inyama emgodini ngisho imali. Ngokushesha Arch kuphelile, futhi Bibi-Khanum waqala ukuthatha amakholwa. Kepha nemengamo ukubhekakade, ke iphutha komhlaba yawa eminyakeni embalwa kuphela emva ukwakhiwa. Ukubuyisela akuseyona ukubulala. Kodwa futhi bancishwa lwaleli, mosque ilahlekelwe ubuhle baso.

umklamo Izici

Bibi Khanum - umkhawulo yomsebenzi art wokwakha kwekhulu xv. Ngenhla ukuvulwa emaphakathi wayiswa lwaleli enamandla futhi engakaze ibonwe. A portal enhle ngemabula. Master wasebenzisa izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa izinsimbi womshini esangweni (kuhlanganise igolide nesiliva) Isakhiwo bawo bafinyelela amamitha amane, onesiqongo ethwele umkhatsi omkhulu kabili.

Indawo ekhethekile kwaba egcekeni nge kahle, sizungezwe iqulo amakholomu omangalisayo, wadalula imigqa emine. Lapha kwaba emini ngoLwesihlanu imithandazo Iningi amaSulumane e Samarkand. Izinkulungwane ethembekileyo, ahlelwe komata yabo emthunzini amakholomu ezimhlophe, baba indlela eyayiyinhle inyunyana ongokwenkolo inani elikhulu labantu.

uphawu komuzi

I Dome eyinhloko mosque abadumile yayiphezulu kangangokuthi ngisho ukukhanya Chandeliers ezingenakubalwa nezibani ayikwazanga sixoshe esigayegayeni yakhe. On Tile izindonga waphumula inqwaba izibuko. Ukukhanya kwelanga, anikwa mosque a simo esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu kuwutalagu kwaholela yokuthi Dome azure (ababethi umbala esibhakabhakeni) kanye nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey umbhoshongo shining Ukukhalipha liyabonakala. Ngaphakathi, izindonga abangu ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso florid kanye yamatshe zemabula. Namuhla bayaqhubeka mangaza umcabango. Painting ku usimende izinkuni ezibaziweyo futhi ngasinda izikhathi zethu.

izimbongi Medieval nabalobi baye kuqhathaniswa iphethini lwaleli Bibi-Khanum ne-Milky Way futhi ibalazwe besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi. Ikamelo ngokwayo lithole umsindo okumangalisayo. Ngisho ukushumayela imams ethule laduma kumabanga elikhulu kwakuzwakala izinkulungwane namaSulumane khona amathempeli imithandazo nsuku zonke. Ngokwenkolelo yamaSulumane, inkosi abhala izindonga kwangaphakathi kanye elingaphandle lethempeli izingcaphuno ezivela ngobunyoninco. Akungabazeki ukuthi Bibi-Khanum, laliyisikhungo sokuphila okungokwenkolo e Samarkand. Ukushintsha inkathi, amakhosi kanye nohulumeni, kanye kuphela lokhu abode azishintshile.

abode ukholo

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ingxenye Bibi Khanum - the mihrab. Lokhu nasembonini odongeni, ehlotshiswe a lwaleli amancane amakholomu amabili. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke abanye mosque, le mihrab Bibi-Khanum ukhomba emzini ongcwele Mecca amaSulumane. Kulesi niche ngokwesiko wathandaza imams. Kuyinto analog noma Christian altare Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba.

Isici esiphawulekayo Bibi-Khanum njengoba mosque - nokuba khona minbar. Kulo mnyango imam ngekhanda Intshumayelo ngoLwesihlanu. Emkhubeni wathatha indawo ukuthula okuphelele. Lezi zinceku zikaNkulunkulu ezithembekile walalelisisa amazwi Imam futhi igxile ezintshumayelweni zakhe.

Mosque kanye wezindawo zezidumbu

Bibi-Khanum wathatha kholwa iminyaka eminingi yize komhlaba njalo e-Asia Ephakathi. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka isakhiwo ayikwazanga ayetha, kodwa isonto wakwazi ukugcina ngendlela efanayo nezinye eziningi eziyingqayizivele izinto Samarkand. Mayelana nendlela restavrilovali Bibi-Khanum has a yesimanje Uzbekistan ezimele, ngokuvumelana izindonga Interiors we Ensemble, lelo eliqhubekayo mangaza ne ubuhle baso kanye wedwa. Iziphathimandla banakekele lesikhumbuzo yomlando futhi namuhla. Isethi lokugcina izifundo phezu sokubuyiselwa nokwakhiwa kwathatha amakhulu (1968 -. 2003 GG). I bemba abavubukuli wanika isayensi eziningi zobuciko ezibalulekile. Namuhla, mosque uyaqhubeka ukuthola izivakashi. amasevisi sezenkolo aphethwe, kodwa isakhiwo isibe Museum ezibalulekile. The Ensemble yezakhiwo ihlanganisa indawo obuyizinkulungwane 18 square metres.

Bekanye mosque lakhiwa Mausoleum ka Bibi-Khanum, esemgwaqweni ngqo yonkana ezivela kuye. Kulesi ethuneni wathola sokugcina indawo yokuphumula abesifazane yayo kusukela umndeni Tamerlane sika. Okokuqala wangcwatshwa Mausoleum kukamama Saray mulyk Khanum. Timur yakhelwa ethuneni yangasese umkhaya, elalisendlini kwenye ingxenye Samarkand.