Khrushchev, phakathi nokubusa: inkathi kwekhasi

Mhlawumbe njalo umholi likahulumeni waseSoviet, lahlala isikhundla noma nini sina, khumbula izenzo zomphakathi epochal. Bona sola noma onodumo, kodwa amagama wabo ngempela ajwayelekile zonke wesikole. Futhi hhayi nje amagama, kodwa wonke sikhathi, okuyizinto ezihlobene nabo - zihlukene kakhulu. KukaStalin Association - kuyinto emkhathini yokucindezelwa nokwesaba amandla Imininingwane, Gorbachev - ngakho namuhla efunga kabusha, eziyinkimbinkimbi ogama lakhe kwahlanganiswa nezinye izilimi zomhlaba, - «yokwakha kabusha». Ngesikhathi kubusa Hruscheva N. S. kwesokunxele kumemori zabantu ngaphezu kwakho konke inqubo de-Stalinization, iqhwa elisenyameni futhi ibhizinisi ezinkulu kushabalele. Phakathi yokugcina - ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe intombi futhi "corn amaqhawe". Nokho, Khrushchev, ngesikhathi okubusa kwakhe wawuqala 1953 kuya ku-1964, wenza njengoba inhloko yezwe umnikelo eside nentuthuko lobuchwepheshe nesayensi. Masikhumbule izenzakalo esemqoka ye okuqinisekile.

Khrushchev: nokubusa kanye ncibilika

Le nqubo lihlotshaniswa ekuqaleni iswitch XX Congress LamaKhomanisi, okwakubekelwa wabeka isisekelo enkathini entsha yezwe. Kukulo muzi lapho ngo-February 1954 unobhala omusha ukufunda debunking umbiko we kukaStalin ihlelo ubuntu, kanye izifushaniso we ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukufeza socialism. izinyathelo Hard futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngesihluku okuqinisekile esidlule, okungenxa amafilosofi izolo ongagunci imibono lamaKhomanisi ekulweni Contra, batholwe benecala. Njengoba enye, ke ezihlongozwayo umbono ka nokuhlalisana ngokuthula lamazwe ne izinhlelo ezahlukene zomnotho, kodwa futhi baqala ukunciphisa lokulawula ngemibono phezu umphakathi. Kulesi sici, Khrushchev, ngesikhathi okubusa kwakhe zaziphawuleka ngokungabi uyeke Stalinization, kwasho ukuqala ekupheleni eSoviet Union njengoba isimo wobushiqela. Ngamanye amazwi, manje ukulawula imibono mass kuphela kunqatshiwe, beletha iminyaka eyishumi abalobi sixties, ngemva amabili - ekulahleni iziphathimandla "kuzo zonke ekhishini", futhi namathathu banesifo esibi kamuva uvalo futhi lonke uhlelo. Nokho, umthwalo wokuvuselelwa omkhulu iziboshwa ngaphambilini elingenacala, kuthutha we YaseCrimea AmaTatar, belikhumbuza ekugqilazweni sphere kwamasiko - Yebo, imiphumela emihle ye ncibilika. Ngo 1950-1960-yalolucwaningo kukhona nokwanda okuphawulekayo we cinema Soviet nezincwadi.

Khrushchev: Phakathi nokubusa isimo ngamazwe

Lapha, ngenkathi ephikisana kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona détente international: Umane inqubomgomo jikelele amazwe Union, ekuhambeleni kokuqala ezweni abaholi entshonalanga (ezifana yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle), ngokwako ukuqashelwa eyisisekelo nokuhlalisana izinhlelo ezimbili, ngcono elala eYugoslavia ngaphansi Tito. Kugcine isikhathi eside owayebonakala zikahulumeni kaStalin ngokuthi "abahlangene bodwana ngokucwasa undlovukayiphikiswa" (ngenxa umugqa yabo Tito ekuthuthukiseni yezwe labo, ngokungafani kuya ohulumeni abaningana upopayi e eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba kule nkathi zenzeka: elikhulu Ukwakha-up of umthamo yenuzi phakathi aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, usongo yokuqala wangempela ezinkulukazi impi yenuzi (-Cuban Missile Crisis), umfanekiso Lensimbi uthola samuntu Ngaphandle kwezinto zalo ezibonakalayo efomini Berlin Wall. Kakhulu eziwohlokayo elala China, ogama uhulumeni iholwa Mao Zedong, sebekubeke alamukeli ukugxekwa Stalin inkathi, yokuthola entsha abaseSoviet Yiqiniso ukuhlubuka imibono wobukhomanisi. EU.SSR phakathi nokubusa Khrushchev futhi baphumelele eside emkhakheni zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala, bona, yebo, ehlanganiswe kulo mncintiswano isikhala lapho ososayensi bethu, ngaphandle ihaba, iwine esikhathini, ngokuthumela isathelayithi lokuqala kwi-space, umuntu wokuqala, ngemuva kwenyanga, kodwa owokuqala ukufinyelela Venus.