Likuphi oLwandle Azov? OLwandle Azov kumephu yeRussia. ECrimea, Azov Sea

OLwandle Azov kumephu kuyinto amanzi semi okuvalelwe ase-Atlantic Ocean. Into Itholakala Engxenyeni esempumalanga yeYurophu. Amazwe amabili abe endaweni yayo yoLwandle Azov - Ukraine neRussia.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

ULwandle Azov ubhekwa le encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukujula kwawo esiphezulu - amamitha bengekho ngaphezu kwama-nantathu nesigamu, futhi ngokwesilinganiso (ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene.) - ku uhla 6,8-8 m endaweni lapho oLwandle Azov, zitholakala kwezinye izinto, yokuxhuma amanzi Atlantic Ocean. Phakathi kwazo kunane-Kerch eStraits of Gibraltar kanye Bosphorus kanye iDardanelles. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumanisi yokuxhuma kukhona eMedithera, Aegean futhi Black iziLwandle.

indaba

Ngaphambili, endulo, lapho oLwandle Azov manje, kwakungekho manzi. amanzi Ukugcwalisa kusolakala kwaqala ngo 5600 BC. e. Nakuba Don River agelezela oLwandle Black ngokuqondile samanje Kerch Strait. Endaweni lapho oLwandle Azov, kukhona imiphakathi ehlukene. Amagama amaqoqo amaningi bahamba egameni ichibi. Ngokwesibonelo, umuzi wekhabo Azov futhi Azov, emzini Azov, elisesifundeni sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni. Don Novoazovsk nabanye.

igama

Ezikhathini zasendulo, amanzi bezizwe ezihlukahlukene nabizelwa ngendlela yabo. Kufanele ukuthi kolwandle kabusha izikhathi ezanele. Kuze kube namuhla hhayi kusungulwa umsuka ngqo kwegama. Kukhona nemibono eziningana phezu etymology kwegama elithi "izinto eziyisisekelo," yokuqala:

• okuthiwa Prince Azuma, owabulawa ngo-1067 g.
• kwegama isizwe "Aces", okuyinto yena, usolwa Avestan futhi lisho "fast";
• we Circassian "uzev", okusho ukuthi "umlomo";
• ka izwi Turkic "Athan" - "ephansi".

Njengoba Engikukhumbulayo c. n. e. UPliny emibhalweni yakhe, sibhale ezizweni zamaSkithe, uthi le ndawo "Asoka". Igama iyafana igama elithi "ekuqaleni". Kukholakala ukuthi igama wanamuhla Amanzi eza ukuthi kusetshenziswe amagama endaweni Russian kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, sibonga umlobi wezenzakalo Pimen. Kufanele ukuthi igama sasekuqaleni esebuthele yonke Sea Azov (kumephu Russia Awukude eyodwa okuyinto wathola igama eTaganrog itholakala namuhla). Futhi kuphela isigamu 2nd kwekhulu le-18, lelo gama liye lavela agodliwe ngoba yonke indawo.

ucwaningo

History of the endaweni yocwaningo, lapho oLwandle Azov, evamile ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana.

1. Geographic (lasendulo), okwaqala esikhathini uHerodotus kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
2. Geology ne Geography. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusukela ekhulwini le-19 kuya 40s kwekhulu lama-20.
3. Inxanxathela. Le nkathi yaqala ngala nekhulu lama-20 futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

UKlawudiyu uPtolemy ibalazwe lokuqala ngasondelana up ogwini Azov Sea. Ukraine njengoba enjalo engazange abe khona, futhi isikhundla isihlobo kwesigubhu kwezinye izinto kwaba boni. UPtolemy esungulwe izixhumanisi kuqala ethile uya imilomo emifuleni, amadolobha, amatheku kanye capes. Ngemva kwalokho Svyatoslavovych Hleb, abusa 1068 e Tmutarakan, iqhwa kulinganiswa ibanga kusuka Kerch kuya Taman. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi amakhilomitha angu-20. Kakade 12-14 eminyaka baseVenice nabaseGenoa babephethe waqala ukwenza amabalazwe kanye ngomkhumbi tinkhombandlela Azov futhi Black iziLwandle.

isikhundla ezindawo

Le ndawo lapho ulwandle Azovskoe, olele phakathi 45 ° 12'30 "futhi 47 ° 17'30" E likh. w. futhi 33 ° 38 'futhi 39 ° 18' e. . D kwesigubhu esiphezulu ubude 380 amakhilomitha, ububanzi - amakhilomitha angu-200. Ugu has a ubude 2686 km, amanzi indawo ephindwe ihlanganisa indawo ka 37.800 metres square. km (lesi sibalo akubandakanyi kwamagoda naseziqhingini, okuyinto chithi endaweni 107,9 sq. km). Ngokusho izici morphological into kungokwalabo esigabeni kwezilwandle flat. Ichibi kubhekwa engajulile, has a ongaphakeme emthambekeni emikhawulweni. Azov Sea (kumephu Russia, ke kungabonakala ngokucacile) kungaphelele olwandle. Kule ndaba, into uyilungu leqembu wamanzi ezwekazini. Ebusika, uLwandle Azov kungaba ngokugcwele noma kancane yiqhwa. Iqhwa ngesikhathi esifanayo onikezwe Kerch Strait. Ngokuvamile, ice luqale ngo-January. Eminyakeni abandayo kungaphinde kwenzeke ngenyanga ngaphambili.

bathymetry

Endaweni lapho okuhlatshelwa khona oLwandle Azov, has a sendawo elula kwamanzi. Ngokuhamba ukususwa kusuka ogwini, futhi kukhona bushelelezi kancane ukwanda ekujuleni. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi endaweni efinyelela 13 amamitha. Kukhona ukujula esiphezulu. isobaths Indawo eduze ziyalingana, iphula kancane uyaziveza ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga kuya ePersian laseTaganrog. Cishe amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka ogwini kuyinto isobath 5 amamitha. It esuswa eTaganrog Bay eduze soMfula Don. Kulesi ingxenye ukujula kwandisa ubheke ecaleni evulekile kwesigubhu. Emngceleni zolwandle Gulf zifinyelele amamitha lasiphohlongo nobe layimfica. elinesimo phansi impumuzo izinhlelo kwamanzi awalethe. Bona ukunweba kanye nasentshonalanga (amabhange Arabatskaya futhi Marine) nasempumalanga (Zhelezinka Bank) emikhawulweni. Ukujula ngenhla kubo ziyancipha kusuka 8-9 kuya ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu. Shore emthambekeni kwamanzi esogwini olusenyakatho elinesimo angajulile sasivumela ezibanzi. Lapha, i-ka 6-7 m ukujula. I oluseningizimu ye libhekene emaweni emthambekeni kwamanzi. Ukujula kule sayithi - 11-13 amamitha. Seashores avame ukuba anesihlabathi flat. Nokho, lesi sigaba eningizimu, ungathola amagquma enomsuka mlilo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi odlula ku ezintabeni eziphambili emaweni.

Le ndawo okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi elisemcengezini imayelana 586.000 square metres. km. Flow incike phephula oya eqinile eningizimu-ntshonalanga izinkomba enyakatho-mpumalanga futhi. I motion main kuyinto ngasogwini. isiqondiso sayo emuva ngokwewashi.

izimo lokushisa

Ukuze nje kwamanzi angajulile aleli libhekene ezinkulu yezinkathi ezithile lokushisa kokuhlukana. Winter amazinga eliphezulu njengoba ubuncane. Ngo-January-February, uyakwazisa eduze kwezinga-qhwa. Engxenyeni eseningizimu kwesigubhu, eduze Kerch Strait thermometer ikholomu kunqoba zero. lokushisa amplitude ngonyaka - + 27.5 ... + 28.5 ° C. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, bonke ubuso kolwandle imakwe izinkomba sasivumela eyohlobo - kusukela degrees +24 ukuze +26. Ngo-July, kwezinye izindawo (ezifana eCrimea) Azov Sea is iyazifudumeza lungene 28 ... 28.5 degrees. Kodwa lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lwalotshwa Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Kwaba 32,5 degrees. Ngokuphathelene eside lokushisa, e-surface kuba ngaphakathi 11 ° C. iyehla iyenyuka Inter-yonyaka ngenkathi oda degree elilodwa.

usawoti

Azovskoe ulwandle inezici hydrochemical. Bona akhiwa ikakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya luningi emfuleni inflow (u-12% umthamo isamba amanzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kancane ingathiyeki amanzi exchange Sea. Ngaphambi ukulawulwa Don usawoti kwesigubhu sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi leliphasi kunaleyo olwandle. kathathu. Izinkomba isukela 1 ppm ngomlomo emfuleni kuze kube 10.5 maphakathi ingxenye futhi 11.5 kule Kerch Strait. I usawoti yoLwandle Azov laqala ukwenyuka emva ukwakhiwa Tsimlyansk emifula. Ngo-1977, isilinganiso anda ukuze 13.8 ppm ku eTaganrog Bay yezinombolo wawuthe ephansi - 11.2. Phakathi okuqukethwe kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu umswakama zehle ngo okusheshayo e usawoti. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi 10,9 ‰. Nokho, ngo-2000, izibalo wabuye wavuka, eliletha ukuthula ngesikhathi 11 ‰. Kumele ukuthi engxenyeni esenyakatho kwesigubhu kukhona usawoti kancane, njengoba kuqhathaniswa isayithi, okuyinto adjoins eCrimea. Azovskoe kolwandle (Imephu ebonisa indawo into lapha ngenzansi) endaweni ocebile imali yinhlama usawoti. It sasithathwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuze kube sekupheleni 19 usawoti ekhulwini kusuka kule sayithi enikeziwe Russia idinga pheze ngesiquntu. inani elikhulu ufinyelela anosawoti ongakanani - futhi brine Syvash nezinye amachibi. Lokhu kungenxa ukuhwamuka okushubile kweSonto kwamanzi ehlobo. Zonke lezi zingxenye hypersaline ukumela ezifakwa elikhulu nosawoti wamaminerali evuselelekayo, okuyinto Kuyaziwa Azovskoe ulwandle. Russia, kokuba lezi zinto, inikeza okunqala lokhu yezimbiwa. Ngenxa uxhumano ngengxenye solwandle brine iyafana isakhiwo amanzi olwandle. Advantageously, in the brine chloride samanje futhi sulfate magnesium kanye sodium.

amanzi

ULwandle Azov has obala ongaphakeme. Kuwo wonke sonyaka futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene, kwehlukile. Izinkomba isukela 0.5 kuya kwezingu-8 amamitha. obala okuphansi ngenxa ikakhulukazi ngokufaka esiningi amanzi emfuleni turbid, ngokwanele resuspension okusheshayo kodaka phansi ngesikhathi ukuyaluza yamanzi, futhi ukuba khona e planktonic kwesigubhu uquqaba. The rates ephansi atholakala le eTaganrog Bay. Kukhona obala ku ezahlukene 0.5-0.9, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile - 2 amamitha. Amanzi kule ndawo ungashintsha umbala walo kusuka umbala ogqamile ephuzi ukuze sinombala njengotshani noma ephuzi. Abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi kwesigubhu ngenxa ukujula okukhulu futhi ngaphansi kwethonya Sea imisinga obala kungaba lisukela isigamu amabili nesigamu kuya eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Lapha amanzi uba nombala umbala ogqamile oluhlaza. Cishe yonke indawo ngesikhathi ehlobo luyanda obala. Futhi kwezinye izindawo ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa sasivumela okusheshayo izilwane ezincane nezitshalo sibalo engenhla lehla zero. Amanzi ke iba luhlaza okotshani. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi "ulwandle yokuqhuma" ezaziwayo.