Revolutionary Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich: Biography, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Sergey Gennadevich Nechaev - izinguquko kanye nihilist. Umholi "isijeziso Yabantu". Emele isiqondiso ezifana Russian ubuphekula wamavukelambuso. Waboshwa futhi wagqunywa ejele, mayelana necala lokubulala umfundi Ivanov. Isihloko kufakazelwa umlando emfushane wamavukelambuso.

ebuntwaneni

Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich wazalelwa e-Ivanovo ngo-1847. umndeni womfana yayihlupheka. Uyise wamabhuku umculi futhi njengendlela isikhonzi. Unina washona lapho Sergei wayeneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Uyise ashade, futhi ikusasa le wamavukelambuso abazalwane ababili ngokushesha sekukhona. Babehlala endlini enamakamelo amabili lokulala nogogo nomkhulu nodade. Lapho esemusha, Nechayev vele ukuthi ekungalinganini emphakathini. Uma Sergei wayeneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, uyise bamfundisa ukukhonza amadili futhi wahlela "gofer" efektri. Kodwa iqhawe kwalesi sihloko engafuni ukusebenza uyinceku.

Ukufunda

Ngo-1865, Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich wathutha eMoscow. Lapho, le nsizwa yaba mlando umsebenzi umsizi M. P. Pogodina. Ngemva konyaka, uSergei waya enhlokodolobha enyakatho, isidlulile ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi uthisha waqala ukufundisa esikoleni sezenkolo. Kusukela ekwindla ka-1868 kwafika insizwa ethile kwaba sokuzithandela Petersburg University. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi ehlangana Russian izincwadi emelene nohulumeni. Nechayev wafunda ngokusebenzelana Mikhail Bakunin, Petrashevists kanye Decembrists. Ngokushesha Sergei kwaba elinye lamaqembu umfundi futhi ngabona ukuthi isici lwakubo. Washiya yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto, cishe belahla inkonzo futhi wanikela ngokuphelele yena ukuba wokuzilibazisa entsha. umfundi oneminyaka engu-Twenty ukushaya uthisha oqeqeshiwe futhi washayelwa nenjongo ayeyiphilela - ". kwaba nombhikisho wezombusazwe kanye nomphakathi"

Ukucinga abangane

Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich azi kahle ukuthi kwaba nombhikisho ayikwazi ukwenza wedwa. Ngakho-ke, le nsizwa kwakudingeka umbimbi. Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi eziyinkinga kakhulu: Sergey ngokulambisa wayazi abantu futhi wayekwazi ukuxhumana ezimbi. Nechayev wayentula ukuzimisela nobungqabavu, kodwa nokwenza abafundi wayengazange wasebenza. Yena bethukile isibindi sakhe kanye nogqozi, impetuosity ukuqubuka namakholi ngoba imiboniso. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye fair mahhala-ukucabanga abafundi yamemezela bazoyiduba yakhe.

Geneva

Sergey Gennadevich Nechaev, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ajwayelekile kubo bonke abalandeli linemibhikisho, wanquma ukusebenzisa indlela ehlukile ukuze ahehe abasekeli. Njengoba wazi, abantu baya labo abanegunya. Futhi ukuze uthole it, udinga ukuhlala ejele. kungenzeka ukuboshwa nokuvalelwa esiteji kunonophisa luhlelo. Futhi ngenza Nechayev - waphonsa inothi okuthiwa ethwele kuye ekalishini amaphoyisa ejele. Kepha Sergei waya Geneva (Switzerland), lapho ayenethemba lokuthi acele ukusekela Ogarev, waseHerzen futhi Bakunin. Okokuqala okubili akazange ufuna ukubhekana Abashisekeli ekugugeni kwakhe, ngokuthula ogxeka uhulumeni Russian ngokusebenzisa iphephandaba "The Bell". Futhi lapha M. A. Bakunina kwaba isikhundla zimatasa ngaso. Phela, ngesikhathi lo wamavukelambuso Wacishe ikhanda lakhe ngenxa iqhaza Dresden nokuvukela ePrague adume. Mihail Aleksandrovich athuthukile ifilosofi yakhe siqu - sokungalalelwa kwemithetho. Luhilela esikhundleni ezweni khulula umphakathi ezizimele ilawulwa isimiso 'phansi-up ". Lo mbono Bakunin wafuna nokuqalisa iminyaka eminingi. Kwakudingekile kuphela ukuthola amavolontiya abangekho okudiliza isimo.

Ngokwemvelo, ukuthi Mihail Aleksandrovich kubhekwe ukuba Sergey umuntu ogama izandla uyakwazi ukuletha kuya Russian ekulondolozeni umlilo sezinxushunxushu. Awu, nje ake Nechayev sazi ukubona lokho ayefuna - umphakathi imfihlo eziningi futhi enamandla ukuthi ngaphansi kokulawula Sergei kanzima futhi bekulungele abavukelayo. Ukuze Bakunin is sithenge kusukela Ogarev futhi waseHerzen Bahmetevskogo izimali esiKhwameni futhi le nsizwa wasekelwa theory. Ikakhulu, i-iqhawe anarchist kwalesi sihloko kuye kwangisiza ukuba ukukhulula adumile "Catechism a Revolutionary."

Kodwa into - Mihail Aleksandrovich Nechayev wabhala igunya inkohliso. Lo mbhalo wanika Sergei ogunyazwe ukuthi enze egameni lomuntu ofake "ngamazwe inyunyana mbuso ka amalungu umnyango Russian." Ezansi kwaba isignesha bangempela Bakunin. Emva kokuthola umxhasi ehlonishwa kangaka, Nechayev Waphindela eRussia, ukuzizwa sengathi izinguquko zangempela. Wayengenaso ukucabanga ngekusasa akanandaba anarchism ka Bakunin. Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich zithembele kuphela postulates ka Catechism yakhe, omunye athi: "Lo wamavukelambuso udelela iyiphi doctrinairism. Yena akanandaba isayensi wokuziphilisa. Ushiya ngasemuva ke ukugwetshwa izizukulwane ezizayo. Revolutionist uyazi isayensi eyodwa kuphela -. Isayensi yokubhubha '

Ngeshwa, Nechayev wakwazi ukukhohlisa hhayi kuphela abafundi nabo, gendarmerie kanye Geneva abavela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi yena. Abantu abasha sikholelwe emandleni abo phezu kwenhlangano onguMninimandla onke wamavukelambuso. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe inhlokodolobha kwakugcwele kuphela ambalwa inqwaba abafundi oluhlaza.

ubugebengu

Ngo-1869, wamavukelambuso ihlelwe lokubulala uzakwabo I. I. Ivanova. Leli qiniso uchaza noma iyiphi yomlando wakhe. Sergei Nechayev wakwenza ngenxa yokwenqaba yomfundi ukuthobela imiyalo yakhe. Le nsizwa wenzela inkampani "ukubhuqwa Yabantu" nge isikhungo esiyinhloko ekhatsi Geneva, okuyinto Yiqiniso, zazingekho nemvelo. Ngakho, Sergey wadala abantu bazizwe besekhaya imbangela evamile. Langenxa yokuthi engabanga eyodwa kuphela indlela yokuphuma - ukufa. Nechayev ndawonye nozakwethu bayengelwa le Ivanov ngeshwa esigangeni, lapho waklinywa. Isidumbu umfundi uzama emanzini iNeva. Ubugebengu obenziwe ku amateurish, ngakho abaphenyi kudalulwe ke nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Zonke abahlanganyeli baboshwa lakhe lathethwa khona. imbangela eyinhloko kuphela wakwazi ukubaleka phesheya.

Isinqumo nokufa

Revolutionary Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich, ogama biography seyenziwe ngenhla, futhi wafika e-Switzerland. Le nsizwa wazama ukuvusa kwabathile abayizifiki Russian wadala umkhonyovu yabo yokuqala. Abashushisi bloodhounds ka kontrpolitsii zezombusazwe willy-nilly nomthelela nasekuqiniseni idumela wamavukelambuso Nechayev. Kodwa usakhunjulwa njengoba Sergei ukukhohliswa Bakunin wazama ngokungalugcini kuyena lolu daba izindlalifa ngasekupheleni waseHerzen. Ngakho-ke, obuphathekayo ngaleso sikhathi umphakathi bahluleka wamavukelambuso. Ekupheleni kuka-July 1872, ngemuva kokubanjwa Olahlwe Nechaev wabanjwa futhi zithunyelwe eRussia.

Inkantolo yamgweba iminyaka engu-kanzima futhi inhlawulo 20. Kodwa uNicholas II quashed ngomvimbo isinqumo of the esibayeni, kokuthi unqume ukuba angene enqabeni Sergey ukuphila. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-13 mayelana necala lokubulawa wamavukelambuso wafa esitokisini, ihlushwa isizungu, ukungondleki nezifo.