Atrium - liyisici esiyisisekelo bokwakha Roman

Atrium - liyingxenye eyinhloko kwezindlu wasendulo wamaRoma, i egcekeni elingaphakathi ukukhanya, kulo lonke igumbi. I etymology ka izwi livela Latin ATRIUM, okusho "Smoky", "black". Ngo zokuhlala zasendulo ATRIUM unomphela esivuthayo eziko, ngenxa ubukhulu elincane egcekeni, yayingase ibizwe amnyama, ngakho-ke, cishe, futhi kwaba yigama lakhe. Esikhathini ATRIUM, isikhungo wayebuye kwesigubhu ngoba amanzi emvula.

ukwakhiwa okunjalo esivamile izindlu WaseRoma beza bedle izingoma of the People of esigcawini isiGreki amakhaya abantu ojayelekileko. Kube nethonya izakhiwo Etruscan. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, amaRoma ayengenayo indlu ukuqhubeka. Ngisho ngesikhathi sokudideka ukuchuma umbuso wahlala ingxenye enkulu ye-ATRIUM yendlu. uhlobo enjalo eyinhloko isakhiwo yokuhlala ebizwa ngokuthi ATRIUM-peristyle.

Atrium - enkabeni indlu Roman, evulekile elingunxande, komplyuvium (compluvium). Ophahleni ATRIUM, izingxenye ezine zazo wehlela phakathi, kwesokunxele maphakathi nendawo evulekile, kusukela lapho amanzi emvula agelezela the implyuvium echibini (impluvium), wahlela phansi. Uphahla ngokuvamile kusekelwe izinsika ezine ababemi lemahlanganweni implyuviuma.

indlu waseRoma kwakuyiyona uhlobo ubuntu enamathiselwe ATRIUM. Isikimu wakhe uMarku Vitruvius, wezakhiwo saseRoma kwakungalahlekisela ziyehluka izinhlobo ezimbili: ezivulekile kavedium noma ATRIUM ophahleni ezisabalele circumferentially, kanye ATRIUM igalari nabenza isivumelwano okuqhubekayo.

Kavedium ihlukaniswe 5 izinhlobo:

• Atrium tuscanicum - owande kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Etruscan. It libhekene ophahleni ngilugweda imbobo elingunxande phakathi, ke emithambekeni phansi komplyuviumu. Uphahla waphumula imishayo ezimbili transverse ahlelwe ku emaphethelweni komplyuviuma.
• Atrium tetrastylum esebenziswe lapho ethe xaxa izakhiwo kudivayisi. Lokhu izici isitayela perpendicular izindonga ukwahlukanisa, kwakhiwa uchungechunge amakamelo igceke. I uphahla yayisekelwe izinsika ezine setha ezisemagumbini komplyuviuma.
• Atrium corinthium elifana wangaphambilini, kodwa waba komplyuvium emikhulu futhi, ngokufanelekile, inombolo enkulu amakholomu. EKorinte uhlobo kuvulandi emelelwa onezinsika asekelayo ophahleni nozobamba emthambekeni ngaphakathi.
• Atrium displuviatum kwadingeka ophahleni nge skylight phakathi. Mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi owawuvame ivikelwe yokukhosela ekhethekile emvuleni.
• Atrium testudinatum - ATRIUM uvinjiwe ngokuphelele nemengamo.

Vula Atrium, wadala ngesimo sokukhulekela, nge egcekeni akhelene imipheme ezimbili ezisemaceleni. Ebaleni kwaba tablinium (wamapulangwe) nge phambi olungaphambili lwesonto evulekile. Tablinium kwakuhlangene emakamelweni engaphakathi span ububanzi (fauces).

Ekuqaleni egcekeni ATRIUM ehlukanisiwe umnyango emgwaqweni, okuyinto wavulwa ngokwezifiso. Kodwa ke waqala ukukhiya lock. Wokufaka, ngokuvamile kabili leaf iminyango ivulekile ngaphakathi. Abobulili kubo laliyisikhungo ngokuvamile itholakala. Kule ngxenye endlini sase siya emakhaya. Kube baphotha izigqila, okuvame wasebenza futhi uwayehlalise yena.

Kamuva, i-ATRIUM - ke uhlobo sobuso ekhaya. Yena yahlukana ku esemthethweni (Tablinum - ehhovisi, ATRIUM, triklinium), phambili ingxenye yangasese (kubikuly, peristyle - lokulala). Izindonga kuvulandi ukukhanya ehlotshiswe esemathuneni akudala, yamatshe phansi zibekwe, futhi esikhundleni pool kwemizi. Marble amakholomu kanye kwakhiwa izithombe ezingu-ehlotshisiwe ATRIUM. Indlu baba abaqhoshayo ngaphezulu.

Passion izakhiwo nqola kubambile ngamaRoma ngo sokuthuthwa kwempahla umbuso, kube utshelwa ukuba ukuphakamisa ukuhlela atriums ngesikhathi izakhiwo zomphakathi namathempeli.

Bokwakha anamuhla "empilweni ATRIUM" elithi Kuthi ezahlukene. Atrium - evulekile nge Uphahla lwangaphakathi ayevumela kulesi sakhiwo, iphansi eziningana okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izikhungo embukisweni, amahhotela, izindawo zamabhizinisi, emahhovisi yezinkampani ezinkulu - ingenye izakhi ezivamile izakhiwo.