Kuyini ukuthula ehlukile? Brest-Litovsk kanye Basel Umhlaba

A ukuthula ahlukene - isivumelwano phakathi ezimbili uthi, esimweni okudalwa impi, benza ngasese futhi ngaphandle iqhaza noma eziphambene nezifiso kubangane bawo noma amalungu womanyano, abameleli iyiso.

izibonelo

Phakathi ukuziphatha emzabalazweni ngokuhlanganyela ekulweni nesitha ezivamile amalungu imiphakathi enjalo kaningi ongalungisa hhayi ukwenza izivumelwano ezifanayo naye. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, 26 lamazwe angamalungu inhlangano anti-Hitler, isiMemezelo seNhlangano eNhlangano yeziZwe, ngokuvumelana bekene asikufanele uphetha isivumelwano sokuthula izitha. Sithola isibonelo esithi asifane kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha isivumelwano wase-USSR futhi-United Kingdom.

A ukuthula ehlukile lase futhi waphetha iGibithe no-Israyeli ngo-1979, ngesikhathi amanye amazwe Arab babe ngokunamandla ngokumelene zivumelwano.

INGEMUVA Brest ukuthula

Emhlanganweni wokuqala e-basayine isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi Russia nase-Jalimane senzeka e Brest-Litovsk ngo-1917. Ithimba Soviet okuphakanyiswe udala idokhumenti kungaba kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo liveza umqondo ukuthula yeningi jikelele. Germany siphakamiso enjalo akazange ivumelane, kusukela ezifundeni zazo lempi akafunanga bachezuke izifiso zakho ukuze uthwebule endaweni isitha, okuyinto kuphela wanda phakathi izingxoxo.

A ukuthula ehlukile eJalimane, ngokuvumelana nezidingo abameleli amaNazi, inqobo enemibandela ebekwa Russia. ukukhishwa yabo wanikezwa amahora angu-48 kuphela. Kanyekanye isimemezelo izimangalo zawo yempi Austro-German lasungula okuhlaselayo kuzozonke izinhlangothi, esongela ukuba luthathe Petrograd. abameleli Soviet akukho abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuhlala ukwamukela yonke imigomo emiswe yisitha, njengoba amabutho babe iyaguquka. Ibutho ubudala wenqaba ukulwa nesitha, futhi demoralized ngokucacile, esifanayo, Workers futhi Abalimi entsha, kwaba ngendlela efanele usaqala kumiswa.

ukusayina

Ngaphandle ikhumbula olufanele lesi sivumelwano, Kwesokunxele amaKhomanisi and Socialist-mbuso, ngubani usola uhulumeni ngokuthi uvukela kwamaBolshevik revolution kanye nobuqili izintshisekelo, ukuthula ahlukene phakathi Russia nase-Jalimane sasayinwa ngoMashi 1918, ngesikhathi IV Congress ezisebenza namaSoviet.

Inkulumo efanayo lokho kuthula akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Uma eJalimane Novemba revolution zenzeka, futhi ezweni Okwesine Union wahlasela amaBolshevik wanquma ukhansele isivumelwano ukuthula unilaterally.

Basel ezweni

Ngo 1795, emzini Basel, eFrance, it sasayinwa izivumelwano ezimbili nje ukuthula: eyodwa - ngomhlaka 5 Ephreli, Prussia, kwesibili - Julayi 22 eSpain. Imfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe izivumelwano zalolu hlobo kwakuwukuthi Russia uqalile ukudlala indima ebalulekile yokuma uthi European. Ngakho, Prussia ayisekho bekuyingxenye Poland, nenkosi yalo wenqaba ukuhlala ilungu womanyano, okuphikisana yi French Republic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengafuni ukuba zimemezele impi phezu kwakhe futhi esekulungele ukuba asekele zonke izinduna zomhlangano States okwakukhona nabangane bakhe ngale ndaba.

A ukuthula ehlukile Prussia ukwenqaba nezinsolo we Prussian yinkosi zareynskih ezintweni zabo, yena udliwe Republic French. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Prussia babezothola imali, uma ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni Rhine kwaba khulula.

isiphetho

ukuthula Hlukanisa angababaza kufanele sithathwe njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekwenzeni umphumela omuhle we impi kokubili uthi alwayo. Ekuphetheni izivumelwano ezinjalo angasindisa izimpilo eziningi ukuqinisekisa isithunzi sendawo emazweni eziye ngemvume kubo.