Komhlaba ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eRussia: uhlu umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Izintaba-mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba - kukhona izenzakalo ezikhethekile zemvelo ezenzeka ngokuqondene izici ekunyakazeni kwezingqimba. Eruption, ngokuvamile uhambisana ukuzamazama komhlaba okuqondene ethile isimo aqhaqhazele uqweqwe, kuphumele i ukukhululwa ngokushesha amandla enamandla. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lokhu amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzalwa womhlaba zemvelo, futhi izenzakalo ngezinye izikhathi ezithile ezenziwe umuntu.

Izintaba-mlilo - ezihlukahlukene emigodini ungqimba lomhlaba, endaweni yalo ephansi impela ukuthi ngesivinini esikhulu futhi wayinika amandla ebusweni kuthiwa ukhiphe esiningi ancibilikile.

Ngaphambi sibheka izibonelo mlilo eRussia, ukunikeza ezinye izincazelo kafushane, futhi ukuthola ukuthi, kanjani izenzakalo ezinjalo zenzeka.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana izintaba-mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba

Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngenxa ukukhululwa ngokuzumayo ingcindezi, zanqwabelana ngaphansi ungqimba lomhlaba ngenxa abanye isikhathi esithile. isimo Seismic kunqunywa izilinganiso usebenzisa seismometer (usayizi kanye namandla we ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka).

Iphuzu nesenzakalo nokuzamazama komhlaba ibizwa ngokuthi lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Hypocenter - iphuzu komhlaba, futhi yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa mlilo. Eruption ezihilela mass (extruding) le magma oncibilikisiwe ngokuvamisile uthatha uhlobo ezintabeni noma amagquma emva lwaluyophola izinto ezilahliwe.

Lesi senzakalo esibi zemvelo singenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye komhlaba (ngisho ezintabeni) kokubili zwe futhi on olwandle futhi olwandle. Ngokuvamile kukhona kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo-mlilo eRussia, okuyinto uzobe kuchazwe kabanzi ngezansi esihlokweni.

Izintaba-mlilo ihlukaniswe 3 izinhlobo: yokuqothulwa, ithule (ayengakabi) futhi esebenzayo.

Amamephu ubeka flare-mlilo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba bakhombise ukuthi ikakhulukazi (njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla), lezi zenzakalo zihlobene nomunye, futhi ngesisekelo ukubukeka wazo uphathelene isici se-ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba emhlabeni ipuleti.

Zezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuchaza mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Russia, bamele okubi kakhulu izenzakalo ezinjalo ziyoke prozoshedshie emhlabeni.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi kuqhuma inhlekelele intaba-mlilo phakathi nawo wonke umlando - umsebenzi edumile intabamlilo iNtaba iVesuvius ngo-August 1979. Umphumela waba futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe emadolobheni Italian ezintathu, kuhlanganise elikhulu kubo - yasePompeii. Baningi kakhulu abantu ababulawa 16.000.

Komhlaba esibi kunazo yilezi ezilandelayo: ngo-1976 edolobheni labhujiswa Tanshan e China (. Wabulala abantu abayizinkulungwane 800 abangu); ngo-2011 esiqhingini Honshu (Japan) ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukuvela tsunami esesabekayo ezibhuqiwe esikhungweni samandla enuzi ku Fukushima (ukukhululwa emikhulu emisebeni).

Ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo eRussia

Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Russia - liphinde ezivamile ngempela. Nakuba abahlala emadolobheni futhi ingxenye eyinhloko yezwe lo mkhuba ngenhlanhla engaziwa.

Yiqiniso, abaningi uzokhumbula umcimbi ezimbi ezenzeka kuleli zwe phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Into embi kakhulu ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Armenia ngo-December 1988, lapho idolobha phansi ngokuphelele of Spitak.

ERussia, kuvame kuba umsebenzi ofanayo we uqweqwe, kodwa amplitude elincane. Ngokwesibonelo, ensimini ka-Republic of zaseTuva ngasekupheleni kuka-2011, ukuzamazama komhlaba ka 3.2 amaphuzu. Futhi kuze kube namuhla endaweni umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba akumvimbi.

Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eRussia - futhi akuyona into engajwayelekile. Ezindaweni enkulu isimo omkhulu cishe 200 ezihlukahlukene hlobo lwezintaba-mlilo, kodwa eziningi zazo zitholakala eKamchatka kanye Kuril Islands. Lokhu kuhlanganisa 8.3% azo zonke izintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo Zomhlaba.

Nazi izintaba-mlilo ambalwa Russian, banethonya umsebenzi wabo phezu minyaka emihlanu edlule, futhi banikezwe umlando omfushane womsebenzi wabo.

Tolbachik flat

Ngo-November 2012, intabamlilo intabamlilo eRussia esenzeka empumalanga eKamchatka. Le ndawo - Tolbachiksky Massif mlilo, ingxenye Kluchevskaya iqembu wentaba-mlilo (ningizimu-ntshonalanga okuyingxenye). Ngo ngezithako zawo kuhlanganisa Flat Tolbachik (nge ekuphakameni 3140 m) kanye olunamandla Tolbachik (3682 m). Basuke esisogwini lasendulo isihlangu intabamlilo.

Kwakuyisikhathi kuqhuma entsha, okwaqala ngokubekwa kuvulwa ufa (ubude cishe 5 km). Lava notshwala egcwele esibhedlela (base yangaphambili "Leningrad"), sise unyawo intaba-mlilo, futhi kumila ukwakhiwa epaki "Izintaba-mlilo zaseKamchatka" yemvelo.

Kizimen

Kuyinto stratovolcano esime a Isigaxa njalo. kuqhuma asebenzayo Kugcine kwenzeka ngo-2013. Vulcan (2485 m) itholakala eningizimu ohlangothini Tumrok yokhalo (emthambekeni entshonalanga) e amakhilomitha 265 kusukela Petropavlovsk futhi amakhilomitha 115 kusuka. Milkovo.

Iningi umsebenzi wayo laligujwa ngo-2009, kwaphumela esigodini iziphethu iphutha kusebenze kwabaningi babo. Ashes ngenxa yesenzo mlilo ngonyaka niphihlizwe ku izindawo ezinkulu esiqiwini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; (Kornotsky). Kwafika intabamlilo ayizinkulungwane ezingu-12. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

nameless

Lena enye intabamlilo, elise eKamchatka mayelana Klyuchevskoy amagquma. Keys edolobhaneni itholakala amakhilomitha angaba ngu-40 (Ust-Kamchatsky wesifunda). ukuphakama kwalo ngokuphelele kuyinto 2882 amamitha.

kuqhuma okugcina kwenzeka ngo-2013, kodwa futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - e 1955-1956. kuqhuma ifu ngaleso sikhathi ifinyelele ukuphakama cishe 35 km. Ngenxa yalokho, emgodini kwakhiwa U balolonge ovulekile isiqondiso empumalanga (ubukhulu 1.3 km). On the unyawo empumalanga endaweni sq 500. km, zonke izihlahla kanye izihlahla kwaphulwa asiphula.

Kluchevskoy

Esanda kutholakala (Agasti 1913), nokuqhuma eqinile ezaqubuka eRussia empumalanga eKamchatka. Lokhu stratovolcano - the esiphezulu zonke asebenzayo Eurasia. Umnyaka cishe 7000 iminyaka, futhi ukuphakama kwalo kuyehluka ngezikhathi (4750-4850 m).

Ngo-October 2013 kwakukhona isigaba esiyinhloko (ngemva 4 lava ageleza) nge ukuqhuma umlotha ikholomu kufinyelela 10-12 amakhilomitha. Plume kuwo welula ohlangothini eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ash ukuwa labetibambile emizaneni Atlasovo Lazo futhi Atlasovo wherein ungqimba yayo ukujiya kwaba cishe amabili kwangu.

karymsky

Lokhu kuqhuma we zokugcina zalesi stratovolcano esisogwini Peninsula eKamchatka (East Ridge), okwenzeka ngo-2014. ukuphakama kwalo ngokuphelele kuyinto 1468 amamitha. Lena ngenye yama-mlilo ezimatasa. Kusukela 1852, ingqikithi ezingaphezu kuka-20 nokuqhuma eqoshiwe.

Mayelana karymsky ezifanayo igama lake, lapho ngo-1996, lapho emikhulu ukuqhuma kwamanzi, cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kulo, wafa.

Lokhu kuqhuma lokugcina intabamlilo eRussia

Shiveluch nayo esisogwini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo eKamchatka (East Ridge). Kuyinto enyakatho zonke asebenzayo eKamchatka-mlilo. Ukuphakama ngokuphelele yayo - 3307 amamitha.

Ngo-June 2013 (ekuseni) Sheveluch aphonswe ukuphakama 10,000 amamitha insika enamandla umlotha. Ngenxa yalokho, edolobhaneni Keys (47 km kusuka intabamlilo), kwakukhona umlotha ukuwa. Zonke ezitaladini nezindlu embozwe milimitha wakhe ungqimba umlotha ezimhlophe. Ngo-October (emva kuqhuma intaba-mlilo Klyuchevskoy) Sheveluch ikholomu esanda kunezimpande umlotha ukuze ukuphakama 7600 amamitha. Ngo-February 2014 loluphawu safinyelela amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-11, futhi ngo-May, intaba-mlilo ayewukhiphe nje 3 ikholomu (kusuka ngamamitha 7000 kuya 10000).

Ekugcineni, i-iqiniso elithakazelisayo

Komhlaba ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eRussia anda endaweni insimu ka eRussia 4500 ikota. amamitha. Kwenzekeni? Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa izenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezenzeka esikhathini Kuril Islands futhi Sakhalin, e 2007-2009, insimu yezwe bukaJehova kuyakhula.

Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba eningizimu Sakhalin (Nevelsk) ngo-Agasti 2007, phansi kolwandle uvukile, kanjalo zakha isimiso isiqephu esisha ezincane (indawo ezintathu sq. Km). Ngaphezu kwalokho 1.5 sq. amakhilomitha ngensimu isiRashiya kwakuwulimi umphumela nokuqhuma entsha Sarychev Peak (Kuril esiqhingini Matua).